Abstract: Intumescent coatings protect structural members from exceedingly high temperatures during fires. Most intumescents, in their virgin condition, can be made to bond tenaciously to the substrate surface it is to protect. When activated by a fire, intumescent materials swell and undergo chemical degradation, and in the process a char is produced. The char insulates the substrate from the heat flux (fire). A reticulated structure is provided to anchor the char to the substrate.

Abstract: A method of improving the sorption capacity of a substantially hydrophobic, thermoplastic polymer, which comprises introducing into the polymer a halogen by contacting the polymer with a solution containing the halogen under conditions which avoid chemical reaction of the halogen with the polymer, separating the free halogen-containing polymer from the solution, and contacting the polymer with a reagent which pervades the polymer and reacts with the free halogen contained therein so as to produce a gas as one of the reaction products. The product polymers have increased sorption capacity and improved dyeability and are capable of sorbing and retaining useful substances such as medicaments, pesticides and perfumes.

Abstract: Microcapsules are produced in-situ in a film or during the manufacturing process of a water-based coating composition from which the film is formed. A principal process involves the in-situ production of void-containing microcapsules in a film formed from a water-based coating. This principal process involves as a first step the preparation of a polymer composition which may be a homogeneous solution containing a water-immiscible organic polymer, a water-immiscible solvent for the polymer, and a water-immiscible lower volatility non-solvent which is miscible with the solvent; or an emulsion containing as the continuous phase a water-immiscible organic polymer dissolved in a water-immiscible solvent for the polymer and, as the discontinuous phase, droplets of a lower volatility non-solvent dispersed in the continuous phase. This polymer composition is then emulsified under agitation and in the presence of a surfactant into a water-based coating composition.

Abstract: Crushed foam coated leather and leather-like materials characterized by excellent foam adherence, are prepared by flowing foamed compounded polymeric latices into contact with a leather or leather-like substrate and partially drying same, followed by compressive crushing of the dried foam, plating or embossing to achieve optimum adhesion, and further heating and curing to develop maximum physical properties.

Abstract: A laminated protective packaging material particularly for use in making heat sealable envelopes comprises an outer paper substrate having a continuous, aqueous based heat sensitizable coating applied to one surface thereof. The outer paper substrate may consist of conventional coated or uncoated paper, bleached or unbleached kraft paper or any other similar material. The heat sensitizable coating may consist of an alkali-soluble ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer resin or other heat sensitizable ionic polymer resin with or without the addition of filler materials for increasing the viscosity of the coating and/or for improving the heat sealing characteristics of the coating. The heat sensitizable coating is particularly characterized by its ability to be heat sealed to itself and laminated to a foamed polymeric material having a cellular structure such as polyethylene foam.

Abstract: A textured building material, suited for use as an acoustical wall and ceiling covering, comprising a cellular urethane foam substrate and an elastomeric coating and a method for its production is disclosed. The building material is flexible and damage resistant, which makes it especially useful in mobile vehicles and homes. The process consists of applying a foamed elastomeric resin emulsion onto a urethane substrate to a desired thickness; drying the coated substrate thus formed; and thereafter crushing the dried elastomeric coated substrate to form a composite textured material.

Abstract: A longitudinally stretchable and transversely compressible member is made by coating each of a bundle of generally parallel, continuous, non-interengaged strands with a vaporizable material (blowing agent), applying a thermosetting elastomeric material to the bundle so as to impregnate and surround the bundle and to separate the strands. A vapor impermeable skin is formed on the surface and the vaporizable material vaporized to form randomly disposed voids and to cause the strands to take an undulating path.

Abstract: A process for reinforcing nonwovens by the foaming process accompanied by the use of binding agents and foaming assistants is provided. The nonwovens are treated with preparations which contain at least one binding agent and as foaming agents and a reactive surfactant which is converted into the irreversibly insoluble state at elevated temperature and thereby loses its surface activity. The treated nonwovens are then subjected to a heat treatment, time-consuming washing and rinsing procedures of the treated materials are not necessary.

Abstract: Graphic arts media are provided which offer raised, three-dimensional effects. A basic medium is formulated of a colorant, film-forming binder, a solvent vehicle and thermally expandable microspheres. The microspheres are treated to preclude or inhibit solvation in the solvent vehicle by coating with a compound which is a non-solvent for the microspheres but which preferentially wets the surface thereof. Alkyl alcohols having about 3 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain are employed.The medium is selectively applied to a substrate, dried, and heated to expand the microspheres.

Abstract: Process for producing multicolor pressure-sensitive transfer elements comprising the steps of preparing a thin microporous resinous layer, impregnating a preselected partial area thereof with a liquid non-drying ink of one color and impregnating another adjacent preselected partial area thereof with another liquid non-drying ink of a different color, an ink barrier preferably being provided between said areas to prevent integration of said different colored inks.

Abstract: Microcapsule coated sheet material for use in pressure sensitive copying systems is produced by a method which comprises forming an aqueous coating composition containing microcapsules, particulate stilt material and a biner, foaming the coating composition, applying the foamed composition to a web of sheet material, and metering the composition on the web to a desired coating weight by means of a metering member, for example a blade which preferably is flexible, in contact with the coating composition on the web. The foamed composition is preferably applied to the web by means of a fountain applicator.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a process for coating the back of textile floor coverings, e.g. carpets, with polyurethane foams wherein it is possible to obtain particularly firm fixing of the nap and improved anchorage of the textile filaments. The process broadly comprises:A. applying to the back of a textile floor covering a first coat consisting essentially of a reacting foamable mixture of a polyol and a large excess of polyisocyanate,B. before said first coat has been hardened, applying thereto reacting foamable mixture of substantially equivalent quantities of polyol and polyisocyanate, andC. thereafter hardening the resultant product.

Abstract: Improved insulation system for cryogenic vessels wherein substantially uniform stress levels under loads are maintained in various parts of the foam insulating material layers applied to the wall structures of such vessels and methods for applying foam insulating materials to the said vessel wall structures.

Abstract: Linear siloxane-polyoxyalkylene (AB).sub.n block copolymers having an average molecular weight of at least about 30,000, compositions of polyurethane-forming froths containing said copolymers, the curable froths produced from said compositions, methods for utilizing said froths as well as the cured foams and articles produced therefrom, said froths having utility in the production of molded polyurethane foam articles, foam backings for carpeting and fabrics, coatings for wire, cable and other articles, small cavity encapsulations, and the like.

Abstract: Surfactant compositions include a mixture of a mono-butyl ether of ethylene glycol and a sodium, potassium or magnesium salt of laurylsulfate or mixtures of such salts.

Abstract: A novel printing master and method for producing the same is disclosed which comprises the coating of a suitable substrate with an uncured silicone gum composition containing an activating proportion of a "blowing" or "foaming" agent. A particulate image pattern such as a toner image pattern, is transferred to the uncured silicone layer, followed by curing of the gum to an elastomeric ink releasable film. Activation of the "blowing" agent occurs during curing of the silicone to cause imagewise "foaming" of the silicone layer. After removal of the deposited image pattern, a "foamed" image is formed which is ink receptive and provides an imaged printing master suitable for use without a need for aqueous dampening solutions to provide ink release in non-imaged areas of the master.

Abstract: A technique for the manufacture of synthetic sheet material having a textured surface and suited for use as floor or wall covering. The technique in accordance with the invention includes the printing of a decoration on a support member and the applying of a transparent plastisol in the form of a discontinuous layer over and in accordance with the decoration. The invention also contemplates the application of a continuous wear layer which, in the final product, will either be disposed between the discontinuous transparent plastisol and the decoration or will cover the discontinuously applied plastisol which provides the textured effect.

Abstract: A roofing system and construction wherein a waterproof membrane consisting of an impervious base sheet being applied directly to the surface of a roof deck. The waterproof membrane is a heavy duty material having a high strength heat resistant mesh throughout and integral in the membrane. This base sheet membrane has a bottom surface of self-adhesive rubberized material and, upon application of the base sheet membrane to the roof deck, results in a permanent bond between the roof deck and the base sheet membrane. An insulation layer of sprayed insulating foam is applied directly to the top of the base sheet membrane and the chemical composition of the spray foam and the chemical composition of the base sheet upper surface further provides for a permanent and continuing bond therebetween upon the application of said insulating foam.The foam thickness is determined by the specified installation demands for the roof system design.

Abstract: A foam and flame-breakable resin composition comprising a non-inflammable agent, an auxiliary non-inflammable agent, a foaming agent, an ash coagulating agent and a resin system consisting essentially of a blend of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate having a high melt viscosity with the vinyl acetate content being between 40 to 80 weight percent and the molecular weight being more than 200,000, and polyvinyl chloride in a ratio of copolymer to polyvinyl chloride of 2:8 to 7:3. The composition may be further subjected to vulcanization treatment.

Abstract: A resinous composition for preparing opaque films which consists of a film-forming material in which there is dispersed discrete cellular particles. Each particle is composed of non-opaque, film-forming material, such as acrylic resins, and contains therein one or more cells, having an average diameter of less than 15 microns, which serve to scatter incident light rays. The particulate matter is easily dispersed in the film-forming material by means of conventional mixing procedures.

Abstract: Raised prints and graphic designs on fabrics which can safely and effectively be drycleaned and washed are provided by formulating a cross-linkable polymer printing medium with about 1 to 45 weight percent thermally expandable microspheres, applying said medium to a fabric, heating at a temperature of about 180.degree. to 250.degree. F to expand the microspheres and cross-link the polymer, and then curing for about 1 minute at a temperature of about 300.degree. F.

Abstract: A metallized polymeric article in which the metal coating is more firmly adhered is provided by disposing between the polymeric substrate and the metal top coat a poromeric adhesive coating. The poromeric adhesive coating is produced by coating onto the substrate a solution or dispersion of a polymer which when coagulated by exposure to an atmosphere of a suitably high relative humidity coagulates to form a poromeric adhesive coating.

Abstract: Microcapsules having controlled structural integrity are produced by a process which involves admixing a thermosetting condensation polymer-containing oily solution and a polymer-containing aqueous solution and causing a chemical reaction between the polymers at the resulting oil/water interface. The microcapsules are activated and cured to provide opacifiers having excellent water resistance and may be employed as opacifying agents in coatings and particularly in paint films.

Abstract: A process for preparing a resilient foamed imaged printing master is provided. The process comprises depositing a conversion imaging fluid in image configuration on a printing master, said conversion fluid comprising an expandable polymer containing an encapsulated blowing agent and activating said blowing agent to expand said polymer and form a resilient foamed developed image.

Abstract: A shoe upper having in place of the upper leather thereof a fleeceless water vapor permeable microporous sheet of elastomeric polyurethane material having a thickness of about 0.8 - 1.8 mm. and having an extension at break of at least 200%.

Abstract: A continuous dyeing process for use in dyeing material, such as carpet, a selected one of a number of colors. The process is performed by providing at least two dye applicator means, advancing a length of material to be dyed along a predetermined path adjacent the applicator means, operating one of the applicator means a predetermined period of time to apply one color dye to the length of material moving along the predetermined path, fixing the first color dye to the length of material, operating the other one of the dye applicator means for a predetermined period of time to apply a second color dye to a length of material moving along the predetermined path, and fixing the second color dye to the length of material. The dye is applied in a foam mixture having predetermined amounts of dye material, predetermined amounts of a thickening material, predetermined amounts of water and predetermined amounts of air processed in a mixing apparatus to develop a foam mixture.

Abstract: A non-woven fabric floor having the desirable attributes of a non-woven carpet construction combined with the desirable attributes of a decorative thermoplastic surface covering and a method for its production are described.

Abstract: Fabric is coated with a cellular blend of polyvinyl chloride resin and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber, the said rubber component being vulcanized; the coating is buffed to expose the cells and thereby produce an artificial suede finish. The presence of the cured butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber in the composition eliminates the undesirable "glint" or shine that would otherwise be present, and gives a desirable flat finish. If an additional noncellular layer of the blend of polyvinyl chloride resin and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber is interposed between the base fabric and the cellular surface layer, the abrasion resistance of the laminate is enhanced.

Abstract: Polyisocyanurate foams are produced by admixing from separate sources, an organic polyisocyanate, a diol, and a catalytic composition which comprises an alkali metal carboxylate and polyoxyethylene polyol.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the production of surface covering materials having a textured effect which comprises (a) applying a layer of a first foamable resinous composition on to a substrate; (b) applying a second foamable resinous composition on to selected areas of the surface of the said first foamable resinous composition; (c) applying at least one essentially non-foaming layer over the said first and second foamable resinous compositions; and (d) heating to effect foaming of the first and second foamable resinous compositions whereby a surface covering material having a textured effect is produced; the said first and second foamable resinous compositions being selected whereby upon heating substantial foaming of the said second foamable resinous compositions occurs before any substantial foaming of the said first foamable resinous composition.