Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for laser direct writing of materials onto a receiving substrate using a high power pulsed laser. The invention includes a pulsed laser light source, a receiving substrate, disposed opposite the pulsed laser light source, and an optically transparent source support substrate positioned between the receiving substrate and the pulsed laser light source, wherein a surface of the optically transparent source support substrate facing the receiving substrate has coated thereon a thin film of material to be deposited on the receiving substrate. Laser direct writing using the invention is accomplished by impinging the thin film of material with a pulsed laser light from the pulsed laser light source causing material to be selectively "blown off" the optically transparent source support substrate and deposited onto the surface of the receiving substrate.

Abstract: In order to form a bead of organic material having a butyl rubber base and a viscosity greater than 35000 poises, the material in a drum is heated and pumped by a reciprocating pump and delivered to an output nozzle via a conduit. A lock chamber in the conduit is delimited by valves. A variable volume chamber connected to the lock chamber or upstream of the lock chamber is able to selectively take in or discharge organic material for maintaining a constant pressure at the nozzle.

Abstract: A method of fabricating intermetallic compounds of TiAl and TiAl.sub.3 into shapes including a foil utilizing an arc spray process in which bimetalic titanium aluminum or low titanium aluminum and low aluminum titanium wires of the proper proportions are used to form an intermetallic compound overlay, which is densified to form the shape.

Abstract: A method of making printed circuit boards, particularly 3-Dimensional circuit boards, wherein a surface layer of micron sized hollow spheres, beads or spacers are ruptured or fractured in a pattern defining the electrical circuit. The circuit pattern is thermally sprayed with molten copper particles. The molten copper particles shape themselves to the nooks, crannies and undercuts of the fractured spheres or beads to mechanically lock the electrical circuitry to the board. The current carrying capacity can be adjusted by the thickness of the sprayed metal. The overspray does not adhere to smooth non porous surfaces adjacent the fractured spheres or beads.

Abstract: A combination thermally sprayed antifouling metal coating and seal coat on a marine surface and a method of preparing the same. The method comprises the steps of applying a resin coating on the marine surface, and thermally spraying molten metal particles on the resin coating to impinge and interlock with the resin coating and form one or more metal layers. The resin may be wet during the thermal spraying or be filled with hollow beads and spheres which are ruptured after curing to form locking sites for the metal coating. A seal overcoat is applied to the last one of the one or more metal layers. The seal overcoat when applied has low surface tension to permit wetting and penetration of the outer one of the one or more metal coatings, leveling and flattening properties to produce a smooth finish on the more metal coatings, thixotropic properties, abalative properties, and a high copper oxide content for antifouling.

Abstract: A significant improvement of stain-resistance is obtained by commercial application of stain-blocker to nylon carpet that is installed, as opposed to immersing or otherwise treating the primary carpet or treating the precursor nylon polymer or fibers earlier during a manufacturing process. There are various methods of application and of increasing stain-resistance of installed carpets.

Abstract: A liquid coatings application process and apparatus is provided in which supercritical fluids, such as supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, are used to reduce to application consistency viscous coatings compositions to allow for their application as liquid sprays.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and apparatus for coating adhesive for mounting parts onto a printed substrate in which an adhesive coating nozzle is arranged in correspondence to the printed substrate placed on an X-Y table controlled to be moved in an X-Y direction, and said coating nozzle is operated to coat the adhesive within an adhesive storage tank in position on each of the printed substrates, at which a waste coating is carried out for said coating nozzle before the latter perform the coating operation with respect to the printed substrate, whereby even if the adhesive trickles from the end of the nozzle to bring forth the liquid-drip state, the adhesive in the liquid-drip state is eliminated by the waste coating of the coating nozzle to prevent the adhesive in the amount more than as needed from being coated on the printed substrate, thus always maintaining a stable amount of coating thereby positively preventing occurrence of irregularities in quantity.

Abstract: A zinc-based alloy comprising about 50 to 90 weight percent zinc and about 10 to 50 weight percent of at least one other metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt and iron. The zinc-based alloy according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as coating material for producing thermal-sprayed coatings having improved corrosion resistance and adherence.

Abstract: When forming a refractory mass on a surface a mixture of oxidizable particles and refractory particles in a comburent carrier gas is sprayed against that surface from an outlet of a lance. Thus on combustion of the oxidizable particles, sufficient heat is generated to soften or melt at least the surfaces of the refractory particles to bring about the formation of the refractory mass. The mixture of particles is itself mixed with a carrier gas stream, for example, by using venturi, and is fed along a line towards a lance outlet. Oxygen is introduced into such feed line at at least one location along the feed line and is mixed with the carrier gas/particle mixture during its flow towards the lance outlet before reaching that outlet, and preferably at least 1 meter from the outlet of the lance.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of removing asbestos or other fibrous material from structures, such as the lagging on pipes, by injecting into the material a treatment liquid which includes a gelling agent and which sets to form a gel of which the fibrous material comprises an integral part, thereby allowing the material to be removed without generating hazardous fibrous dust.

Abstract: A molten metal gas-atomizing spray-depositing apparatus employs an asymmetrical gas-atomizing device for generating one-sided shear forces for breaking-up and atomizing a stream of molten metal into metal particles in a divergent spray pattern of higher mass density at an upstream leading peripheral portion of the spray pattern, relative to the direction of movement of a substrate, than either of a center region or downstream trailing peripheral region of the pattern.

Abstract: A method of joining surfaces involving dispensing of hot-melt adhesive onto one of the surfaces in a pattern of quasi-random dots splattered onto the surface. The dots are made by breaking a fluid stream of hot-melt adhesive into irregular globules near the tip of a nozzle. The globules are sufficiently massive to remain molten yet will travel in a directed trajectory. Coverage in a stripe pattern has a quasi-random coverage feature where there is a more than likely probability of encountering a dot along any line parallel to the stripe direction within a distance less than the width of the stripe.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating a substrate with alkaline or alkaline earth metals is disclosed. The apparatus includes a reservoir to contain a melt of the metal, means for breaking the melt into fine droplets, and means for advancing a substrate having a surface to be coated along a path past the means for breaking the melt into fine droplets which contact the surface and provide a coating of the desired thickness. The apparatus coats the substrate in a pure inert gas environment. Use of the above apparatus provides a method for coating an alkaline or an alkaline earth metal onto a substrate to be realized.

Abstract: In a process for thermally spraying molten metal onto an uncured resin, to prevent some of the sprayed metal particles from being engulfed in the still wet or uncured resin layer, the resin layer is filled with micron sized beads, filler and/or spheres. The spheres or beads or other filling of the resin prevents the impacting metal particles from being engulfed but still allows the metal particles to imbed in the uncured resin surface to achieve a strong mechanical bond when the resin cures.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing an oxygen-free working atmosphere wherein the waste gases from a conventional gas burner heating unit are compressed and used as buffer and propellant gases for spray guns for spraying molten metal or ceramic material onto a workpiece, where an expansion chamber is provided between the gas burner and the compressor and a constant pressure is maintained in the expansion chamber which is not less than atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: Composition for coating, filling, binding and protection, comprising rubber, whereby it comprises rubber having a particle size of at most 0.4 mm present in an amount of 20-50% by weight, and a curable polymer base present in an amount of 40-50% by weight, which components after curing of said polymer base are the elastic and adhesive part of the composition. The invention further relates to a process for preparation, and a process for applying said composition.

Abstract: A method of adhesively joining a woven material to a nonwoven, heat liquefacient material in a pattern of quasi-random irregular webs splattered onto one material. The webs range from droplets to an interlinking filaments and surface coverage is in a stripe pattern having a quasi-random coverage feature wherein there is a more than likely probability of encountering a droplet or filament along any line parallel to the stripe direction within a distance less than the width of the stripe.

Abstract: A system for applying a coating of wax and fungicide to the surface of fruit applies the coating in two stages. The first stage sprays onto the fruit a mixture of both wax and fungicide, while a second stage sprays onto the fruit wax alone. The fungicide is thereby concentrated immediately adjacent the fruit, where it is most effective in controlling fruit decay, and the wax is at its full concentration at the outside of the coating, where it can provide an optimum surface shine.

Abstract: A metallic coating (20) is produced on a non-weldable inorganic substrate (6) by hot-spraying on a hot-sprayed intermediate layer (19) of refractory metal alloy chosen from nickel-chromium alloys and nickel and titanium aluminides. This intermediate layer itself may be deposited on an undercoat (18) of a ceramic chosen from aluminium and zirconium oxides and titanium hydrides, which is formed by hot-spraying on the inorganic substrate (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the coating of components, wherein a plastic-containing layer is sprayed onto the surface of the components. During spraying, at least one mixture component consisting of a material other than plastic is added directly to a plastic powder. The plastic powder and the mixture component are supplied separately and are separately adjustable.

Abstract: A resist developing apparatus comprising a developing tank consisting of a top portion, a body portion, and a bottom portion, at least one of the top, body, and bottom portions being comprised of an inner wall and an outer wall, a heat exchange chamber being defined between the inner and outer walls for being supplied with a heating medium; a chuck disposed inside the developing tank for holding a work piece in position, a nozzle for spraying chemical liquid toward the work piece held in position by the chuck; a heating medium supply unit for supplying heating medium at a specified temperature to the heat exchange chamber; and piping connecting between the heating medium supply unit and the heat exchange chamber, whereby the interior of the developing tank is adapted to be controlled to a specified temperature.

Abstract: In a method of applying small quantities of melted solder from a nozzle to surfaces to be wetted, which are then solidified, the solder is caused to melt by heating and is propelled by means of a piezoelectric transducer used as a pressure generator from a delivery nozzle in the form of droplets onto the area to be wetted.

Abstract: A mesh screen of polyester filaments for screen printing is subjected to a treatment with low temperature plasma in an atmosphere of a non-oxidizing inorganic gas to such an extent that a crosslinked layer having a thickness of 0.001 to 0.1 .mu.m is formed on the surface of the polyester filaments and the surface of the filaments is provided with protrusions and concavities having a diameter of 0.01 to 0.1 .mu.m in a distribution density of 1000 to 6000 per .mu.m.sup.2 of the surface area of the filament. The thus treated mesh screen is advantageously improved, with no adverse influences on the mechanical strength, in respect of the adhesion between the filament surface and a photosensitive resin composition applied to the mesh screen for photolithographic patterning. The plasmatreated mesh screen is also advantageous in respect of the decreased resistance against transfer of a printing ink through open meshes.

Abstract: The tactile properties of virucidal tissue products containing carboxylic acids are improved by the incorporation of a water-soluble humectant, such as polyethylene glycol. The product is made by blending a water-soluble humectant with a carboxylic acid-containing virucidal composition at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. to solubilize the blend, and applying the solubilized blend to the surface of a cellulosic web.

Abstract: A process of forming a coherent refractory mass on a surface comprises projecting against that surface, together with oxygen, a mixture of refractory particles and fuel which reacts in an exothermic manner with the projected oxygen to release sufficient heat to melt at least the surfaces of the refractory particles and thus form the refractory mass. The projected mixture contains, as fuel, finely divided particles of at least one element which is oxidizable to form a refractory oxide and it also contains carbonaceous particles which are of such a size or composition that carbon particles become occluded in the formed refractory mass. The mixture may contain, as said fuel, finely divided particles having a mean grain size of less than 50 .mu.m of silicon, aluminium and/or magnesium. The carbonaceous particles may comprise a carbonaceous core which is covered by a mantle inhibiting oxidation of the core.

Abstract: A gunnable plastic refractory is made by adding a polysaccharide ether such as methylcellulose to the refractory composition and adjusting the moisture content to be from about 4% to about 10%. The workability index of the refractory mix is from about 8% to about 30%. The refractory is gunned without stoppages caused by clogging of hoses and the rebound rate is low.

Abstract: A process of forming a refractory mass on a surface, which process includes spraying against that surface a mixture of refractory particles and oxidisable particles which react exothermically with oxygen to generate sufficient heat to soften or melt at least the surfaces of the refractory particles and so bring about formation of said refractory mass, and causing the sprayed mixture to be heated sufficiently to cause the oxidisable particles to undergo such exothermic reaction, the granulometry of the particles which are sprayed in the mixture being such that the mean of the 80% and 20% grain sizes of the refractory particles is greater than the mean of the 80% and 20% grain sizes of the oxidisable particles and that the size range spread factor of the refractory particles is at least 1.2.

Abstract: A spraying device is drawn through an underground pipe and sprays a thixotropic resin onto the inner walls of the pipe. The resin cures and hardens, to form an internal lining to the pipe. The resin has sufficient thixotropy to enable it to be applied in a single operation to a significant thickness, preferably in the range 2 to 25 mm. The lining which is formed upon curing therefore has significant structural strength. To allow such a resin to be pumped from the surface down to the spraying device, along a significant length of tubing, the resin is firstly heated, prior to being pumped.Also disclosed is a swab for swabbing a pipe immediately prior to the application of a lining therein.

Abstract: This invention concerns a shock absorbing material placed between two objects for buffering the shocks, and a method of applying the same.Heretofore, a previously formed shock absorbing material is bonded by way of an adhesive or the like to an object to be buffered. However, there has been a disadvantage that no desired bonding strength can be obtained or the adhesive is degraded. It is intended in this invention to render the shock absorbing material fusible under heating, by which the shock absorbing material is fused due to the melting of the shock absorbing material itself with an object to be buffered using no adhesive thereby increasing the bonding area and improving the bonding strength as compared with the conventional case.

Abstract: A process for producing molded articles, especially molded polyurethane foam articles, wherein the mold is treated with an aqueous release agent or a concentrate of one or more release-active substances in organic solvent. The release agent is preheated, e.g. by an atomizer supplied with hot pressurized air, prior to being applied to the mold. The process enables the efficient use of water-base release agents and thus reduces the emission of harmful organic solvents into the atmosphere.

Abstract: Porous metal deposits especially useful in gas turbine engines as compressor seals are made by thermal spraying a metal powder and a meltable polymer powder mixture, wherein the spraying process and a subsequent polymer removal process are chosen to produce less than 30 weight percent oxide. Oxide contents of 4-25% are typical. When 86 weight percent nichrome is sprayed with 14 weight percent polymethylmethacrylate the polymer is removed by heating in air to about 315.degree. C. The resultant porous structure will have an oxide content of 7% and an apparent density of about 32%. A meltable polymer additionally produces a more desirable pore structure.

Abstract: A method and means of applying a continuous antifouling coating of copper or copper alloys on hulls of ships or boats by the application of sealing and adhesive layers, followed by a coating of thermally sprayed copper particles to form the antifouling layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite material by melt-spraying, comprising the steps of melt-spraying a metal as the main constituent of the composite material onto a base plate and injecting a reinforcing substance comprising discontinuous fibers into the metal melt spray stream upstream of the base plate to effect mixing of the reinforcing substance in the melt-sprayed stream of metal within a temperature range without producing a resultant reaction layer between said metal and said reinforcing substance.

Abstract: A method of making a laminated structure for use in an electrical apparatus. A female mold is produced having an upwardly facing cavity of a shape corresponding to the laminated structure. A layer of a ferrous metal is sprayed onto the bottom surface of the mold and subsequently an electrically insulated layer is applied to the layer of metal. Alternate layers of the ferrous metal and the insulating layer are deposited in the cavity of the mold to provide a laminated structure in which the metal and insulating layers are integrally bonded together. Through use of the method of the invention, a ferrous metal with the most desirable electrical characteristics can be employed.

Abstract: A particulated thermoplastic polymer having a uniform surface coating of zinc stearate is prepared by contacting the polymer particles with atomized droplets of molten zinc stearate while supporting and conveying the polymer by a moving stream of a gas. Reduced frictional forces allow increased volumes of coated particles to be transported by pneumatic conveyance. Substantially reduced fine particulate generation or "dusting" is observed for the composition.

Abstract: Improved amorphous metal-based composite oxygen anodes comprise a substrate material, a first coating of an amorphous metal alloy applied thereto and a second coating of a mixed metal oxide applied to the first coating and fused therewith. A method for the fabrication of such anodes comprises the step of applying a first coating of an amorphous metal alloy to a substrate material, applying a second coating of a mixed metal oxide to the first coating and fusing the two layers together without crystallinity of the amorphous metal alloy. An electrolytic process employing such anodes is also provided.

Abstract: An improved method for the production of endosseous implants is disclosed. The method includes thermally spraying a hydroxyapatite-containing powder onto the surface of a metallic core material, and treating the resultant product with an aqueous solution which does not substantially dissolve the hydroxyapatite but can dissolve calcium oxide, to thereby dissolve out alkaline components. The endosseous implants of this invention have excellent mechanical properties and excellent affinity to the living body without hematolysis, and hence, are useful for the treatment or recovery of defective or lost bones, joints and tooth roots.

Abstract: A process for the surface treatment of a part wherein it comprises subjecting the surface of said part in an inert atmosphere to the action of a hot gaseous arc plasma, and followed by the immediate cooling of the thus treated surface by projecting on to the same a cooling liquid at a temperature close to its saturation point which is a temperature whose variation from the saturation temperature does not exceed 15.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention gives a coating with a very high vitrification rate. The resulting surface has physicochemical characteristics which are similar to those of fluoride glass. In order to achieve this result, the material constituting the fluoride glass enamel quickly crosses the temperature range between the melting point and the glossy transition temperature. Moreover, the metallic substrate temperature must be high enough to enable an active physiochemical process at the glass-metal interface which results in a correct "hooking". A "hooking" temperature is higher than one where a physical adhesion occurs, which results from Van der Waals interactions without any formation of chemical bonds at the glass-metal interface. The particular chemical reactivity of molten fluorides, which otherwise results in critical problems of corrosion, is in this case a favorable factor which generally reduces the hooking temperature to a level which is far below the glass melting temperature.

Abstract: Aluminum is flow-coated onto ferrous strip by reducing the hot strip in hydrogen, cooling it to 650.degree.-680.degree. C. in nitrogen and spraying molten aluminum on it such that the aluminum splats flow into each other but solidify in 0.2-0.5 seconds. The aluminum is bonded to the strip through an intermetallic layer less than quarter of the total coating thickness, the aluminum having a cast structure.

Abstract: A process of manufacturing an oxygen sensor having an oxygen sensing element which includes an oxygen-ion conductive solid electrolyte body, a plurality of electrodes on the solid electrolyte body, and a porous ceramic protective layer which covers the electrode disposed on the side of a measurement gas, to protect the electrode from direct exposure to the measurement gas. The process comprises a step of heat-treating at least a portion of the ceramic protective layer covering the electrode, in a reducing atmosphere. The heat-treatment improves an operating response of the sensor over the entire range of temperature of the measurement gas.

Abstract: A liquid stream 2 from a nozzle 1 is atomized and distributed over a substrate 3. The liquid falls into a downwardly angled chute 10 formed by strong gas jets focussed to a point X. An air-knife 20 directed vertically downwardly in the plane of X atomizes the liquid.Gas-knives 12 and 13 are fired alternately and apply equal but opposite deflections to the liquid, which however remains in the plane of 20. The liquid is then evenly distributed on the substrate 3, which is advanced intersecting the plane of 20.

Abstract: Apparatus for coating glass by pyrolysis of a powder at the glass surface to form a coating on that surface, and in which a flow of a suspension of a powder in a carrier gas is applied to a moving hot glass surface across the width of that surface, comprising means for supporting and advancing hot glass beneath an applicator comprising a chamber terminating in a slot extending across the supporting means close to the path of the glass surface to be coated, which chamber diverges downwardly from a central inlet for the downward flow of the suspension of the powder.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for supplying a powdery material to a workpiece to be processed thereby. According to the method, the powdery material is discharged from a hopper and metered, and then fed into a tube extending in the vicinity of the workpiece. Ultrasonic vibrations are imparted to the tube to supply the powdery material to a portion to be processed of the workpiece while the amount of the supplied powdery material is being detected. The apparatus includes a hopper for storing the powdery material, the hopper having an outlet, a tube extending from the outlet to a position adjacent to the workpiece for conveying the powdery material therethrough, and an ultrasonic vibrating device mounted on the tube for imparting ultrasonic vibrations to the tube, and a device mounted on the tube for detecting the amount of the powdery material supplied through the tube.

Abstract: A coating composition applied to a substrate by a thermal spray process which consists essentially of from about 6.5 to about 9.0 weight percent cobalt, from about 2.0 to about 4.0 weight percent chromium, from about 3.0 to about 4.0 weight percent carbon and the balance tungsten.

Abstract: A preheater for melting a slab of thermoplastic marking material preparatory to applying a melt therefrom onto a paved surface has a heated slab receiver formed with a side wall oriented between 70.degree. and 82.degree. with respect to a reference ground plane upon which surface a slab may be flushly supported for heating and melt down.

Abstract: A method for generating fine sprays of molten metal for spray coating and wder making is disclosed. Liquid metal is fed via a melt tube to a nozzle that is shaped like the frustrum of a cone. The nozzle is surrounded with gas jets in a coaxial pattern around the melt tube orifice. High pressure gas causes the formation of a low pressure region immediately next to the melt tube orifice that draws metal out of the orifice at a higher rate than would otherwise be the case. The coaxial gas stream atomizes the metal into droplets and thereafter forms a narrow, supersonic spray containing very fine metal droplets suitable for powder making or application of a coating.

Abstract: The process, consisting of successively depositing upon one another the layers produced from chemical compounds, the first layer (2) being deposited on a substrate (3), is characterized in that each layer is deposited immediately after the preceding layer, and in that the depositions of the layers are performed by reactive chemical spraying and at temperatures determined by the compounds to be deposited, a chemically inert atmosphere being maintained between each deposition.

Abstract: It is possible, by means of a flame-spraying or plasma-spraying technique adjusted to suit the particular properties of a plastic, not only to provide nonreinforced plastics with a uniform coating, but also to achieve an excellent hydrophilic surface wettability at the same time.