Abstract: A fabric is resin-impregnated by placing it between a liquid resin surface and an evacuated space. The fabric can be laid on top of or passed continuously over a liquid resin surface, the resin being heated to a temperature at which it flows readily. A pre-preg produced according to the method can be laminated with other pre-preg or fabric layers into board, but several fabric layers can be impregnated together to form a thick pre-preg.

Abstract: A method of treating a woody material which comprises treating a woody material with a treating agent composed of a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound. In an alternative embodiment, the treating agent is composed of (1) a mixture or reaction product of a polymeric compound and/or a compound having the ability to form a polymeric compound and a phosphonic acid compound and (2) at least one member selected from the group consisting of silicon-containing inorganic compounds, magnesium-containing inorganic compounds, calcium-containing inorganic compounds, penetrants, film crack preventing agents, formaldehyde-capturing agents, acid catalysts, antifoamers, mold releasing agents and other fire retardants.

Abstract: A method for impregnating textile materials made from organic fibers which comprises impregnating the textile materials with a composition containing a crosslinkable diorganopolysiloxane, an organopolysiloxane containing at least 3 Si-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule, a crosslinking catalyst, and an organo(poly)siloxane containing 1 or 2 Si-bonded hydrogen atoms and 2 to 8 silicon atoms per molecule, in which the composition is free of a filler having a surface area greater than 50 g/m.sup.2 in an amount greater than 1 weight percent based on the weight of the organosilicon compounds and thereafter crosslinking the crosslinkable diorganopolysiloxane to form a coating thereon.

Abstract: A method of impregnating a flexible, porous cellulosic sheet material involves passing the sheet through a low viscosity resin and across the resonant vibrating surface and through a cavitated zone in close proximity to at least one completely immersed ultrasonic wave generator, operating at a frequency and radiated power level effective to provide a combination vibratory pressure on the resin and cavitation effect causing degassing and heating of the resin, followed by passing the impregnated sheet through a drying means.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions in the form of a powder are produced from the following components:______________________________________ Component Parts by Weight ______________________________________ Aldehyde 70-140 Ammonium phosphate 50-250 Ammonium, alkali metal or 50-250 alkaline earth metal compound or salt Urea reactant 70-190 Hydroxy reactant 20-60 Phosphoric acid 150-250 ______________________________________Also provided are retardant compositions containing the powder and methods for treating substrates, such as paper or wood, as well as cotton, wool, and synthetic textiles to impart fire retardant properties thereto.

Abstract: A textile finishing composition comprising (1) a diluent and (2) a durable press resin composition containing (a) an aminoplast resin and (b) an aldehyde. The textile finishing composition is combined with an acid catalyst and applied to textile materials to impart softness, improved wetting properties and durable press properties.The textile finishing composition is applied at lower than normal dry add-on levels to textile materials to provide textile materials having lower levels of formaldehyde.

Abstract: Fabric is padded with a solution of nitrogen rich N-methylol crosslinking agent, acid catalyst, antimony oxide and a halogen containing alcohol; dried at about 140.degree.-190.degree. F. and then cured at about 250.degree.-400.degree. F. for sufficient time to impart smooth-dry and flame retardant properties to said fabric. Aqueous polyethylene or silicone emulsion softeners can be added to the padding solution if desired. Glycol, polyol and dibromoneophentyl glycol make exemplary halogen containing alcohols. The process can also be varied to first pad with antimony oxide, dry, and then repad with a solution of: nitrogen rich N-methylol crosslinking agent, acid catalyst, and a halogen containing alcohol, dry again and cure, at the temperatures specified supra.

Abstract: An improved polymeric latex coating composition, which substantially comprises an aqueous emulsion of alkyl acrylate monomers; copolymerized with acrylonitrile, itaconic acid, and N-methylol acrylamide; and containing a glyoxal curing resin and an acid catalyst, substantially reduces the evolution of formaldehyde and exhibits good durability.

Abstract: This invention is to a process for sizing textile materials by treatment with copolymers, and/or multipolymers, of acrylamide, the products thereby obtained and the sizing compositions used.

Abstract: A method for producing a polishing pad is disclosed. The method involves uniformly fully impregnating a fibrous batt with an aqueous polyurethane dispersion, coagulating the polyurethane dispersion to form an impregnant and drying the impregnant. The aqueous polyurethane dispersion may include colloidal silica. Heat and pressure are applied simultaneously to at least one surface of the impregnant to form a composite having a bulk density approaching the actual density of the impregnant at the polishing surface while maintaining microporosity throughout the structure. An adhesive is applied to the surface opposing the polishing surface to form an adhesive backed polishing pad. The polishing pad is comprised of a polymer homogeneously impregnated fibrous batt with the polishing surface having a bulk density approaching its actual density.

Abstract: An elastomeric silicone finish is prepared from a silicone system comprising a blend of silanols and crosslinable silicone intermediates. The blend is applied to the desired substrate and thereafter catalyzed and cured to obtain an elastomeric finish.

Abstract: A method for producing a melamine-formaldehyde resin by reacting crystalline melamine and solid formaldehyde in a single pass reactor, the resin produced by said process and a reinforcing substrate coated with said melamine-formaldehyde resin, are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel phosphonic acid salts produced from ethane- or methanephosphonic acid, dicyandiamide and/or guanidine and optionally ammonia and corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein n, p, q, t and y are each 1 or 2, are particularly suitable for fireproofing organic fibre materials. Synthetic and/or cellulose-containing fibre materials are treated with an aqueous solution of the phosphonic acid salts and are then dried preferably at 60.degree. to 200.degree. C. The applied phosphonic acid salts impair only negligibly the textile-mechanical properties of the treated fibre materials, especially of the cellulose-containing fibre materials dried at 120.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A fabric is produced by coating a synthetic substrate fabric with a milled combination of 75 parts fully reacted polyurethane and 25 parts polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), which product fabric has a large plurality of pores of about 0.2-0.3 microns, and provides high levels of thermal and vapor transmission through the fabric while being highly water repellent. The present fabric is useful in a single ply application for a wide range of apparel and camping goods.

Abstract: A method for improving properties of a cellulosic textile fabric is disclosed. The fabric is first impregnated with an aqueous emulsion of a carboxyfunctional silicone fluid stabilized by a nonionic surfactant having a particular HLB value, and then heated to crosslink the carboxyfunctional silicone fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new condensation products of(A) 1 mole of a highly etherified hexamethylol melamine and(B) 3 to 6 moles of a thiol of the formulaR.sub.f --X--SH, (1)Rf standing for perfluorinated alkyl with 4 to 14 C-atoms and X for divalent ethylene or isopropylene radicals, wherein the components (A) and (B) are reacted under increasing temperature up to at least 145.degree. C. within a period of at least 40 minutes.In form of their aqueous dispersions, the condensation products are suitable for oil- and water-repellent finishing of fibrous, preferably textile materials.

Abstract: What are disclosed are a method for the reinforcement of a fibrous article with an aqueous dispersion of a resin, free of formaldehyde and acrylonitrile, comprising at least 40 weight percent of alkyl acrylates and/or methacrylates having at least 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group; up to 57 weight percent of alkyl acrylates or methacrylates having not more than 3 carbon atoms in the alkyl group, or of styrene; less than 1 weight percent of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid; and from 3 to 15 weight percent of a hydroxyalkyl ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid, as well as reinforced fibrous articles made by this method and distinguished by high wet strength and by low loss of the resin binder on washing with boiling water.

Abstract: Articles having improved resistance to water can be obtained from fibre materials by using carboxylated rubber latices having particle diameters of less than 200 nm which have been produced by one-step polymerization at pH-values below 7 in the presence of mono-nuclear alkylaryl sulfonates and oil-soluble initiators.

Abstract: An absorbent composition comprising the reaction product at elevated temperature and pressure of hydrolyzed starch polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol in the amount of between about 3% and 20%. The resulting composition exhibits good fluid absorbency and fast wicking properties and is particularly useful in producing absorbent laminated film for use in diapers, paper towels and the like. The present invention also relates to an improved absorbent laminated film prepared with the above absorbent composition and a method for preparing such absorbent laminated film.

Abstract: An improved method of treating fabrics made with natural fibers using hydroxymethylsulfonate to render the fabrics wrinkle resistant. According to the improved process, an alkylene glycol is incorporated in the sodium hydroxymethyl sulfonate padding bath used to impregnate the fabric thereby surprisingly reducing the amount of extractable formaldehyde from the dried fabrics.

Abstract: A baking and cooking tray sheet comprises a base stock of neutral paper or cardboard weighing 150 to 500 g/m.sup.2 on the dry basis , and a barrier layer provided thereon and composed mainly of a polyvinyl alcohol and/or starch and a water-resisting agent. A coating layer of silicone resin is further applied on the barrier layer. The tray sheet should have a water vapor permeability of greater than 100 g/m.sup.2 for 24 hours and an air permeability of greater than 5,000 seconds. The tray sheet is prepared by the steps of coating one or both sides of the base stock with a coating liquid composed mainly of a polyvinyl alcohol and/or starch and a water-resisting agnet, followed by drying, and of applying one side of the resultant sheet with a coating liquid of silicone resin, followed by drying.

Abstract: Hydrophobic fibers are prepared by treating fibers with a composition containing an organopolysiloxane having Si-bonded hydrogen atoms as essentially its only reactive group, and a platinum catalyst which is inhibited by a compound which is volatile under the conditions at which the organopolysiloxane containing Si-bonded hydrogen atoms is deposited on the fiber.

Abstract: A method for producing elastomeric foils by continuously impregnating a non-woven fabric with a resinous composition in liquid form selected from the group consisting of (a) a resin based on polyhydroxy compounds or polyamines or mixtures thereof and polyisocyanates, (b) resins based or polyhydroxy compounds or polyamines or polycarboxyl compounds or mixtures thereof and polyepoxides and (c) an impregnating mixture based on rubber latex, drying and curing the impregnated fabric freely suspended in hot air and removing the dried foil which is useful as an intermediate layer in the bonding of objects with a high E-molulus and the bonded object per se.

Abstract: Novel phosphonic acid salts produced from ethane- or methanephosphonic acid, dicyandiamide and/or guanidine and optionally ammonia and corresponding to the formula ##STR1## wherein n, p, q, t and y are each 1 or 2, are particularly suitable for fireproofing organic fibre materials. Synthetic and/or cellulose-containing fibre materials are treated with an aqueous solution of the phosphonic acid salts and are then dried preferably at 60.degree. to 200.degree. C. The applied phosphonic acid salts impair only negligibly the textile-mechanical properties of the treated fibre materials, especially of the cellulose-containing fibre materials dried at 120.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the treatment of fibres e.g. of nylon or polyester/cotton in which the fibres are contacted with a polydiorganosiloxane having at least one --OM group, in which M represents H, alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, and at least one quaternary ammonium salt substituent --RN.sup.+ (R").sub.2 R'X.sup.- in which R represents a divalent hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, R' represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or an alkyleneoxy or polyalkyleneoxy group, each R" represents methyl or ethyl and X represents a halogen atom.The treatment facilitates the removal of oily stains during laundering and may be applied in conjunction with other silicones.

Abstract: A process by which 1-hydroxy-2-pyridinethione (pyrithione) can be deposited in cellulosic textiles in a water-insoluble form is disclosed. A polyamine is used to keep a zinc complex of pyrithione in aqueous solution prior to and during its application to textiles; when the solution also contains urea, heating fabric impregnated with the solution converts the pyrithione complex to an insoluble material. Fabric treated by the process has high bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity, and retains antimicrobial properties after repeated laundering.

Abstract: A process for accelerating the drying of a wet hydrophilic substrate, e.g. in a washing process, comprising the steps of(i) applying to the wet substrate by an exhaust process 0.05 to 1.0 per kg dry weight of substrate of a mixture comprising a cationic agent having affinity for the fibres and an emulsified polyethylene wax in an aqueous medium, and(ii) subsequently drying the substrate.

Abstract: A process for imparting antimicrobial properties to a material comprises applying to the material an external binder system having dissolved therein a salt of a monocarboxylate antimicrobial agent, and then applying to the material a water-proofing treatment having dissolved therein a substantially nonantimicrobial proton donor.

Abstract: An absorbent, highly wettable, bioactive fabric useful as a surgical drape, dressing or the like comprised of a non-cellulosic substrate having a non-leachable silicone quaternary bioactive compound together with a hydrophilic organosilicone terpolymer incorporated thereon is described. The fabric is used to isolate a surgical incision site and provides an absorbent antimicrobial field to destroy migrating and cross-contaminating bacteria, fungi and algae. Procedures for producing the fabric are also disclosed.

Abstract: A coating composition, comprising an aqueous dispersion of a pigment such as clay and a binder such as a latex of a copolymer of styrene and butadiene thickened with a water-soluble copolymer of an .alpha.,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid such as acrylic acid, an ethylenically unsaturated carboxamide such as acrylamide and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having limited solubility in water such as acrylonitrile, is effectively employed in coating paper and other cellulosic web materials.

Abstract: A process for coating a substrate which comprises coating the substrate with a solution containing an organic solvent and(1) a diorganopolysiloxane having terminal SiC-bonded vinyl groups,(2) an organopolysiloxane having at least 3 Si-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule,(3) a catalyst which promotes the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic multiple bond; and optionally(4) an agent which delays or retards the addition of Si-bonded hydrogen to an aliphatic multiple bond at room temperature,(5) a diorganopolysiloxane having a viscosity of at least 10.sup.6 mPa.s at 25.degree. C. in which a vinyl group is bonded to a silicon atom in 0.033 to 3.33 percent of the diorganosiloxane units, while the other organic radicals in the diorganosiloxane units of the diorganopolysiloxane are free of aliphatic multiple bonds, and(6) an organosilicon adhesive compound.

Abstract: The removal of oily soil from textile fibres which have been treated with organosiloxanes, e.g. for improved handle or crease recovery, is facilitated if the fibres are also treated with an organosilane of the general formulaY.sub.3 SiRN.sup.+ (R").sub.2 R'X.sup.-in which Y is hydrocarbon, alkoxy or alkoxyalkoxy, at least one Y being alkoxy or alkoxyalkoxy, R represents a divalent hydrocarbon or hydrocarbonoxy group, R' represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group or an alkyleneoxy or polyalkyleneoxy group, each R" represents methyl or ethyl and X represents a halogen atom.

Abstract: There is disclosed a flame retardant composition suitable for application to a variety of textile and textile related products. The formulation is a water based liquid polymeric concentrate comprising about 35-65 parts of ammonium phosphate, about 10-30 parts of ammonium sulfate, about 40-60 parts of an alkanolamine, about 40-60 parts of phosphoric acid, about 20-40 parts of an aldehyde, in 100-140 parts by weight of water.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel method for finishing fabrics of not only synthetic but also natural, e.g. cotton, fibers to be imparted with improved touch of softness, slipperiness and sliminess durable against laundering. The method is characterized by the use of a specific organopolysiloxane as the fabric-finishing agent. The organopolysiloxane is a linear diorganopolysiloxane having at least one amino-substituted hydrocarbon group such as an aminopropyl group as the pendant group and the molecular chain ends of the molecule are terminated with alkoxy groups such as methoxy and ethoxy groups.

Abstract: An absorbent composition comprising the reaction product at elevated temperature and pressure of hydrolyzed starch polyacrylonitrile graft copolymer and a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerol in the amount of between about 3% and 20%. The resulting composition exhibits good fluid absorbency and fast wicking properties and is particularly useful in producing absorbent laminated film for use in diapers, paper towels and the like. The present invention also relates to an improved absorbent laminated film prepared with the above absorbent composition and a method for preparing such absorbent laminated film.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for sizing textile yarns by treatment with copolymers, and/or multipolymers, of acrylamide, and to the products thereby obtained. Said composition comprises an aqueous solution of a segmented copolymer of acrylamide and at least one vinyl or vinylidene polymerizable monomer, the amount of the monomer being at a concentration from about 1% to about 40%, based on the weight of acrylamide in the composition.

Abstract: Silylated organic polymers which may be applied to textile materials to impart hydrophilic properties thereto are prepared by reacting polymeric organic acids with silylated aminofunctional polyethers. The resultant composition may then be crosslinked to impart durable hydrophilic properties to textile materials treated therewith.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hard paper involves impregnating lengths of cellulose-containing material with plasticizer-containing mixture of a phenol-resol resin solution and cresol-resol resin solution according to a one-step method, subsequent drying, and then hardening of the resin-impregnated paper. The impregnating solution employed is a mixture of a 50-80% by weight phenol-resol resin solution with a 40-70% by weight cresol-resol resin solution, to which has been admixed, before impregnation, a plasticizer and additional water. The water is added in amounts of 4-12% by weight, based on the sum total weight of solid resins and plasticizer in the total solution mixture.

Abstract: Process for making fibrous material water repellent by treating it with an aqueous bath containing(A) an emulsified organo polysiloxane with at least 2 hydroxyl groups optionally modified in a manner able to cross-link,(B) a non-ionic emulsion of poly silicic acid ester,(C) a reaction product which has been obtained by reaction of an organic compound containing at least one halohydrin and/or epoxy group with an organic compound containing hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen, which in form of its salt is water-soluble or at least water-dispersible.The treated material is dried and optionally cured.

Abstract: A method of making a hydrophobic membrane comprising stabilizing a hydrophobic latex binder by admixture with a fugitive, heat decomposable, hydrophilic surfactant which upon heating yields a hydrophobic residue; applying the latex thus stabilized to a hydrophobic web or substrate of non-woven fibers and then heating the coated web to decompose the surfactant to provide a dry hydrophobic web containing the hydrophobic residue of the surfactant.

Abstract: A resin impregnated fibrous web is comprised of a needled fibrous batt and a polymeric resin distributed throughout the batt. The density of the impregnated web is uniform throughout with the bulk density of the web being less than the actual density of the web whereby the web is porous. The impregnated web has filaments which are both coated and uncoated with the polymeric resin. A method of forming the impregnated fibrous web is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to 4-heterocyclyl-4'-vinylstilbenes of the formula ##STR1## wherein Q is a monocyclic 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups and which contains no fused benzene rings or 1 or 2 fused benzene rings, or is a bicyclic 9-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring, phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, or is cyano, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl or alkylsulfonyl or arylsulfonyl, R.sub.o is hydrogen, alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl or sulfonamide, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, or is alkenyl, carboxyl, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl or aralkylsulfonyl, cyano, sulfo or phosphonic acid dialkyl ester, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by non-chromophoric groups, with the proviso that at most one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: A process for rendering cellulosic material water repellent that requires no subsequent neutralization step while retaining the desired water repellent and strength characteristics thus provided by selecting a cellulosic material having a water content of up to about 10%, preferably below about 2% and contacting the material with vapors of a lower alkyl silicon halide during which contacting the concentration and temperature of the halide vapor, the pressure within the treating chamber and the contact time are all maintained so as to provide a water repellent cellulosic material having a pH greater than 2.5. In one aspect of the invention, the cellulosic material subjecting to contacting is substantially frozen and in another aspect contacting is conducted under vacuum.

Abstract: The invention herein relates to a thermoplastic suitable for setting bandages and a solventless process for the manufacture of setting bandages therewith. The thermoplastic composition comprises a saturated linear polyester and a resin with low crystallizability and a low softening temperature. The setting bandage made according to this invention can be easily applied to injured parts of a body and the cast resulting therefrom is light, inert, waterproof, ventilative, rigid and shockproof. A method for the manufacture of said setting bandages without the use of solvents is also described in detail.

Abstract: A composition comprising a mixture of a curable urea-aldehyde resin or other crosslinking agent and a nitroalkanol or nitroalkane and having particular utility for treating textiles and non-woven cellulose products to provide permanent press and wrinkle-resistant characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing a rigid orthopedic cast in which a bandage material is provided which is impregnated or coated in the form of webs or sheets with a solvent solution of a polyurethane prepolymer, a bifunctional chain-extender and a catalyst. The prepolymer urethane having two isocyanate end groups, being formed by the reaction of a bifunctional compound reactive with an isocyanate group with a molar excess of a diisocyanate, forms a final thermoplastic polymer in the presence of the chain-extender when the solvent is removed under evaporative conditions. The heated thermoplastic impregnated fabric can be wrapped in multiple layers under normal conditions around a broken body member, molded and cooled to form a strong, rigid supportive cast which is porous so as to prevent skin maceration or other medical ramifications related to a non-porous material.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for coating porous webs, wherein an aqueous, spreadable composition which has a pH value of 3 to 6 and contains at least (A) an emulsion copolymer comprising (a) an alkyl acrylate, (b) acrylonitrile, (c) an ethylenically unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid and/or the unsubstituted or methylated N-methylolamide of these carboxylic acids and (d) optionally another copolymerizable unsaturated compound which is free from acid groups, (B) an organic solvent which is insoluble to at most slightly soluble in water and has a boiling point between 50.degree. and 160.degree. C. and a molecular weight of 50 to 160, and (C), if desired, a polyfunctional crosslinking aminoplast precondensate or epoxide, is applied to the web, dried and then cured, the web also being impregnated if desired, either before or after coating, but prior to curing, with an agent for imparting hydrophobic and/or oleophobic properties, and dried. The coatings are stable to drycleaning.

Abstract: An organopolysiloxane composition comprising(A) at least one diorganopolysiloxane containing Si-bonded terminal hydroxyl groups,(B) at least one organosilane of the general formula RSiR'.sub.n X.sub.3-n, in which R represents a monovalent group containing carbon, hydrogen, aminonitrogen and possibly oxygen, which contains at least 2 amino groups that are bonded to silicon via silicon-carbon bond, R' represents an alkyl or aryl group, X represents the same or different alkyl or substituted alkyl groups having from 1 to 14 carbon atoms which are bonded to silicon via oxygen, n is 0 or 1 and/or partial hydrolysates thereof,(C) at least one organosilane other than (B), having at least three oxime groups and, if desired,(D) at least one condensation catalyst and an organic solvent, and a process for treating organic fibers therewith.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a non-woven fabric comprising impregnating a non-woven fibrous web with an aqueous binding agent dispersion containing, as coagulation agent, a polyurethane having a weight average molecular weight of from 500 to 20,000 which is the reaction product of(i) a polyoxyalkylated aliphatic amine containing d nitrogen atoms, where d is 1 to 5, and where d is greater than 1, each nitrogen atom is connected with the next by a (C.sub.2-4) alkylene moiety and from d+1 to d+2 polyoxy(C.sub.2-4)alkylene units, with the proviso that the molecule contains C.sub.2 alkyleneoxy units and C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 alkyleneoxy units with the C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 units forming the majority of alkyleneoxy units, and(ii) from 0.1 mols to 2 mols per mol of (i) but not exceeding the stoichiometric amount of a polyisocyanate,which product is optionally in quaternized form and, is present in an amount of from 0.

Abstract: A mulch blanket includes randomly oriented organic fibers held by a non-toxic biodegradable polymer binder. A method of forming the mulch blanket includes the steps of randomly laying short organic fibers in an elongated pile along a predetermined path and arranging the top exposed surface of the pile to be flat. A non-toxic biodegradable polymeric binder is then sprayed over the top exposed surface, curing the binder, and then the blanket is peeled off the pile.