Abstract: An electrically conductive fiber having an electric resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.12 ohm/cm or less under a D.C. voltage of 1 K.V., contains copper (I) iodide which has been deposited in the inside of at least the peripheral surface layer of an electrically non-conductive fiber matrix by contacting iodine with copper (I) ions therein.

Abstract: The high temperature properties of an article having at least a portion of its surface formed of an arylene sulfide polymer is improved by treating such article with a treating agent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hypochlorite, sulfuric acid, chlorine, sulfuryl chloride, nitrogen dioxide, chromium trioxide, alkali metal permanganates and nitric acid under conditions of concentration of treating agent, time and temperature to effect the desired improvement. Treated articles such as coated substrates and moldings exhibit increased high temperature surface hardness. Articles such as fibers, yarns, fabrics and films exhibit infusibility at 700.degree. F. (371.degree. C.).

Abstract: A process for preparing a semipermeable membrane, which comprises contacting a thin polyamine film applied to a liquid-permeable microporous substrate with a polyalicyclic diisocyanate or polyalicyclic dicarbonyl halide capable of reacting with the amino or imino groups in the polyamine, thereby to crosslink the polyamine at the surface portion of the thin film.

Abstract: A heat-curable multilayer composite sheet comprising a layer comprising one or more unsaturated compounds which are normally solid or liquid free radical reactive unsaturated compounds and a layer comprising a normally solid or liquid free radical initiator, the layers being bonded to each other as a laminate as separate layers at a temperature at which the free radical initiator does not lose its free radical reaction-initiating capability, and,a process for preparing a heat-curable multilayer composite sheet, which comprises coating a layer-forming material containing a normally solid or liquid free radical reactive unsaturated compound on a strippable sheet to form an unsaturated compound material layer on the strippable sheet, coating a layer-forming material containing a normally solid or liquid free radical initiator on a strippable sheet to form a free initiator layer on the strippable sheet, bringing the unsaturated compound material layer into contact with the free radical initiator layer, and bondin

Abstract: A novel metal modified novolak resin is prepared. The metal modified novolak resin is an electron acceptor and is further characterized by its compatability with the surface properties of a paper substrate. The metal modified novolak resin comprises a reaction product of a novolak resin and a metal salt. The novolak resin is a reaction product of a mixture containing a para-substituted phenol selected from the group consisting of paraalkylphenols having alkyl groups of about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, para-phenylphenol and mixtures thereof, salicylic acid and formaldehyde.The novel metal modified novolak resin is prepared by heating a mixture containing one or more para-substituted phenols, salicylic acid, formaldehyde and an acid catalyst for a period of time sufficient to substantially completely react the phenols, salicylic acid and formaldehyde to form a melted novolak resin. The melted novolak resin is mixed with a zinc salt in an inert atmosphere to form the metal modified novolak resin.

Abstract: A process for heterogenizing a metal salt or organometallic complex catalyst of the type containing a group VIII metal comprising the steps of radiation grafting a monomer having a .alpha. unsaturated bond to a metal or an organic polymer and complexing a nitrogen, halogen or phosphorous containing group to the monomer with the metal salt or organometallic complex. The resultant catalysts being useful in the hydrogenation, hydroformylation, isomerization, cracking or dehydrogenation of organic molecules.

Abstract: A novel metal modified novolak resin is prepared. The metal modified novolak resin is an electron acceptor and is further characterized by its compatability with the surface properties of a paper substrate. The metal modified novolak resin comprises a reaction product of a novolak resin and a metal salt. The novolak resin is a reaction product of a mixture containing a para-substituted phenol selected from the group consisting of paraalkylphenols having alkyl groups of about 1 to about 12 carbon atoms, paraphenylphenol and mixtures thereof, salicylic acid and formaldehyde.The novel metal modified novolak resin is prepared by heating a mixture containing one or more para-substituted phenols, salicylic acid, formaldehyde and an acid catalyst for a period of time sufficient to substantially completely react the phenols, salicylic acid and formaldehyde to form a melted novolak resin. The melted novolak resin is mixed with a zinc salt in a inert atmosphere to form the metal modified novolak resin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of bonding two fluoropolymer membrane sheets. According to the disclosed method, a third sheet is contacted with a base and then interposed between the two membrane sheets. The two membrane sheets may also be contacted with a strong base. The resulting sandwich of three sheets is heated and pressed to effect the bond.

Abstract: The thermoplastic polymer employed in this invention is a rubber modified unsaturated carboxylic acid or anhydride containing polymer which is prepared by polymerizing the monomers in the presence of the rubber in a finely divided form. The surface to be metallized is first aminated with aqueous hydroxylamine or hydrazine, then treated with a noble metal salt solution and thereafter treated with a reducing agent, as needed, to produce a metallized surface having a resistance of 100 ohms/sq. or less. The metallized surface can then be further plated by conventional means.

Abstract: The cross-linking of a moulded object based on polymeric materials is effected by heating the object in the presence of a liquid medium containing one or more peroxides under conditions that cause penetration, and the heating is continued at increasing temperatures to cause a homogeneous cross-linking.Employable peroxides are substantially stable under the first heating step but are cleaved into free radicals during the second heating step, at least the cross-linking step being carried out with the object enclosed in a liquid of approximately the same density as the polymeric material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for adhesively securing an open mesh, woven nylon or polyester scrim fabric to avoid distortion or movement of the individual yarns or thread members of said fabric said method comprising applying to said fabric a coating of a dispersion of a carboxylated copolymer of chloroprene and methacrylic acid and drying said coating thereby bonding the warp and fill yarns of said fabric together at their cross over points.

Abstract: A composition and method for the pre-treatment of rubber surfaces prior to application of adhesive, the composition comprising a halogen substituted isocyanuric acid (preferably trichloroisocyanuric acid) and a non-halogenated sulphonamide (preferably paratoluenesulphonamide).

Abstract: A substrate is coated with a polyvinylpyrollidone-polyurethane interpolymer. In the method, a polyisocyanate and a polyurethane in a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone are applied to a substrate and the solvent evaporated. If the substrate is a polyurethane, only the polyisocyanate need be employed. Polyvinylpyrollidone in a solvent is then applied to the treated substrate and the solvent evaporated. The invention is applied, for example, to a tube such as a catheter, a condom and a peristaltic pump tube.

Abstract: A surface hardening coating composition for cellulosic plastics, comprising as a hardening component a mixture consisting of (a) methylolmelamine with at least part of its methylol groups optionally alkyl-etherified and (b) 0.1 to 1.5 equivalents, per equivalent of the methylolmelamine, of an aliphatic or alicyclic compound having at least two functional groups capable of reacting with the methylol groups or alkyl ethers thereof, and/or a precondensation product between the components (a) and (b). Shaped articles of cellulosic plastics having superior abrasion resistance and flexibility can be prepared by coating the surface of a shaped article of cellulosic plastics with the above composition and baking the coated article at a temperature from 60.degree. C. to the heat distortion temperature of the article.

Abstract: An apparatus and process are provided for the safe, economic and pollution-free exposure of articles to reactive gaseous fluids to alter their surface characteristics. The articles are exposed to one or more fluids which are transferred back and forth from a reaction chamber to a holding chamber. As the fluids are transferred they pass through a trap designed to remove reaction-by-products without affecting valuable reactant fluids. Since the fluids can be transferred under vacuum and the overall reaction can take place at relatively low temperatures, the process provides a convenient and safe method for handling reactive fluids. The process is particularly useful for the halogenation, for example fluorination, of a variety of articles, such as plastic containers, aerosol bottles and films to improve their barrier resistance to solvents and gases.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a heat-stable polymer coating. The process consists essentially of applying, in a decorative pattern, an oxidation catalyst composition which diffuses into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and renders the pattern visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: A process treats a normally hydrophobic polymeric surface with a special phosphoric acid composition having a P.sub.2 O.sub. 5 concentration of 70-82% to make the polymeric surface hydrophilic and thus receptive to metal coatings. The process is especially suitable for surfaces of fluorocarbon polymers, such as tetrafluoroethylene and trifluorochloroethylene, and copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a coating produced by a heat-stable polymer coating composition. The process consists of applying a heat-stable polymer composition as a subsequent coat over or directly under an antioxidant composition which diffuses into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and renders the pattern visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: The appearance of a heat-stable polymer coating is enhanced by a process which produces a decorative pattern within a coating produced by a heat-stable polymer coating composition. The process consists of applying a heat-stable polymer composition as a subsequent coat over or directly under an antioxidant composition and an oxidation catalyst composition which are both arranged in decorative patterns and which diffuse into the heat-stable polymer coating composition and render the patterns visible, upon baking, within the baked coat produced by the coating composition.

Abstract: A material which has two reactive groups, one of which is reactive with the irst of two dissimilar polymeric materials but not the second and the other of which is reactive with the second but not the first, is utilized to bind layers of the two polymeric materials together. The groups that are reactive with the first polymeric material are reacted with it as a layer of that material cures. Then a layer of the uncured second polymeric material is placed on the first and the groups that are reactive with it are reacted with it as it cures.

Abstract: An elastomeric or rigid polymeric material, such as a propellant, is strongly bonded to an incompatible material, such as a silicon rubber liner, when a long chain polymer which is insoluble in and unreactive with the liner but has groups reactive with the propellant is added to the liquid or uncured liner. As the liner cures, the polymer chain migrates to the surface. Upon laying the propellant on the surface and curing the propellant, the propellant is cross-linked to the long chain polymer, which is entangled in the rubber liner.

Abstract: This application describes a method of rejuvenating reticulated polyurethane materials, particularly those containing ester-type linkages which have been hydrolyzed after being exposed to moisture containing hydrocarbon fuel and/or highly humid environments. The process consists of treating the polyurethane with cross-linking compounds, such as diisocyanates and polyfunctional epoxy compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface modification of synthetic resin fiber form materials, notably polyolefin and polyacrylonitrile fiber form materials whose surface has been modified by treatment with elemental fluorine, and to the fluorination process.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for the metallizing of non-metallic substrates, i.e. polymeric substrates, by the coating of the substrate with polymerizable monomers in the presence of a small amount of silver ion. The substrate is cleaned, acid etched and then contacted with a monomer solution containing a soluble silver salt. The monomers are preferably polyfunctional and form a polymerized layer grafted onto the polymer substrate. A peroxide is also disclosed in the monomer solution for regeneration of the silver ion concentration and to combine with monomers to produce homopolymers which also attach to the active sites on the substrate and to side chains of the graft polymer. The grafted layer contains silver atoms closely bound to it and the silver atoms form nucleating agents for the deposition of copper from an electroless plating bath. The metallized substrate may then be further electroplated.

Abstract: A method for preventing adhesion of rubber or rubber-like material to adjacent surfaces comprises treating a surface of rubber or rubber-like material with an aqueous solution of at least one water soluble aromatic compound having at least one --SO.sub.2 -- group. A surface active agent may be included coexistently in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Treating cured silicone rubber with bromine water etches the normally low energy surface of the silicone rubber to produce a high energy surface to which various curable polymeric systems may be directly bonded.

Abstract: The adhesion of a polyurethane, such as a polyurethane paint, to an EPDM surface, is greatly improved if the EPDM is first chemically modified by mixing it with a halogen donating material, such as an N,N-dihalosulfonamide or a cyclic N-haloamide (e.g., a halogenated hydantoin), and subjecting the mixture to elevated temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to surface modification of synthetic resin fiberform materials, notably polyamide and polyester fiberform materials whose surface has been modified by treatment with elemental fluorine, and to the fluorination process.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the vapor barrier properties of a shaped article having relatively poor vapor barrier characteristics, said article shaped from a polymer having a plurality of carboxylic acid salt groups formed by the reaction of pendant carboxylic acid groups and a cation which compises:Displacing at least a portion of the cations in said polymer by contacting the surface of said shaped article with an effective proportion of an acid having a sufficient degree of ionization and for a time to displace said cation, thereby generating pendant carboxylic acid groups;Coating the contacted surface of said shaped article with an organic polyisocyanate;Bonding said organic polyisocyanate to said shaped article by reacting the isocyanate groups with said pendant carboxylic acid groups; andApplying a coating having vapor barrier characteristics to said shaped article.

Abstract: A device and method are disclosed for supplying water or moisture to the surfaces of fuser members comprising water-degradable silicone rubbers. The water or moisture produces a degradation product of the silicone rubber which is a release material for electroscopic resin toners used in xerographic copiers.

Abstract: Crosslinkable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins are rendered amenable to forming adherent laminates with crosslinkable silicone rubber by coating the surface of the ethylene-vinyl acetate resin with a solution of a silane or a member of the class of compounds known as polyfunctional monomers prior to adhering the resin to the silicone rubber.

Abstract: Crosslinkable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resins are rendered amenable to forming adherent laminates with cross-linkable silicone rubber by dusting the surface of either the resin or rubber, or both, with a bonding agent.

Abstract: A diffusion transfer image-receptive sheet comprising (a) a sheet of an alkali impermeable polymer having a surface portion converted into an alkali permeable state and (b) diffusion transfer nuclei incorporated in the alkali permeable surface portion.

Abstract: A process for the surface treatment of a rubber or synthetic resin containing ethylenic unsaturation by contacting the rubber or resin with an alkyl hypohalite and a compound containing an active hydrogen and a functional group, thereby improving or providing the rubber or resin in or with such properties as adhesion, printability, dyeability, flame retardation, self-extinction, antistatic property, weatherproofing, adsorbency, ion-exchangeability and anti-permeability.

Abstract: A method of surface treating elastomer surfaces comprises applying thereto a 4-substituted-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione preferably in solution. The treatment improves adhesion using normal elastomer adhesives, improves resistance to peeling with flexible paints and reduces the surface tack of the elastomer. The method is advantageous over prior art chlorination and halogen donor techniques particularly in that the triazoline diones are relatively non-corrosive and non-toxic.

Abstract: A process for treating the surface of a synthetic resin shaped article comprising contacting the surface of resin article with an alkyl hypohalite or with an alkyl hypohalite containing solid particles thereby providing the resin article with adhesiveness, hydrophilic property and other useful properties.

Abstract: A process for protecting, preserving, and renewing surfaces, especially rubber and other natural and synthetic polymers, leather, wood, painted surfaces and metal. An aqueous emulsion of an unsubstituted or substituted dimethylpolysiloxane fluid, or mixtures thereof, is used to thoroughly wet the surface to be protected. After a period of penetration, preferably about twenty four hours, the surface is rewetted and allowed to penetrate as in the first application. At least one additional application and penetration gives optimum protection.A unique preservative composition preferred for use in the above process is also provided. In addition to a dimethylpolysiloxane fluid aqueous emulsion as above described, the preservative also includes, based on the weight of the polysiloxane fluid, of from about 15% to about 65% by weight of one or more polyol compounds, preferably diethylene glycol and glycerin.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a light conducting element of synthetic resin in which a continuous change takes place in refractive index from the surface of the element toward its interior, which comprises bringing a transparent solid article of a network polymer which is in the incompletely polymerized state and contains 2 to 80% of a solvent-soluble component, into contact at its surface with a monomer capable of forming a polymer having a different refractive index from the network polymer thereby to cause the diffusion and migration of the monomer into the interior of the article through the contact surface, thereby setting up a gradient in the concentration of the monomer component in the interior of the above article which gradually decreases from the contact surface toward the interior, and simultaneously with, or after, this diffusion step, polymerizing the monomer in the interior of the article and completing the polymerization of the network polymer of the article.

Abstract: A method of obtaining alkaline battery separators. Such method comprises ultraviolet irradiation in the presence of a sensitizer and oxygen contained in the air of low density polyethylene film at ambient temperature and normal pressure to effect cross-linking and subsequently graft polymerizing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer into the irradiated film under the action of heat and compression of the film.

Abstract: A process for treating the surfaces of shaped articles of rubber, which comprises contacting the surfaces of shaped articles of rubber containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated double bonds, with an alkyl hypohalite.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for improving the water wicking and moisture transport properties of synthetic resins, e.g., fiber form polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, and polyacrylonitriles, which comprises sulfofluorinating said resins in a self-activating gaseous reaction medium containing from about 0.1-20% by volume elemental fluorine, 0.1-50% by volume of sulfur dioxide, 0-21% by volume oxygen, and the balance inert for providing from 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.9 to 1 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.3 milligrams fluorine and sulfur per square centimeter of resin surface.