Abstract: A thermochromic coating comprises a vanadium oxide layer 16 which comprises tungsten and fluorine (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A laminate article comprises a substrate and a biaxially textured (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer over the substrate, wherein 0<x<1 and RE1 and RE2 are each selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm, Eu, Ho, Er, Lu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Tm, and Yb. The (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer can be deposited using sol-gel or metal-organic decomposition. The laminate article can include a layer of YBCO over the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer. A layer of CeO2 between the YBCO layer and the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer can also be include. Further included can be a layer of YSZ between the CeO2 layer and the (RE1xRE2(1−x))2O3 buffer layer. The substrate can be a biaxially textured metal, such as nickel. A method of forming the laminate article is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transparent conductive thin film and a method for the preparation of the same., and more particularly to a method for the preparation of a transparent conductive thin film comprising the steps of a) preparing a sol solution of antimony-tin oxides (ATO) or indium-tin oxides (ITO), b) forming a transparent coating layer on an outer surface of a cathode ray tube using the sol solution, and c) rapidly increasing a temperature of the transparent coating layer to a predetermined temperature of 300 to 1200° C., and rapidly cooling the transparent coating layer either immediately or after maintaining the predetermined temperature for up to 20 seconds, and a transparent conductive thin film prepared by this preparation method, i.e., a transparent conductive thin film which not only has superior conductivity, high hardness, and non-reflectivity but also saves production process time and increases production process effectiveness, and a method for the preparation of the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for fabricating a piezoelectric/electrostrictive thick film, using a seeding layer. On a substrate is formed the seeding layer which is prepared from a ceramic sol solution or a ceramic paste, both identical or similar in composition to the piezoelectric/electrostrictive film. The ceramic paste is prepared from a mixture of a ceramic oxide powder, which has a particle size of 5 &mgr;m or less and is prepared from Pb and Ti-based piezoelectric/electrostrictive elements by a non-explosive oxidation-reduction combustion reaction at 100-500° C., and a ceramic sol solution in water or an organic solvent, identical or similar in composition to the ceramic oxide powder. Then, the seeding layer is subjected to an after-treatment. A piezoelectric/electrostrictive film is directly formed on the seeding layer. Alternatively, a piezoelectric/electrostrictive film, separately formed and sintered, is attached on the seeding layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transparent conductive thin film and a method for the preparation of the same, and more particularly to a method for the preparation of a transparent conductive thin film comprising the steps of a) preparing a sol solution of antimony-tin oxides (ATO) or indium-tin oxides (ITO), b) forming a transparent coating layer on an outer surface of a cathode ray tube using the sol solution, and c) rapidly increasing a temperature of the transparent coating layer to a predetermined temperature of 300 to 1200° C., and rapidly cooling the transparent coating layer either immediately or after maintaining the predetermined temperature for up to 20 seconds, and a transparent conductive thin film prepared by this preparation method, i.e., a transparent conductive thin film which not only has superior conductivity, high hardness, and non-reflectivity but also saves production process time and increases production process effectiveness, and a method for the preparation of the same.

Abstract: A coated glass article which may be heat strengthened with reduced variability in sheet resistance is disclosed. A multi-layer coating is formed on a glass substrate including a base layer of a substantially undoped metal oxide applied over the substrate, and an electrically conductive layer of a doped metal oxide applied directly on the base layer. The same source metal is used for the two layers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a porous aluminum oxide structure comprising Al2O3 and Zr, the structure having an open porosity greater than about 30% and an average pore size from about 20 nm to about 1000 nm, wherein the Zr, expressed as ZrO2, has a concentration less than about 5 weight % of the weight of the Al2O3.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating for superalloy turbine engine vanes and blades that are exposed to high temperature gas is disclosed. The coating includes an aluminide or MCrAIY layer, an alumina layer, and a ceramic top layer. The ceramic layer has a columnar grain microstructure. A bond inhibitor is disposed in the gaps between the columnar grains. This inhibitor is either unstabilized zirconia, unstabilized hafnia, or a mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inorganic polymer material based on tantalum oxide, notably with a high refractive index and mechanically resistant to abrasion, its method of manufacture, in particular making use of precursors based on chlorinated derivatives of tantalum, and optical materials such as antiglare materials and reflecting materials manufactured from this material.

Abstract: Coating solutions having anti-reflective and anti-static properties, a coating derived therefrom, a substrate coated with the coating and methods for their preparation. A coating includes a sol-gel alkoxide polymeric material and a conductive colloidal metal oxide material.

Abstract: A method of making a print head (100) includes forming a body (110) having a closed base (120) and independent fluid containment compartments (220) formed about the closed base (120). A substantially planar piezoelectric transducer (80) comprising a slab (60) of piezoelectric material provides a means of enclosing each of the independent fluid containment compartments (220). Each of the independent compartments has operably associated therewith one of a plurality of first electrodes (20) arranged on a first surface (62) of the slab (60) of piezoelectric material and a portion of a second electrode (22) arranged on an opposite second surface (64). By applying a voltage to the first and second surface electrodes (20, 22) in a predetermined manner induces an electric field in a portion of the slab (60) of piezoelectric material and thereby forces fluid composition through the independent fluid containment compartment (220).

Abstract: A multi-layer antireflection coating is formed to include successive layers of a medium refractive index material, a high refractive index material, and a low refractive index material. The medium refractive index layer is hydrogenated in order to tailor the refractive index of the material to below 1.99 and to increase clarity in transmission. Preferably, the hydrogen atomic concentration is at least 7 percent, more preferably exceeds 9 percent, and most preferably exceeds 18 percent. The three layers combine to form a three-layer antireflection coating, but the hydrogenation may be used in antireflection coatings having a greater or lesser number of layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and an apparatus are provided which can efficiently produce a functional material having a satisfactory level of photocatalytic activity. A photocatalyst coating composition comprising a photocatalytic metal oxide and/or a precursor of the photocatalytic metal oxide is coated on the surface of a substrate. The surface of the coated substrate is rapidly heated to fix the photocatalytic metal oxide onto the surface of the substrate. This rapid heating can realize the production of a functional material having a satisfactory level of photocatalytic activity in an efficient manner. The apparatus, which can continuously carry out the rapid heating immediately after the production of the substrate, can produce the functional material having photocatalytic activity in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A process for spin-on coating with an organic material having a low dielectric constant, which is suitable for a substrate. A dielectric base layer capable of protecting metal is formed on the substrate, an adhesive promoter layer is formed on the dielectric base layer, and the adhesive promoter layer is baked. A solvent is then used to clean the substrate and simultaneously to dissolve a part of the adhesive promoter layer in order to flatten the adhesive promoter layer. Afterwards, a layer of an organic material with a low dielectric constant is spin-on coated on the adhesive promoter layer, and the layer of an organic material with a low dielectric constant is baked and cured.

Abstract: A method of coating an electronically conductive and heat resistant substrate of an anode of a cell for the electrowinning of metals, in particular a cell for the electrowinning of aluminium, to protect and make the surface of the anode active for the oxidation of the oxygen ions present in the electrolyte. The method comprises applying onto the substrate a slurry comprising at least one oxide or oxide precursor as a non-dispersed but suspended particulate in a colloidal and/or inorganic polymeric carrier. The applied-slurry is then solidified and made adherent to the substrate upon heat treatment to form an adherent, protective, predominantly oxide-containing coating. The colloidal and/or inorganic polymeric carrier may comprise at least one of alumina, ceria, lithia, magnesia, silica, thoria, yttria, zirconia, tin oxide and zinc oxide. The oxide of the coating may be a chromite or a ferrite, such as a ferrite selected from cobalt, copper, manganese, nickel and zinc.

Abstract: A method for producing a composite composed of a mixture containing a metal oxide derived from a metal fluoro complex compound. The method includes adding a fluoride ion capturing agent to an aqueous solution containing a metal fluoro complex compound to precipitate the composite. The composite can be a mixture of two or more kinds of metal oxides derived from metal fluoro complex compounds, a mixture of a metal oxide derived from the metal fluoro complex compound and microparticles, or a metal oxide derived from the metal fluoro complex compound doped with metal ions. The composite may be in the form of a thin film precipitated on a substrate immersed in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass substrate having on at least one of its faces an antireflection coating formed by a stack of thin dielectric material layers having alternately high and low refractive indices. To prevent the modification of the optical properties of the coating in the case where the substrate is subject to a heat treatment such as tempering, bending or annealing, the layer or layers of the stack which are liable to deteriorate on contact with alkali ions such as sodium ions are separated form the substrate by at least one layer forming part of the antireflection coating and forming a “shield” with respect to the diffusion of alkali.

Abstract: A method of protecting metal bodies, such as components of a thermal cracking furnace, against formation of carbon deposits, and the furnace components so protected, the method comprising producing an adherent, seamless coat on the metal surface, the coating comprising a layer of combined metal oxides within the MgO.Cr2O3 system.

Abstract: This invention is directed to novel silica compositions, metal silicates, germanosilicates, and metal germanosilicates, and patterned objects and films comprising the same. It also includes methods and compositions for making these films and patterned objects on substrates, ranging from silicon wafers to optical fibers, silica, sapphire, quartz and borosilicate glass. These methods incorporate the use of certain precursor compositions, procedures for their application to a substrate and subsequent treatment to produce a patterned object and/or the conversion to glass structures.

Abstract: An activated cathode comprising an electrically conductive substrate, an interlayer comprising a nickel oxide formed on the surface of the electrically conductive substrate, and a catalyst layer containing at least one lanthanum component selected from oxides and hydroxides of lanthanum metals and at least one platinum component selected from platinum metals and silver and oxides and hydroxides thereof formed on the interlayer. A process for the preparation of an activated cathode is also disclosed which comprises forming an interlayer comprising a nickel oxide on the surface of an electrically conductive substrate, and then forming a catalyst layer containing at least one lanthanum component selected from oxides and hydroxides of lanthanum metals and at least one platinum. component selected from platinum metals and silver and oxides and hydroxides thereof on the surface of the interlayer.

Abstract: A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium comprising one or more anodes (10), each having a metal-based anode substrate, for instance comprising a metal core (11) covered with an metal layer 12, an oxygen barrier layer (13), one or more intermediate layers (14; 14A, 14B) and an iron layer (15). The anode substrate is covered with an electrochemically active transition metal oxide layer, in particular an iron oxide-based outside layer (16) such as a hematite-based layer, which remains dimensionally stable during operation in a cell by maintaining in the electrolyte a sufficient concentration of iron species and dissolved alumina. The cell operating temperature is sufficiently low so species and dissolved alumina.

Abstract: A ceramic material has particular utility as a thermal insulating or thermal barrier coating on metallic substrates. The ceramic material includes gadolinia and zirconia, preferably forming gadolinia-zirconia oxide. The material may include fluorite and pyrochlore structure. This material exhibits chemical stability, thermal stability and thermal insulating properties superior to those of currently used thermal barrier ceramics, and also provides resistance to sintering and erosion comparable to currently used ceramics. A preferred material has between about 5-60 mol. % gadolinia.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a member for use in a molten metal bath, a sealing solution is applied on a coating formed of oxide system ceramics formed on an outermost surface of a substrate. The sealing solution includes an inorganic colloid compound solution containing an inorganic colloid having a grain diameter in a range of 5-50 nanometers in an amount of 5-50 weight percent, and an inorganic binder. The inorganic binder is mixed at a weight ratio of 0.3-3.0 with respect to a weight of 1.0 of the inorganic colloid. The oxide system ceramic formed on the outermost surface of the substrate is an oxide containing 5% or more of a composite oxide comprising (a) at least one of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Rh, In and rare earths, which are trivalent metal elements, and (b) at least one rare earth different from that used in (a). The sealing solution on the coating after permeation is then baked.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cemented carbide or ceramic article having a multilayered coating of a plurality of ultrathin CVD coating layers, and a process for producing same. Each of the ultrathin CVD coating layers has a thickness of approximately 200 nanometers or less. The multilayered coating ranges from approximately 50-400 layers, has excellent adherence and a smoothness and a hardness of at least approximately 40 GPa. The CVD coated article of the present invention exhibits improved coating properties of excellent smoothness, uniformity, toughness, hardness and abrasive wear resistance.

Abstract: The haze in a conductive tin oxide coating deposited on a substrate, particularly glass, can be reduced by applying, to a desired thickness, a solid-state coating, where the solid-state layer is applied as a precursor liquid to the tin oxide layer, is then dried and/or converted to a solid-state film overlying the conductive tin oxide film on the substrate.

Abstract: A composite that protects thermal barrier coatings from the deleterious effects of environmental contaminants at operational temperatures is discovered. The thermal barrier coated parts have least two outer protective coatings that decrease infiltration of molten contaminant eutectic mixtures into openings in the thermal barrier coating.

Abstract: A method for applying a barrier layer which comprises a barium-strontium aluminosilicate to a silicon containing substrate which inhibits the formation of cracks.

Abstract: The invention concerns a composite body consisting of a hard metal, cermet or ceramic substrate body and at least one layer of a mechanically resistant material, a ceramic substance, a diamond-like layer, amorphous carbon and/or hexagonal boron nitride. The invention also concerns a method of producing this composite body, wherein, when the green compact has been dewaxed, with its pores still open and whilst it continues to be heated as from a temperature of between 600° C. and 1100° C., it is acted upon by sublimable solids and/or reaction gases which are necessary for coating purposes. The temperature of the green compact is then further increased and the latter is fully compressed by sintering, before one or more layers of the above-mentioned type is/are applied.

Abstract: A thermal barrier coating for hot gas path components of a combustion turbine based on a zirconia-scandia system. A layer of zirconium scandate having the hexagonal Zr3Sc4O12 structure is formed directly on a superalloy substrate or on a bond coat formed on the substrate.

Abstract: The treatment agent is a four-liquid one-powder coloring type agent consisting of a polymeric water emulsion having hydroxyl groups and/or carboxyl groups; a silica-based granular material; a base treatment agent in the state of a liquid; a base reinforcing agent in the state of a liquid; and a coloring agent. The base treatment agent is a mixture generally comprised of a silica-based powder or granular material; a calcium-containing substance coontaining calcium hydroxide and/or a calcium oxide; organic acid and/or salt of organic acid having an acid dissociation exponent ranging from 3 to 5; and water. The base reinforcing agent is a mixture generally comprised of an aqueous solution of alkali silicate; and organic acid and/or salt of organic acid having an acid dissociation exponent ranging from 3 to 5.

Abstract: A metal article, in particular a component for a thermal cracking furnace, and a method of protecting the metal from exposure to carbon, the article having a protective coating that has a glass-ceramic surface and an interior having a CTE between that of the glass-ceramic and the metal.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method of protecting a surface of a carbonatic material from corrosion, the method comprising treatment of the material surface with an acidic cationic silica sol, the pH of the sol preferably being from about 4 to about 7. The invention also concerns a new silica sol useful for performing the method and a method of preparing the new silica sol. Further, the invention concerns carbonatic material comprising a surface layer of silica, the surface of the silica particles comprising a polyvalent metal oxide/hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing thin Cd2SnO4 films. The process comprises the steps of RF sputter coating a Cd2SnO4 layer onto a first substrate; coating a second substrate with a CdS layer; contacting the Cd2SnO4 layer with the CdS layer in a water- and oxygen-free environment and heating the first and second substrates and the Cd2SnO4 and CdS layers to a temperature sufficient to induce crystallization of the Cd2SnO4 layer into a uniform single-phase spinel-type structure, for a time sufficient to allow full crystallization of the Cd2SnO4 layer at that temperature; cooling the first and second substrates to room temperature; and separating the first and second substrates and layers from each other. The process can be conducted at temperatures less than 600° C., allowing the use of inexpensive soda lime glass substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coating formulation for use in multicoat paint systems, which a) comprises as binder a water-dilutable polyurethane resin which has an acid number of from 10 to 60 and a number-average molecular weight of from 4000 to 25,000 and can be prepared by reacting with one another aa) a polyester—and/or polyether-polyol having a number-average molecular weight of from 400 to 5000 or a mixture of such polyester—and/or polyether-polyols, bb) a polyisocyanate or mixture of polyisocyanates, cc) a compound which has in the molecule at least one group which in reactive toward isocyanate groups and at least one group which is capable of forming anions, or a mixture of such compounds, and optionally dd) a hydroxyl—and/or amino-containing organic compound having a molecular weight of from 40 to 400, or a mixture of such compounds and at least partially neutralizing the resulting reaction product, and b) comprises pigments and/or fillers, the ratio of binder to pigment

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of this invention comprises a conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer (e.g. lightly La doped BST 34), and a high-dielectric-constant material layer (e.g. undoped BST 36) overlaying the conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer. The conductive lightly donor doped perovskite layer provides a substantially chemically and structurally stable electrical connection to the high-dielectric-constant material layer. A lightly donor doped perovskite generally has much less resistance than undoped, acceptor doped, or heavily donor doped HDC materials. The amount of donor doping to make the material conductive (or resistive) is normally dependent on the process conditions (e.g. temperature, atmosphere, grain size, film thickness and composition). This resistivity may be further decreased if the perovskite is exposed to reducing conditions.

Abstract: A method of forming a film having enhanced reflow characteristics at low thermal budget is disclosed, in which a surface layer of material is formed above a base layer of material, the surface layer having a lower melting point than the base layer. In this way, a composite film having two layers is created. After reflow, the surface layer can be removed using conventional methods.

Abstract: A process for the production of insulator-coated black particles, which comprises the steps of (1-a) dispersing particles of silica or a metal oxide in an alcohol-based solvent consisting mainly of an intermediate alcohol to obtain a dispersion of the above particles, (1-c) forming a titanium oxide coating of TiO2 on the surface of each of the particles whose surfaces have been activated in the above step, to obtain titanium oxide-coated particles, (1-d) calcining the titanium oxide-coated particles obtained in the above step in a reducing and/or nitriding atmosphere and thereby blackening the above titanium oxide coatings to obtain black particles, and (1-e) forming an electrical insulator coating on a surface of each of the black particles obtained in the above step, to obtain insulator-coated black particles; characerized in that the process includes a step of (1-b) adding an alkaline aqueous solution to the dispersion obtained instep (1-a) to activate a surface of each of the particles of a metal oxi

Abstract: A process for forming a functional ceramic thin film eliminating the need of high temperature annealing which has been indispensable in the conventional process is provided. This can be achieved by the process for forming a functional ceramic thin film having a crystal of a composite oxide consisting of two or more metal elements and oxygen, which comprises steps of alternately stacking seeding layers having the same crystalline structure as said composite oxide and formable at a temperature lower than the crystallization temperature of the composite oxide, and layers containing a larger amount of a specified metal element than said seeding layers, and then annealing the resultant layers to form an integral body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an optic material by depositing on a substrate at least two layers of inorganic polymeric material, each of these layers containing at least one metal oxide or metalloid oxide, the deposited layers being densified cross-linked by exposure to ultraviolet rays. The invention also concerns the optic material which may be prepared using this method. The optic materials which may be prepared using said method are in particular multilayer materials such as antireflective materials and reflective materials.

Abstract: A porcelain enamel coating suitable for use on high-carbon content, heat-rolled sheet steel is provided. The coating includes a ground coat layer for coating directly onto the steel and a cover coat layer. The ground coat layer includes a soft ground coat frit having nickelous oxide dispersed substantially uniformly throughout. The resulting porcelain enamel coating provides good resistance to boiling defects, such as pinholes.