Abstract: A display panel and a display device are provided. The display panel comprises a substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels, a plurality of data lines, a plurality of wiring structures and a plurality of pads. The substrate comprises a display area and a non-display area comprising a bending area. The sub-pixels and data lines are in the display area and electrically connected with each other. The wiring structures are in the bending area and electrically connected with the data lines. At least one wiring structure comprises a plurality of hollow patterns connected successively, each hollow pattern comprises a first conductive part and a second conductive part connected with each other. The plurality of pads are in the non-display area and located on a side of the plurality of wiring structures away from the display area and electrically connected with the plurality of wiring structures.

Abstract: The process for transforming an industrial soda-lime-type base glass plate into a glazed material with antimicrobial properties and personalized color consists in an antimicrobial glazed material production process. Copper nanoparticles (NPCu) are added to said glass with the aim of directly altering cell protection against viruses and bacteria in order to destroy their genetic material. The antibacterial glass is specifically applied to the industrial sector of surfaces and covers that are usually used in hospital facilities, and covers for the handling of food and beverages, among other uses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for producing three-dimensional workpieces (15), comprising a carrier (7) for receiving raw material powder (9), a build chamber wall (11, 11a, 11b) which extend substantially vertically and which is adapted to laterally delimit and support the raw material powder (9) applied to the carrier (7); an irradiation unit (17) for selectively irradiating the raw material powder (9) applied to the carrier (7) with electromagnetic radiation or particle radiation in order to produce on the carrier (7) a workpiece (15) manufactured from the raw material powder (9) by an additive layer building method, wherein the irradiation unit (17) comprises at least one optical element; and a vertical movement device (31) which is adapted to move the irradiation unit (17) vertically relative to the carrier (7).

Abstract: Provided are a composite material that adequately obtains the effect of carbon nanotubes, a prepreg in which the composite material is used, a carbon-fiber-reinforced molded article having greater resistance to the progression of the interlayer peeling crack, and a method for manufacturing the composite material. A composite material includes a carbon fiber bundle in which a plurality of continuous carbon fibers are arranged, carbon nanotubes adhering to respective surfaces of the carbon fibers, and a plurality of fixing resin parts partly fixing the carbon nanotubes on the surfaces of the carbon fibers, where the fixing resin parts cover 7% or more and 30% or less of the surfaces of the carbon fibers to which the carbon nanotubes adhere.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an anti-wear, anti-friction and stably-dispersed lubricating oil or grease, and the anti-wear, anti-friction and stably-dispersed lubricating oil or grease includes a main component of a lubricating oil or grease and a long carbon chain-grafted sulfonated graphene, the preparation method of which includes mixing a main component of a lubricating oil or grease with a long carbon chain-grafted sulfonated graphene, stirring and dispersing the mixture to obtain the product. The lubricating oil or grease in the present disclosure can significantly improve the long-term dispersion stability and dispersion stability in a complex environment by adding a long carbon chain-grafted sulfonated graphene in the main component, and at the same time can significantly improve the friction coefficient, which can significantly improve the anti-wear and anti-friction properties of the lubricating oil or grease, reduce the diameter of wear scars, and reduce the wear of copper and iron.

Abstract: A lithography based method for the manufacture of diamond composite materials in which green bodies are prepared by a layer-by-layer construction with resulting green bodies de-bound and sintered to achieve a dense high hardness material.

Abstract: A veneer panel may comprise a face veneer, a thermally conductive layer, and a backing layer bonded to the thermally conductive layer. The thermally conductive layer may comprise a chemically treated thermally conductive layer. The chemically treated thermally conductive layer may comprise a plurality of first vinyl groups chemically bonded to a first surface of the chemically treated thermally conductive layer.

Abstract: A method for producing an anti-fouling coating film includes: a step (1) of applying a fine uneven layer forming agent containing at least one type of polysilazane as at least one type of silica raw material on at least one surface of a base substrate, the aforementioned at least one surface comprising at least one type of resin, to form a fine uneven layer containing silica and polysilazane; a step (2) of applying a modification layer forming agent containing a reactive organic compound and polysiloxane or perfluoropolyether on a surface of the fine uneven layer obtained in the step (1), to form a modification layer containing polysiloxane or perfluoropolyether, and a step (3) of applying lubricating oil containing silicone oil or fluorinated oil on a surface of the modification layer obtained in the step (2), to form a lubricating oil layer.

Abstract: A numerical characterization method for the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes based on fractal dimension is invented. In this method, a SEM image of the dispersion state of carbon nanotube is obtained first, and then is binarized by the ImageJ software to extract the boundary of individual carbon nanotubes or carbon nanotubes agglomerates, and thereby calculating the fractal dimension of the processed image with the assistance of the box-count algorithm. The value of fractal dimension represents quantitatively the abundant information contained in the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes, which is capable of realizing the numerical characterization of the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes. The invention quantifies the dispersion state of carbon nanotubes, and provides a powerful strategy for controlling, comparison and prediction of macro-properties of carbon nanotube based composites.

Abstract: A lithium-sulfur battery separator includes a separator substrate and a functional layer coated on the separator substrate. The functional layer includes a carbon nanotube layer and a hafnium oxide layer. The carbon nanotube layer includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes. The hafnium oxide layer includes a plurality of hafnium oxide nanoparticles. The hafnium oxide nanoparticles are adsorbed on surfaces of the carbon nanotubes. The present disclosure also relates to a lithium-sulfur battery comprising the lithium-sulfur battery separator.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a polysilazane-containing composition for forming a film. In order to form a dense and processable siliceous film, the composition is intended to be employed in a two-step conversion process comprising the steps of: forming a film having a dry surface from the composition provided that the conversion in to the siliceous substance proceeds insufficiently; and then subjecting the film to secondary processing. [Means] The present invention provides a polysilazane-containing film-forming composition comprising a particular amine compound, a polysilazane compound, and a solvent; and the invention also provides a process for forming a siliceous substance. In the process, the composition is applied to coat a substrate and thereafter converted into the siliceous substance. The particular amine compound has two amine groups, and the amine groups have at least one phenyl-substituted hydrocarbon group.

Abstract: A coated substrate includes: a substrate; an electrically conductive multilayer stack on the substrate; and a coating on the electrically conductive multilayer stack. A thickness of the coating is 5 to 10 mils and the coating includes a conductive, anti-static tiecoat on the electrically conductive multilayer stack; and a conductive, anti-static topcoat on the conductive, anti-static tiecoat. The conductive, anti-static tiecoat and the conductive, anti-static topcoat are formed from a coating composition including a hydrophobic first aliphatic polyisocyanate, a second aliphatic polyisocyanate including a hydrophilic portion, a polyester polyol, a hydrophilic polyol, and a fluorinated polyol compound is disclosed.

Abstract: A system for producing a layer of aligned carbon nanotubes, the system comprising: a sprayer, a solution delivery tube configured to deliver a carbon nanotube solution to the sprayer, and a reservoir configured to contain a subphase. The sprayer is configured to generate a continuous spray of the carbon nanotube solution. The continuous floating layer is supported by the subphase. The spray of carbon nanotube solution includes droplets of the carbon nanotube solution, the droplets having a median diameter in a range from about 1 to about 100 microns. The sprayer maintains the continuous floating layer of carbon nanotube solution on the subphase as a substrate is inserted into or removed from the subphase, the carbon nanotube solution being in contact with the substrate.

Abstract: A treatment, structure and system are provided that modify the deposition process of a material that can occur over two differing materials. In an embodiment the deposition rates may be adjusted by the treatment to change the deposition rate of one of the materials to be more in line with the deposition rate of a second one of the materials. Also, the deposition rates may be modified to be different from each other, to allow for a more selective deposition over the first one of the materials than over the second one of the materials.

Abstract: Polycarbonate articles having improved properties due to their substantially cross-linked nature are disclosed. The substantially cross-linked articles are formed by forming a product from a polymeric composition comprising a cross-linkable polycarbonate resin containing a photoactive group derived from a benzophenone, and exposing the formed product to an effective dosage of ultraviolet radiation to cause substantial cross-linking throughout the article. Such cross-linking can also be used to obtain films having good scratch resistance properties.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for the protection of optical components used during laser bond inspection. In one embodiment, an optic surface wetting enhancement is provided on a protective optic to assist in forming a substantially flat film of transparent liquid from transparent liquid applied to a surface of a protective optic. A flat film of transparent liquid on a surface of a protective optic may be used to retain debris and effluent backscatter produced during a laser bond inspection process.

Abstract: A substrate holder mounting device is provided that is compact and has a simple structure. The substrate holder mounting device according to the present invention is provided with: a first and a second mounting mechanisms (5, 7) that are housed in a chamber and that are respectively configured to be capable of mounting a plurality of substrate holders along a row; row direction drive means that moves the first mounting mechanism to a row direction relatively with respect to the second mounting mechanism; a shifting mechanism (30) that shifts the substrate holders between the first and second mounting mechanisms; and a link-up mechanism that changes positions of the substrate holders in the row direction in the first or second mounting mechanism by a linkage between the shifting mechanism and the above-described row direction drive means.

Abstract: An x-ray emitter includes a housing. In an embodiment, the housing includes a diamagnetic or paramagnetic housing material and a plurality of ferromagnetic particles. In an embodiment, the ferromagnetic particles are aligned substantially along closed paths. A medical device includes an embodiment of the x-ray emitter. A method is further for producing an embodiment of the x-ray emitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an array substrate and a method for preparing the same, and a display device. The method for preparing an array substrate comprises steps S1) forming a pattern, which includes a gate electrode, a gate electrode insulating layer, an active layer and a source-drain electrode, on a base substrate; and S2) forming a transparent conducting layer on the base substrate on which step S1 has been accomplished, and simultaneously forming a pattern including a pixel electrode and a data line via a one-time patterning process. In this method, the steps of the manufacture process can be reduced, the production cost can be saved, and the production efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the pixel electrode and the data line may be both formed to have a low resistance value and a high light transmission rate, the performance of the array substrate can be improved.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a wirelessly detectable object to be used in medical procedures are provided. The object may include a piece of absorbent material, a transponder to wirelessly receive and transmit signals, and a cover. The cover is attached directly to the piece of absorbent material to retain the transponder. Methods of manufacturing wirelessly detectable objects are also provided.

Abstract: A high opacity white ink containing a mica-based mineral with titania is provided. A method of manufacturing the high opacity white ink is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an organosilicon compound for forming a novel organic thin film having improved physical properties. An organosilicon compound of the present invention is an organosilicon compound represented by formula (I) R—(CH2)n—SiX3 (I) (wherein R represents an alkoxy group having 1 to carbon atoms or a phenyl group that optionally has a substituent, X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and n represents any integer from 17 to 24). An organic thin film can be formed by mixing the aforementioned organosilicon compound, a compound that can interact with the organosilicon compound, and water in an organic solvent to prepare an organic thin film forming solution, and bringing the organic thin film forming solution into contact with a substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to provide an organosilicon compound for forming a novel organic thin film having improved physical properties. An organosilicon compound of the present invention is an organosilicon compound represented by formula (I) R—(CH2)n—SiX3 (I) (wherein R represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenyl group that optionally has a substituent, X represents a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group, and n represents any integer from 17 to 24). An organic thin film can be formed by mixing the aforementioned organosilicon compound, a compound that can interact with the organosilicon compound, and water in an organic solvent to prepare an organic thin film forming solution, and bringing the organic thin film forming solution into contact with a substrate.

Abstract: A method of producing a substrate provided with a metal nanostructure on the surface thereof, including: forming a layer containing a block copolymer having a plurality of polymers bonded on a surface of a substrate, and subjecting the layer to phase separation, selectively removing a phase of at least one polymer of the plurality of copolymers constituting the block copolymer from the layer to expose part of the surface of the substrate, and allowing a metal ion to come into contact with the exposed surface of the substrate to effect an electrochemical reaction between the surface of the substrate and the metal ion, thereby depositing a metal on the surface of the substrate; and a substrate provided with a metal nanostructure on the surface thereof produced by the same method.

Abstract: A moisture-curable polysiloxane composition consists essentially of (a) at least one polyorganosiloxane, fluorinated polyorganosiloxane, or combination thereof comprising reactive silane functionality comprising at least one hydrosilyl moiety; and (b) at least one base selected from amidines, guanidines, phosphazenes, proazaphosphatranes, and combinations thereof; wherein the curable composition is non-foaming and has an average condensation-curable, reactive silane functionality greater than two.

Abstract: A water-repellent and oil-repellent coating, which can exert high water-repellency and oil-repellency not only at ordinary temperature, but also even after exposure to a high temperature and whose environmental burden is low, is formed by dehydration condensation of perfluoroaryl trisilanol (at least one fluorine atom in its perfluoroaryl group may be substituted with a trifluoromethyl group) having a molecular structure in which not only functional groups which presents a surface energy, such as a methylene group, a methylene group, an ether linkage (oxygen atom), a carbonyl group, etc., but also a difluoromethylene (—CF2—) group have been eliminated.

Abstract: A coating composition which imparts antifog, antireflective, easy-cleaning, and/or antistatic properties to substrates coated therewith. The coating compositions utilize nanoparticles funtionalized with amine groups and/or protected amine groups, and amine-reactive groups.

Abstract: Provide are a peptide gel with practically sufficient mechanical strength and a self-assembling peptide capable of forming the peptide gel. The self-assembling peptide is formed of the following amino acid sequence: a1b1c1b2a2b3db4a3b5c2b6a4 where: a1 to a4 each represent a basic amino acid residue; b1 to b6 each represent an uncharged polar amino acid residue and/or a hydrophobic amino acid residue, provided that at least five thereof each represent a hydrophobic amino acid residue; c1 and c2 each represent an acidic amino acid residue; and d represents a hydrophobic amino acid residue.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an effect pigment comprising a plate-shaped non-metallic substrate and at least one copper-containing coating, wherein the average particle size D50 of the effect pigment is more than 5 ?m and the copper content of the effect pigment is in a range from 3 to 70 wt.-%, relative to the total weight of the effect pigment. The invention furthermore relates to a method for producing the latter and use of the effect pigment in anti-fouling coatings.

Abstract: A bearing surface of an oilfield component is treated by applying a surface treatment having a low coefficient of friction to the bearing surface of the oilfield component by weld fusing an overlay of a Cu—Ni—Sn alloy material to the bearing surface. Weld fusing the overlay of the Cu—Ni—Sn alloy material to the bearing surface can involve laser surface cladding the overlay of the Cu—Ni—Sn alloy material to the bearing surface, gas tungsten arc welding the overlay of the Cu—Ni—Sn alloy material to the bearing surface, or plasma tungsten arc welding the overlay of the Cu—Ni—Sn alloy material to the bearing surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for solubilizing a fluoropolymer, comprising a solvent blend of a) Compound of formula (I) R1 C(=0)NR2R3 wherein R1 and R2 and R3 are defined as in the specification and b) DiMethylSulfoxide (DMSO). The invention also relates to the process for the preparation of the composition and its uses. The invention is also of use the fluoropolymer composition for coating applications.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a high-quality boron nitride film grown by using a borazine oligomer as a precursor through a metal catalyst effect. The method solves the problems, such as control of a gaseous precursor and vapor pressure control, occurring in CVD(Chemical vapor deposition) according to the related art, and a high-quality hexagonal boron nitride film is obtained through a simple process at low cost. In addition, the hexagonal boron nitride film may be coated onto various structures and materials. Further, selective coating is allowed so as to carry out coating in a predetermined area and scale-up is also allowed. Therefore, the method may be useful for coating applications of composite materials and various materials.

Abstract: A carbon composite material, including a plurality of spaced graphene sheets, each respective sheet having opposed generally planar surfaces, and a plurality of functionalized carbonaceous particles. At least some functionalized carbonaceous particles are disposed between any two adjacent graphene sheets, and each respective at least some functionalized carbonaceous particle is attached to both respective any two adjacent graphene sheets. Each respective graphene sheet comprises at least one layer of graphene and at least portions of respective any two adjacent graphene sheets are oriented substantially parallel with one another.

Abstract: Methods of reducing waste in the production of wood products, particularly a fenestration unit, and methods of coating a solid softwood component, as well as coated wood products are provided.

Abstract: A process for reinforcing a glass-ceramic article, into which a maximum tension is introduced beneath the surface of the glass-ceramic, advantageously in proximity to said surface. The invention also relates to an enamel that can be used for this reinforcement, this enamel being formed from a glass frit having the following composition, the proportions being expressed as weight percentages: SiO2 50-66% MgO 3-8% Na2O ?7-15% K2O 0-3% Li2O ?0-12% CaO ?0-10% BaO ?0-15% Al2O3 0-3% ZrO2 0-3% ZnO 0-5% B2O3 0-8% the sum of the alkaline-earth metal oxides CaO+BaO moreover being between 8 and 15%, and the sum of the alkali metal oxides Na2O+K2O+Li2O moreover being between 7 and 20%. The reinforced glass-ceramics obtained by the process.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsule, which comprises encapsulated in the poly(urea-formaldehyde) microcapsule an organofluorine silane of the general formula (I) A3C(CA2)xSiR1yX(3-y) (I), wherein in formula (I) A is either fluorine (F) or hydrogen (H), wherein at least 50% of atoms A are fluorine. X is chloro or a group RO, wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R1 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, n=0 or 2, y=0 or 1 or 2 and m=0 to 20, encapsulated within the microcapsule. The disclosure also provides self-healing coating compositions comprising such polymeric microcapsules and methods of preventing or slowing corrosion using such coating compositions.

Abstract: Multifunctional coating films that can be applied in liquid form are provided for compressing, sealing, covering and preserving surfaces. The films include a composition of polysaccharide materials and/or homo- or heteroglycan water-soluble polysaccharide derivatives, polyol spacers, and crosslinkers with carbonyl or carboxylic function(s). As-applied, the composition is water-soluble and reactive, but after hardening it is capable of absorbing water or swelling, impermeable to water vapour, stable against water and UV and can be biologically degraded in a controlled manner. By reacting polysaccharide materials, polysaccharide derivatives and polyol spacers with cross linkers having carbonyl or carboxylic function(s), mechanically stable flexible films are obtained, which retain their mechanical properties up to a foreign material content of 80%.

Abstract: A coating method, coated article and coating are provided. The coated article includes a low temperature component, and a graphene coating formed from a graphene derivative applied over the low temperature component. The coating method includes providing a graphene derivative, providing a low temperature component, applying the graphene derivative over the low temperature component, and forming a graphene coating. The graphene coating reduces corrosion and fouling of the low temperature component. The coating includes a graphene derivative, and modified functional groups on the graphene derivative. The modified functional groups increase adherence of the coating on application to a low temperature component.

Abstract: There is described a method for forming an ink jet print head. The method includes providing a printhead including a nozzle plate having a plurality of apertures and coating an anti-wetting composition on a surface of the nozzle plate while the plurality apertures in the ink jet aperture plate are maintained at a first pressure such that a plurality of menisci of the composition form over the plurality of apertures. The plurality of menisci are purged by increasing the first pressure at the plurality of apertures to a second pressure greater than the first pressure. The anti-wetting composition is cured. An apparatus for applying the coating is described.

Abstract: An aqueous dispersion containing a vinylidene chloride polymer (P1) containing vinylidene chloride in a proportion of at least 50% by weight, and at least one random, alternating or gradient copolymer (C1) having: a) at least one monomer unit (m1) carrying at least one phosphonate group —PO(OH)(OR1) with R1 being a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical comprising from 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and b) monomer units (m2) which represent at least 50% by weight of the copolymer (C1), derived from at least one monomer (M2) chosen from styrene, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid and the (meth)acrylic monomers corresponding to the general formula CH2=CR2R3 in which R2 and R3 are described herein, copolymer (C1) not containing monomer units derived from vinylidene chloride.

Abstract: Techniques for assembling a lipid bilayer on a substantially planar solid surface are described herein. In one example, a lipid material such as a lipid suspension is deposited on a substantially planar solid surface, a bubble filled with fast diffusing gas molecules is formed on the solid surface, and the gas molecules are allowed to diffuse out of the bubble to form a lipid bilayer on the solid surface.

Abstract: A method for forming a uniform texture concrete wall using Shotcrete or other pneumatically projected concrete materials. The method generally includes forming an exterior face mixture from a concrete mixture wherein the large aggregates are removed such that when the face mixture is pneumatically applied to a base structure, the face mixture defines a uniform surface.

Abstract: A method for applying a temporary bonding layer to a carrier wafer for temporary joining to a product wafer by fusion bonding or anodic bonding, said method comprising: applying a temporary bonding layer which is suitable for fusion bonding or anodic bonding to the carrier wafer and modifying the temporary bonding layer during and/or after application such that the temporary connection of the temporary bonding layer can be broken.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system especially useful in damage resistant, ceramic dental and orthopedic prosthesis. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure comprises an outer (aesthetic) residual glass layer, a graded glass-ceramic layer, and a dense interior ceramic. The functionally graded glass/substrate/glass composite structure may further comprise a veneer on an exterior surface. The present invention also provides a method for preparing a functionally graded glass/ceramic/glass sandwich system. A powdered glass-ceramic composition or a glass tape is applied to the accessible surfaces of a dense alumina substrate to thereby substantially cover the substrate surfaces. The glass of the composition has a CTE similar to that of the substrate material. The glass-ceramic composition is infiltrated into the dense substrate by heating the assembly to temperatures 50-700° C. below the sintering temperature of the substrate.

Abstract: Herein provided are a water-reactive Al-based composite material which is characterized in that it is produced by incorporating, into Al, 2.0 to 3.5% by mass of In, 0.2 to 0.5% by mass of Si and 0.13 to 0.25% by mass of Ti, and which can be dissolved in water through the reaction thereof in a water-containing atmosphere; a water-reactive Al-based thermally sprayed film produced using this composite material; a method for the production of this Al-based thermally sprayed film; and a constituent member for a film-forming chamber which is provided with this Al-based thermally sprayed film on the surface thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for treating subject materials with compositions includes a material treatment section for treating a subject material with a composition of a silane-containing material and a hydrocarbon solvent to form a treated material, and a neutralizing section for neutralizing the treated material such that the treated material has a pH in a range of approximately 7 to approximately 8.

Abstract: A glass container and a process for forming a graphene-containing coating on an exterior surface of the glass container to increase the strength of the glass container. A liquid coating composition that includes a physical mixture of a graphene material and a siloxane polymer is applied to the exterior surface of the glass container to form a precursor coating thereon. The glass container and the precursor coating are then cured to form a composite thin film of silica (SiO2) and graphene on the exterior surface of the glass container.

Abstract: A packaging material includes an antimicrobial agent adhered to a substrate. The antimicrobial agent can include copper, and the packaging material can include cellulose. The substrate can be paperboard, and the copper can be a copper salt, such as copper sulfate. The packaging material may be provided by causing adherence between the substrate and the antimicrobial agent, such as by coating the substrate with the antimicrobial agent. Then, the packaging material may be cut into sheets. The sheets may be formed into cartons or other suitable packages.

Abstract: Functional groups on the outermost surface of an amorphous hydrocarbon film are substituted. The amorphous hydrocarbon film is formed on a silicon substrate Sub, which is coated with a low-k film. A heat treatment is performed on the amorphous hydrocarbon film in a non-silane gas atmosphere. Next, a heat treatment is performed on the amorphous hydrocarbon film in a silane gas atmosphere immediately after the heat treatment in a non-silane gas atmosphere. After the heat treatment, a film, such as a hard mask, is formed.

Abstract: The described embodiments relate generally to cosmetic surfaces and associated treatments to form cosmetic surfaces. Cosmetic surface treatments as described herein both increase durability and decrease the appearance of physical damage through implementation of an intermediate barrier layer having a first physical attribute (e.g., color of barrier layer) of a predetermined relationship with a second physical attribute of a second layer (e.g., color of a cosmetic layer). The intermediate barrier layer separates the second layer (e.g., a cosmetic or external layer) from internal material supporting both. The first physical attribute may be chosen to be of a similar appearance to the second physical attribute (e.g., matching and/or somewhat closely matching in color) such that physical damage to the cosmetic layer is made less visible.