Abstract: A mirror comprises a transparent glass sheet having a reflective metal coating deposited on the glass and a protective coating applied to the reflective coating. The protective coating comprises a paint having a residual internal stress S.sub.R equal to or less than 1 MPa, measured by the Cantilever method (as defined) at a temperature above its glass transition temperature. One suitable paint used in coating the mirror has the following composition:50% pigments:10% titanium dioxide45% barium sulphate25% talc15% lead pigment5% coloring pigment and carbon black15% binder100% epoxy resin ester with 45% castor oil35% solvents5% butanol and isobutanol95% xylene.The glass transition temperature of the paint is approximately 10.degree. C., the residual internal stress at 20.degree. C. is approximately 0.05 MPa and the Persoz hardness is approximately 120.

Abstract: A composite paint film formed on a steel sheet of an automotive vehicle body. The composite paint film comprises an electrodeposition paint film (I) coated on the steel sheet, and an intermediate coat paint film (II) coated on the first paint film. The electrodeposition paint film is formed of an epoxy-based cationic electrodeposition paint composition and has a minimum melt viscosity not less than 0.2 during hardening. The epoxy-based cationic electrodeposition paint composition includes an amine-added epoxy resin (1) of the type which may be hardened with a blocked isocyanate, a colloidal silica-containing gelled particulate (2), and an alkyltin ester compound of a liquid aliphatic carboxylic acid. The above-mentioned colloidal silica-containing gelled particulate is formed by dispersing a mixture of an acrylic copolymer having a hydrolizable alkoxysilane group and a cationic group and a cationic acidic colloidal silica in water to carry out a cross-linking reaction in particles of the colloidal silica.

Abstract: A process for heating and coating a weld joint in a pipe comprising placing an open heating and coating ring on the pipe over the center of the weld joint; the heating and coating ring being an articulated yoke adapted to encircle the pipe when the ring is in the closed position and comprising an upper yoke section and two side yoke sections which pivot with respect to the upper yoke section, a pair of releasable locking devices mounted on the upper yoke section for engaging the side yoke sections when the latter are pivoted outwardly away from each other to an open position of the ring thereby locking the side yoke sections in the open position; the upper yoke section having a powder dispensing system mounted thereon for later dispensing a powdered coating material therefrom onto the surface of the pipe; each side yoke section having an induction heating assembly mounted thereon, each induction heater assembly including an induction coil comprising a length of hollow copper tubing wound in an elliptical patt

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin continuous organic coating on metals, particularly on continuous metal bodies, so that the product obtained is weldable and resistant to corrosion as well as to the effect of strongly acid and strongly alkaline baths, while being punchable and paintable. The coating according to the invention comprises epoxy resins characterized by ultimate elongation higher than 10%, electrical insulation resistance less than 2000 Ohm/cm.sup.2, able to produce a continuous coating on the metal substrate with micro-roughnesses (Ra) of about 3 .mu.m--Ra being average roughness--and capable of withstanding for thirty minutes liquids with pH between 2 and 12.5.

Abstract: Silica products obtained from trivalent metal e.g. Al compounds and silica can be used as corrosion inhibitors or adhesion promoters for organic coatings on surfaces by way of no-rinse or phosphating treatment or as pigments.

Abstract: A method of improving epoxy resin compositions to provide a cured resin having improved glass transition temperature and toughness characteristics is provided. The method includes providing in an epoxy resin composition an effective amount of a 9,9-bis(hydroxphenyl)fluorene composition. The fluorene component acts as a chain extension agent and provides for increased glass transition temperature and less cross-link density. As a result, improved toughness occurs. In preferred applications a toughening agent is provided in the resin composition, to further enhance toughness. Preferred resin compositions, cured resins and methods of providing improved cured resins are also provided.

Abstract: Curable, high solids, liquid coating compositions are disclosed. The resinous binder comprises a copolymer of an alpha-olefin or cycloolefin and an olefinically unsaturated monoanhydride which may include a half-ester thereof. The coating compositions are useful as clear coats in color-plus-clear automotive coatings and have good humidity resistance and mar resistance.

Abstract: Poly(vinyl chloride) plastisol compositions modified with epoxy and acid anhydrides can be painted wet-on-wet with acid catalyzed, high solids enamel paints, followed by curing at 120.degree. C. or lower, to give strongly adherent products on electrodeposition coatings and dry, tack-free painted surface. The compositions are also stabilized by the addition of an imide, which provides storage stability at 40.degree. C. for more than three days.

Abstract: A method for bonding a rubber substrate to a metal substrate wherein a primer composition is first applied to the surface of said metal substrate and the rubber substrate is then bonded to the primer composition-containing metal substrate surface using a rubber-to-metal bonding adhesive, the improvement comprising employing as the primer composition a mixture comprising an epoxidized diene polymer having a molecular weight of about 500 to 30,000 and a resole type phenolic resin, in a weight ratio of about 2 to 100 parts of said diene polymer per 100 parts of said resole type phenolic resin.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aluminum surface for adhesive bonding which conts essentially of the steps of:(a) preparing an aqueous solution of an epoxy-functional silane;(b) degreasing a selected area of the surface;(c) wet abrading the selected area using the aqueous epoxy silane solution;(d) removing any residue from the selected area;(e) allowing the surface to air dry;(f) wiping an alcoholic solution of an amino-functional silane onto the selected area; and(g) allowing the surface to air dry.

Abstract: A process for coating a metallic substrate, characterized by applying on a metallic substrate a electrocoating paint, applying thereon a barrier coat comprising a film-forming thermoplastic resin other than a modified polyolefin resin and capable of forming a barrier coat film having a static glass transition temperature of 0.degree. to -75.degree. C., optionally applying on said barrier coat an intermediate coating paint and then applying thereon a top coating paint.

Abstract: Fire resistant tank apparatus is adapted for transportation and for installation above-ground to receive and dispense a liquid hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons, or the like, and includes a metallic tank having a lightweight wall structure, including an upright side wall or walls, a top wall and a bottom wall; first port structure on the top wall defining access porting to the tank interior; second support beneath the bottom wall to support the tank at an installation site; and fire resistant synthetic resinous material applied as a coating to the outer side or sides of the tank walls, and hardened to define a relatively lightweight shell enclosing the tank, the shell extending into adjacency with the first and second structures, the shell having thickness between about 1/4 inch and 1 inch.

Abstract: A coating method of an external surface of a vehicle body comprising steps of applying an urethane base coating material to a first area of the vehicle body to form an anti-chipping coating on the first area, applying an intercoating material including a solvent and an anti-sagging agent by spray to the the first area on which the anti-chipping coating has been formed and a second area of the vehicle body other than the first area to form an intercoating when the anti-chipping coating is in a wet condition. First intercoating material is applied to the first area to form one part of the intercoating. Second intercoating material is applied to the second area to form the other part of the intercoating. The first intercoating material is greater than the second intercoating material in an anti-sagging property so that the resultant coating has an improved smoothness and anti-chipping property.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for applying a protective coating to a substrate, such as metallic pipe, which comprises applying onto the substrate a liquid curable polymeric composition capable of curing to a substantial extent within about 24 hours at less than about 80.degree. C., then applying one or more polymeric layers, the innermost of which is capable of interacting with said curable composition, and permitting the composition to cure. In certain embodiments the polymeric layer is applied as a polymeric article, in other embodiments a multiple layer polymeric covering is applied over the curable composition.

Abstract: The invention concerns a plastic coated steel tube which contains at least one layer of a polyolefin which has been modified with a hydrolyzable silane, and also a method for preparing this tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of films having in their thickness at least two superimposed zones, including a semimetallic zone and an electrically insulating zone, by irradiating a polymer film by means of a high energy ion beam.It is possible by this process to produce semimetal (1)/insulant (2)/semimetal (3) structures by irradiating the polymer under vacuum by means of light ions or with a limited stopping power having an energy of at least 1 MeV/amu. It is also possible to obtain insulant (4)/semimetal (5)/insulant (6) structures by irradiating, in a confined atmosphere, the polymer by means of heavy ions or ions having a high energy loss with by energy of least 1 MeV/amu.By irradiating only certain zones of the film, it is thus possible to form embedded or surface-positioned electrical connections.

Abstract: A process for coating a metallic substrate, characterized by applying on a metallic substrate an electrocoating paint, applying thereon a barrier coat comprising a film-forming thermoplastic resin other than a modified polyolefin resin and capable of forming a barrier coat film having a static glass transition temperature of 0.degree. to -75.degree. C., optionally applying on said barrier coat an intermediate coating paint and then applying thereon a top coating paint.

Abstract: A coating method, which comprises(i) applying to a substrate a multilayer film-forming cationic electrodeposition paint composed of(A) a cationic electrodepositable epoxy resin having a surface tension of 40 to 60 dynes/cm and being able to form a cathodically electrodepositable aqueous bath by neutralization with an acid, and(B) a nonionic film-forming resin having a surface tension of 25 to 45 dynes/cm,the weight ratio of resin (A) to resin (B) being from 60:40 to 98:2 and the surface tension of resin (A) being greater than that of resin (B), and curing the coated film by heating,(ii) applying a water-base or organic solvent-base colored paint as a first top coat, and(iii) applying as a second top coat a powder paint capable of forming a transparent film which may be colored.

Abstract: A protective coating of finely divided abrasion resistant resin is diluted with a solvent and applied to a surface. The applied coating is cured to achieve either a single layer of inert dispersed in the resin, or two layers including a dense layer of inert in resin covered by a thin layer of resin, and to provide a glossy or matte appearance as desired.

Abstract: An electrically insulating coating is formed on a metallic surface by applying a film of an aqueous fluoride-free composition which contains a water-dilutable synthetic resin, a dispersed waxlike substance, an inorganic or organic pigment, a borate, an alkali metal hydroxide, ammonia or an organic amine for adjusting the pH to between 7 and 9, and drying the moist film at a temperature between 120 and 350.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of covering steel parts onto the outer surface of which there is applied a plastic coating which is surrounded by an embedding material. In order to obtain in a simple manner increased adherence between plastic coating and embedding material a granular powder or granulate is applied to the plastic coating which is still not completely hardened so that the individual powder granules are received only in part by the coating surface, so as to form profiling projections. In accordance with a variant, the profiling projections can also be formed by the side flanks of a helical rib which is extruded onto the heated plastic coating.

Abstract: Stoving lacquers which are essentially useful in "coil coating" and provide a finish simulating that of a metallic lacquer comprise a stovable colored film-forming binder composition having colorless transparent particles dispersed therein.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a composite coating comprising a colored base coat over which is applied a clear top coat, the improvement comprising the base coat which comprises a liquid crosslinkable composition comprising a polyepoxide and a polyacid curing agent; said composition is characterized in that it is substantially free of a cure catalyst, and the top coat comprises a cure catalyst system in an amount sufficient to cure both the base coat and the top coat.

Abstract: A process for forming a composite coated film, which comprises coating a cationically electrodepositing paint composed mainly of a cationic resin having a functional group capable of reacting with isocyanate groups on the surface of a substrate, then coating an organic solvent-base paint containing a polyisocyanate compound and capable of forming a coated film having a static glass transition temperature of 0.degree. to -75.degree. C. on the surface of the electrodeposited paint film, and then coating a top coat paint.

Abstract: In a process for thermally spraying molten metal onto an uncured resin, to prevent some of the sprayed metal particles from being engulfed in the still wet or uncured resin layer, the resin layer is filled with micron sized beads, filler and/or spheres. The spheres or beads or other filling of the resin prevents the impacting metal particles from being engulfed but still allows the metal particles to imbed in the uncured resin surface to achieve a strong mechanical bond when the resin cures.

Abstract: Silica products obtained from trivalent metal e.g. Al compounds and silica can be used as corrosion inhibitors or adhesion promoters for organic coatings on surfaces by way of no-rinse or phosphating treatment or as pigments.

Abstract: Disclosed is a steel sheet having an organic composite plating layer excellent in press workability, spot weldability, electrodeposition coatability and corrosion resistance which comprises a zinc plated, aluminum plated or zinc base composite alloy plated steel sheet, a first layer of an insoluble chromate film of 5% or less in the content of water-soluble matter formed on the surface of the steel sheet at a coverage of 10-150 mg/m.sup.2 in terms of chromium content and a second layer of a coating composition having the following composition coated at a thickness of 0.3-5 .mu.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an iron armature for use with slabs or reinforced articles consists of making an agglomerate of siliceous sand, marble, granite or, in general, stone with cement as a binder, covering an iron armature rod (1) with the agglomerate to obtain a rod covered with a layer of the agglomerate, immersing said covered rod in a vessel (2) containing a resin (3) so that a film of resin on the covered rod is obtained, spreading on the surface thereof granules of siliceous sand or other stone material (4) so that adherence is achieved between the iron rod and the agglomerate, and resistance to oxidation and improvement in aesthetic properties is achieved. According to one embodiment of the invention, the resin may be sprinkled.

Abstract: A cavitation resistant polymer and coating are provided by curing a composition containing from about 24 to 48 wt. % of a liquid epoxy resin, from about 24 to 48 wt. % of a blocked isocyanate prepolymer, from about 4.2 to 12 wt. % of a rheological additive at least 65% of which is an amorphous silica flatting agent, from about 10 to 14 wt. % of a curing agent, from about 1 to 4 wt. % of a plasticizer, and from about 0.1 to 0.6 wt. % of a silane. The composition can contain pigments, fillers and other auxillary agents.

Abstract: Pigmented, abrasion and corrosion resistant, thermosetting organic solvent solution coating composition comprise: (A) from about 50 percent to about 85 percent of total resin solids of a triol-based blocked polyurethane polyisocyanate having a number average molecular weight in the range of 600 to 4000; (B) from about 15 percent to about 50 percent of total resin solids of an epoxy-phosphate provided by reacting a resinous polyepoxide with at least 0.05 mole of orthophosphoric acid per equivalent of oxirane in the polyepoxide; and (C) a corrosion-inhibiting pigment, preferably a chromium-containing pigment, providing resistance to corrosion. These coatings may be applied to the metal surface to be protected, or the metal surface may be protected with another primer which is overcoated with the subject coatings. The subject coatings are then topcoated, especially with pigmented fluorocarbon coatings.

Abstract: The present invention provide a novel coating method for forming a metallic coat having excellent appearance. The coating method comprises the successive steps of:(a) coating an article with an sealercoating composition,(b) coating the sealercoated article with an aqueous metallic basecoating composition without curing the sealercoating composition,(c) flashing and/or baking the article obtained in Step (b),(d) coating the article obtained in Step (c) with a thermosetting clear coating composition, and,(e) baking the coated article.

Abstract: A coupling agent for chemically linking metal substrates to thermoset polymers is composed of a hydrophobic polymer backbone having functional groups attached thereto at spaced intervals, the functional groups having the ability to form chemical bonds to both the metal substrate and the thermosetting polymeric resin. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic polymeric coupling agent comprises mercaptoester functional groups placed along a strong, hydrophobic polymeric backbone. This polymeric backbone preferably comprises polyethylene resulting in an ethylene mercaptoester (EME) copolymer.

Abstract: Composite-coated flat-rolled steel can stock processing and product for fabrication of drawn one-piece cup-shaped work product or can end walls. Single or double-reduced flat-rolled steel, after cleaning, is chemically treated to apply a chrome oxide coating of about three hundred (300) to five hundred (500) micrograms per square foot to each substrate surface followed by utilization of a dual-organic coating system with application and curing of an organic primer to each chemically-treated surface of the substrate followed by application and curing of an added organic coating on at least one such substrate surface; such composite-coating process resulting in an exterior surface of a drawn can body or end wall having at least about two and one-half (2.5) to about five (5) milligrams of organic coating per square inch and an interior can surface with organic coating weight of at least about seven and one-half (7.5) to ten (10) milligrams per square inch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are glycidol-modified polyepoxide-polyoxyalkylene polyamine adducts for use as additives in coatings to provide improved coating appearance.

Abstract: A method for protecting heat sensitive substrates from fire and excessive heat involves:I. applying to the substrate a layer of a char forming intumescent curable composition comprising:(a) an epoxide group containing material, at least 20 weight percent of said material having an oxirane functionality greater than 2;(b) a curing agent adapted to cure the epoxide group containing material wherein at least 20 weight percent of said curing agent is comprised of an aralkyl polyamine containing material;(c) an additive component comprising a mixture of materials adapted to provide a source of:(i) phosphorous,(ii) zinc,(iii) boron and(iv) an expansion gas upon thermal decomposition,said curable composition being capable of forming a carbonaceous char upon exposure to heat or flame;II. allowing the intumescent curable composition to at least partially cure.

Abstract: What is disclosed are novel compositions of matter which are useful as primers to bind room-temperature curable silicone, and silicone-modified rubbers, to various substrates. An example is the use of a mixture which is a reaction product of methyltrimethoxysilane and a bisphenol resin; an epoxyfunctional silane, and tetrabutyl titanate, to bond a room-temperature curable silicone rubber, which cures by a reaction which eliminates alcohol as a by-product, to an aluminum substrate.

Abstract: A protective coating of finely divided abrasion resistant inerts carried in a corrosion resistant resin is diluted with a solvent and applied to a surface. The applied coating is cured to achieve either a single layer of inerts dispersed in the resin or two layers including a dense layer of inerts in resin covered by a thin layer of resin.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the coating of a substrate wherein the following chronologically takes place under vacuum conditions: (i) non-oxidized plating material is deposited on the substrate via ion vapor deposition; and (ii) a coating material is chemically bonded with the non-oxidized plating material. The coating material may comprise a primer, which chemically bonds with the non-oxidized plating material, and a polymer, which impregnates the primer-prepared plating material. Said polymer may also chemically bond with the primer. Alternatively, the coating material may comprise an epoxy which forms an organo-metallic bond with the plating material. In another embodiment of the invention, the coating material may comprise boron trifluoride, which chemcially bonds with the non-oxidized plating material, and a polymer, which impregnates the boron trifluoride-prepared plating material.

Abstract: Curable, liquid coating compositions based on polyepoxides and polyacid curing agents are disclosed. The compositions also contain volatile components such as solvent or curing agents which release volatile components upon curing. Also present is a relatively long chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid which is present to improve the appearance of the coatings. The compositions are useful as coating compositions particularly as clear coats in color-plus-clear automotive coatings.

Abstract: This invention provides a coating method comprising the steps of applying to an electroconductive substrate a cationic electrophoretic primer which contains a binder resin having in its molecule a functional group capable of reacting with an isocyanate group under a curing condition to form a primer coat, applying to the primer coat a surfacer or topcoating containing a hydroxyl-containing resin and polyisocyanate compound to form a surfacer coat or topcoat and curing the two coats at the same time at a temperature between room temperature and about 130.degree. C.

Abstract: A primer composition for metallic material comprising (a) a urethane epoxy ester resin having primary hydroxyl groups and a number average molecular weight of 6000 to 12,000, (b) a chromate anticorrosive pigment and (c) a polyethylene wax having a density of 0.94 or more, a molecular weight of 1000 to 10,000 and an acid value of 15 or less (KOH mg/g), the pigment volume concentration being 24 to 45% of the total solids of the composition.A chemical pretreatment on various metallic materials for improvements in scratch resistance, corrosion resistance and the like can be obviated by the use of said primer composition.

Abstract: A method of preventing the yellowing of the outermost coating of a multicoat coating system is disclosed. The method comprises initially depositing onto a conductive substrate by cathodic electrodeposition a primer coating comprising at least one layer of an amine-epoxy resin adduct and a cross-linking agent, and then curing said primer to a hard, durable film. Then, depositing a second coating onto the primer layer comprising at least one layer of a pigmented film-forming basecoat. Then depositing a third outermost coating onto the second coating comprising at least one layer of a clear, film-forming topcoat, and then curing the basecoat and topcoat.

Abstract: A method of forming an impact-resistant, moisture impermeable coating on the surface of an object, such as a pipe, comprises heating the object to a temperature above which a thermosetting resin applied to the heated surface will fuse, so that the resin forms a continuous layer. Before the layer of resin has gelled, a second layer consisting of a finely divided particulate mixture of the resin and a solid such as glass fiber or mica is applied over the first layer. The two layers are fused together to form a homogeneous resin covering with one layer reinforced by the above solid. The resin coating is then cured and the object allowed to cool. An apparatus for carrying out the method is also described.

Abstract: A method and means of applying a continuous antifouling coating of copper or copper alloys on hulls of ships or boats by the application of sealing and adhesive layers, followed by a coating of thermally sprayed copper particles to form the antifouling layer.

Abstract: A coating composition comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of an acrylic copolymer and (B) from 0 to 40 parts by weight of a curing agent, wherein said acrylic copolymer is a copolymer of a monomer mixture composed essentially of:(1) from 1 to 50% by weight of 1,4-butanediol mono(meth)acrylate,(2) from 0.2 to 10% by weight of an .alpha.,.beta.-monoethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acid, and(3) from 40 to 98.8% by weight of other copolymerizable monomers,provided that the total of the 1,4-butanediol mono(meth)acrylate and hydroxyl group-containing monomers in the copolymerizable monomers, is not more than 50% by weight of the monomer mixture.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition particularly suitable for surface coatings, especially paper and paperboard, and especially those subsequently converted into shaped paperboard products, e.g. paper plates and folded cartons, with a high gloss, water and oil resistant surface coating. The composition is suitable also as both an adhesive and coating in metallizing substrates by the transfer of metallic particles from a transfer agent to the substrate. When formulated without solvents or dispersants it is suitable for use as a casting composition or as an injection molding material. The composition comprises a polymer or copolymer containing carboxylic acid groups; an epoxy compound containing an average of more than one epoxide group per molecule; a quaternary ammonium base or salt thereof; and a monomeric carboxylic acid or inorganic acid which extends the useful working life of the composition and imparts a superior gloss to the surface of the finished product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved process of preparing color-plus-clear coatings, the improvement comprising high solids thermosetting coating compositions comprising polyepoxides and anhydrides as effective curing agents therefor. Films from these coating compositions are of remarkable appearance and are attended by remarkably low volatile organic content (VOC).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved process for preparing color-plus-clear coatings, the improvement comprising high solids thermosetting coating compositions comprising hydroxy-functional polyepoxides and anhydrides as effective curing agents therefor. Films of these coating compositions are of remarkable appearance and are attended by remarkably low volatile organic content (VOC).

Abstract: The descaling of surface of processing equipment, vessels and piping on which scale, such as that which occurs in the extraction of alumina from bauxites has formed. The surface is cleaned to ensure that it is entirely free of contaminants and then is coated with a suitable resin such as an epoxy resin which is cross linked and thermosetting. The coating may be applied in two or more layers using the same or a different resin. The final layer may be one which readily detaches from the base coating when subjected to a high pressure fluid blast.

Abstract: A method for coating steel structures in water which comprisescoating as a first layer an underwater-curable composition comprising(1) a two-pack resin blend system comprising(a) a blend system comprising an epoxy-based resin, and(b) a blend system comprising an underwater-curable curing agent capable of hardening the epoxy-based resin blend system, and(2) from 5 to 75% by weight, based on the total weight of the underwater-curable composition, of a metal powder having an ionization tendency greater than that of iron,on the steel structures, andcoating an underwater-curable composition comprising the two-pack resin blend system and a coloring pigment on the first layer as a second layer.