Abstract: To apply a silicon oxide adhesion-promoting layer to a metal prosthesis part or frame, for subsequent application of a dental plastic thereon, the prosthesis is subjected to flame hydrolysis derived from a flame hydrolysis burner (11) which has a silicon compound in vapor or gas form applied thereto in addition to a carbon-containing combustion gas, such as propane and air, the prosthesis part or frame being passed through the flame from the burner in the forward third thereof, the burner flame cone having, in operation, a length (L) of between 15 to 20 cm, a gas stream speed of about 1 m/sec., and wherein the length (L) of the cone exceeds the spacing distance (D) of the farthest part of the prosthesis from the mouth of the burner by only up to about 25%. For fine adjustment of the cone, a tinting substance can be added to the flame.

Abstract: The adhesion of conductive layers to ceramic substrates in the application of such layers by low-energy techniques is improved by interposing between the high-conductivity metal layer and the substrate a layer of refractory metal which is preferably also applied by low-energy vaporization. The metal layers can be provided in succession by reversing the polarity of electrodes composed of the metals of these layers which strike an arc vaporizing the metal to be deposited. One of the electrodes can be shifted out of position and replaced by a substitute electrode and the process repeated to deposit a further layer of metal from the substitute electrode on the substrate.

Abstract: A unitary-layer partially metallic, suitably adherent, mechanically and thermally durable, non-wetting, fusion-bonded matrix coating on endless, flexible metallic casting belts for continuous casting machines is described. This fusion-bonded matrix coating is also advantageous for coating other molten-metal-contacting surfaces, in continuous casting machines, such as edge-dam blocks that define moving side walls of a mold cavity. The fusion-bonded matrix (or reticulum) coating provides advantageous accessible porosity throughout the coating and comprises a nonmetallic refractory material interspersed substantially uniformly throughout a matrix of heat-resistant metal or metal alloy, for example nickel or nickel alloy, which is fusion-bonded to the grit-blasted surface of the belt and anchors and holds the nonmetallic material. The coating is applied by thermally spraying a powdered mixture directly on the roughened surface.

Abstract: There is proposed a process of continuously producing a catalyst plate, wherein a thin metal plate is formed by use of a blade with slits in the widthwise directions thereof, expanded in the longitudinal direction thereof into an expanded metal plate having formed therein meshes, the expanded metal plate thus formed is corrected in shape, degreased, thereafter, molten metal such as molen aluminum is sprayed onto the expanded metal plate to form roughened surfaces on the opposite sides of the expanded metal plate, further, a catalytic substance is deposited onto the roughened surfaces, thereafter, formed into a predetermined form, and shorn into pieces. There is proposed a pinch roll system having a tension roll, in which end portions in the widthwise direction are vertically movable so as to be used as a corrector for the expanded metal plate, and a stepping press system to be used as a former for the expanded metal plate.

Abstract: A lance for spraying particulate refractory-forming combustible material, particulate refractory material and a comburent gas is characterized in that the lance 1 comprises at least one feed passage 2,3 for conveying material to be sprayed to a lance head 4 which comprises a plurality of spray nozzles 5 for spraying such material, and in that the flow path of the material being sprayed branches or turns a corner and a cup-like recess 7,9 is located at the or each such branch or corner, open to the flow path upstream thereof, for catching particulate material conveyed along said flow path so that the material caught itself forms a barrier against abrasion at the location of such recess.A method of using such a lance to spray particulate refractory-forming combustible material, particulate refractory material and a comburent gas against a surface so that on combustion a coherent refractory mass is formed on such surface is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of repairing cementitious substrates with polyurethane in which volatile-free polyurethane precursor reactants are sprayed and polymerized on the surfaces of cementitious articles, such as concrete water conduits.

Abstract: The adhesion of conductive layers to ceramic substrates in the application of such layers by low-energy techniques is improved by interposing between the high-conductivity metal layer and the substrate a layer of a refractory metal which is preferably also applied by low-energy vaporization. The metal layers can be provided in succession by reversing the polarity of electrodes composed of the metals of these layers which strike an arc vaporizing the metal to be deposited.

Abstract: In a liquid dispensing system which applies a liquid to a product moving past a liquid dispensing applicator, the improvement comprising dispensing a predetermined quantity of liquid per unit length of liquid dispensed by controlling the liquid operating pressure to coincide with a predetermined liquid pressure and by providing a flow bypass line which permits a continual flow of liquid through a liquid flow pump controlling the liquid operating pressure when the liquid dispensing applicator is not activated.

Abstract: The method comprises the steps of depositing, by thermal spraying of pulverulent materials, portions of layer in the shape of juxtaposed, adjacent strips having each a height corresponding substantially to the thickness of the layer to be formed. Each deposited portion of the layer is locally cooled so as to maintain the temperature differential between the substrate and the layer at a value lower than 100.degree. C., preferably lower than 60.degree. or 50.degree. C. It is possible thereby to deposit layers up to 3 mm thick and to obtain very high density layers even from high melting point metals or from ceramic materials.

Abstract: A thin coating of poly(isobutylene) is applied to the edge of a record turntable to prevent the record on the turntable from slipping during acceleration and deceleration of the turntable for playback.

Abstract: Arc metal spraying is used to spray liquid metal onto an array of high strength fibers that have been previously wound onto a large drum contained inside a controlled atmosphere chamber. This chamber is first evacuated to remove gaseous contaminants and then backfilled with a neutral gas up to atmospheric pressure. This process is used to produce a large size metal matrix composite monotape.

Abstract: A particulate polyolefin molding material is disclosed. The material is comprised of a particulate polyolefin particle having a bulk density of 0.45 g/cc or more and a mean particle size of 150 to 2,000.mu., and a layer comprising a compounding additive and a binder formed on the surface of the particle. The material can be used in producing molded articles without first forming the material into pellets as is conventionally done.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a metal pattern on a solar cell comprising the steps of forcing a molten metal through an aligned array of orifices by use of gas pressure; vibrating the aligned array of orifices to form the molten metal issuing from the orifices into metal droplets; moving a solar cell collinearly with the aligned array of orifices; and allowing each series of metal droplets from a single orifice to fall onto a specific region of the solar cell to build up a metal layer of increasing thickness, each metal droplet being permitted sufficient time to solidify prior to allowing the next metal droplet to strike the metal layer.

Abstract: High solids coating methods and apparatus are disclosed which eliminate many of the disadvantages associated with known coating processes. The techniques disclosed require only a minor amount of a volatile solvent to achieve atomization and application of a paint or other coating material. High solids coating compositions containing about 70-99% by weight solids are atomized and coated. This method also enables polymeric compositions having high molecular weight to be employed as coating materials. According to techniques described, liquid compositions containing film-forming solids are kept under pressure with a minor amount of a highly volatile solvent of from about 1 to 30% by weight, even as low as about 1-10% by weight, at a temperature above the normal boiling point of the solvent.

Abstract: Laterally "floating" thermal spray gun traversing apparatus and system for laterally tracking a revolving casting belt being thermal spray coated for applying uniformly spaced passes of thermal spraying on the revolving casting belt regardless of any lateral (edgewise) movements of the casting belt in either direction and regardless of any chamber in the edge of the belt. The thermal spray gun is traversed by a leadscrew and an adjustable speed drive for the leadscrew, both the leadscrew and its adjustable drive being carried by a frame mounted on a carriage freely movable along a trackway extending parallel to the axis of the leadscrew. A roller senses the lateral position of the edge of the revolving belt, and the carriage is moved by a source of motive power responsive to the sensed lateral position of the belt for causing the carriage together with the frame, leadscrew and leadscrew drive automatically to track the belt.

Abstract: Machine for producing insulative and protective coatings on endless flexible metallic belts of continuous casting machines is described. The coating is applied to a revolving belt being supported and driven by pulleys in the machine. The coating is applied by thermally spraying a powdered mixture directly onto the roughened casting surface of the belt. The machine holds the revolving belt under tension and applies cooling to the rear (inner) surface of the revolving belt opposite to the region where the thermal spray gun is applying the coating to the belt.

Abstract: Aluminium is coated on steel strip. The steel strip is heated in hydrogen to reduce surface oxides to iron, and is then sprayed at 400.degree. C. with nitrogen-atomized molten aluminium to a depth of 150 microns. Still in nitrogen/hydrogen, at 350.degree. C., the coated strip is rolled. Under these conditions, the aluminium is subjected to very high compressive stress (compared with its yield stress) while the steel does not even reach its yield stress.

Abstract: The invention solves the problem of spraying metallic coatings on difficult-accessible surfaces, especially on internal surfaces of long glass pipes having a small diameter which can be applied as electrodes in ozone generators. The method of spraying metallic coatings according to the invention consisting in melting metal in the electric arc and atomizing it by a stream of compressed gas is characterized by that molten metal is applied on the surface to be coated by means of a closed system of three-stream atomization, which comprises the following streams of compressed gas: a stream directed along wires being melted, a side stream and an opposite blowing-away stream, whereas the head, apart from correspondingly directed nozzles for compressed gas, has also a special connection of wires being melted, constituting electrodes, to a source of current, in a form of flexibly mounted rings inside which said wires are fitted in a manner enabling their continuous shift.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a liquid composition of a perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups in a liquid medium by contacting the polymer with a mixture of 25 to 100% by weight of water and 0 to 75% by weight of a second liquid component such as a lower alcohol, e.g., propanol or methanol, at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C. (at least 240.degree. C. when about 90% to 100% water is used), in a closed system. The liquid composition made by this process, or modified liquid products prepared therefrom, are used in coating various substrates, in casting films, and in repairing perfluorinated ion exchange films and membranes. The process is also useful in recovering perfluorinated polymer having sulfonic acid or sulfonate groups from scraps and used articles made of such polymer or containing such polymer as a component part thereof.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for depositing material upon a surface, e.g. to coat the surface or to form compounds containing this material by bonding with the substrate material of the surface, in which an arc is struck between at least one solid electrode and a pool of molten metal to vaporize the molten metal and permit transfer of the metal vapors to the substrate.

Abstract: A coating method for coating the inner surface of a long tube of small diameter, specifically tubes for a condenser. The coating is a type of spray coating wherein a long flexible supply hose, longer than the long tube to be coated, is reciprocated in the long tube with a spray nozzle attached to the tip thereof for spraying the paint by the action of compressed air, from one end of the long tube to the other end thereof while spraying the paint in atomization. The long flexible supply hose of double structure or sometimes of triple structure is composed of a short heating pipe portion adjacent to the spray nozzle and a long flexible hose portion. The paint and compressed air supplied through separate passages in the supply hose are heated to a predetermined temperature by heating means, for example, a sheathed electrical heater wound about an inside pipe of the heating pipe portion upstream of where the paint is sprayed.

Abstract: A method for fabricating heat emitting plates permits such plates to be designed to have a wide variety of thermal emission characteristics. A metal plate is coated with dielectric material on both sides and then heated to 300.degree. to 400.degree. C. at which point it is sprayed by a molten conductive metal. The thickness of the molten conductive metal on the dielectric coating can be varied along the length of the plate by varying the speed of the mutual displacement between the spraying means and the plate during the spraying operation. A protective pattern is painted or otherwise deposited on the sprayed metal which is then subjected to a corrosive bath to eliminate all of the sprayed metal except that which is overlaid by the protective coating. The protective coating is then removed leaving a heating element of desired configuration to achieve the desired thermal emission characteristics of the plate.

Abstract: In a method for at least partly metalizing the surface of a laminated component, the layer of material which is to form part of the surface of the component is first metalized; then it is coated, as are the other layers of non-metalized material, with a polymerizable resin; and lastly the coated layers are stacked on the lower part of a mould, which is then subjected to pressure, possibly under heat.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of coating a substrate with .beta.-alumina, a compound of alumina and an alkali metal oxide, while maintaining its electrically conductive properties. A powdered mixture is formed of the .beta.-alumina and a carbonate of the alkali metal. The mixture is sprayed through a source of heat sufficient to melt it onto the substrate. A plasma spray torch can be used to melt spray the mixture.

Abstract: A thermally insulated masonry wall comprising a plurality of thermally insulated barrier layers extending laterally inwardly from the surface of the wall. This is accomplished by placing a nozzle against the surface of the wall and blasting a pulsating air stream containing a thermal insulating liquid which penetrates through the surface of the wall to provide a first barrier layer embedded deeply in the wall and laterally spaced inwardly from its surface. A second operation provides a second but shallower barrier layer. This can be followed by a third or more applications. Each of the resulting barrier layers comprises particles of masonry material coated with thermal insulating liquid and entrapping air in the interstices formed by the coated masonry particles.

Abstract: An enamel having a thermosensitive catalyst therein is applied to a workpiece by means of a spray gun supplied with a large volume of heated air at a low pressure. The heated air initiates activation of the catalyst substantially immediately upon discharge from the spray gun and, thus, produces a painted surface which is dust-free within a minimum time period.

Abstract: Methods for applying grit containing abrasive coatings by plasma spray techniques are disclosed. Various concepts for obtaining good adherability of the coating to an underlying substrate and for maintaining angularity of the grit particles are discussed. The concepts employ simultaneous contact of the grit particles with matrix material at the surface of the substrate to be coated. In coating narrow substrates, the substrate is offset from the axis of the plasma stream discharging from the plasma gun.

Abstract: Method of producing protective coatings on metal parts to be used in contact with molten glass.The method of the invention comprises spraying onto the surface to be coated, by a thermal spraying process such as flame or plasma spraying, a powdered material consisting essentially of at least 60% by weight of chromium oxide, from 0 to 40% by weight of a nickel-base alloy such as a nickel-chromium alloy and from 0 to 20% by weight of metal oxides such as aluminum, titanium and zirconium oxides.

Abstract: An improved process for forming an acoustical or thermal insulating fibrous glass product is provided, wherein the binder employed is asphalt and the asphalt is converted into a substantially insolubilized form.

Abstract: A composite powder sprayable by thermal spraying onto a substrate to form an abradable seal coating, is composed of particles each having a core of non-metallic solid material surrounded by a layer of nickel-chromium-aluminum alloy containing from about 4 to about 8% and from about 2 to about 6% aluminum.

Abstract: A material is introduced into and heated within a crucible of the sealed type for vaporization purposes and the crucible includes an ejection nozzle. The vapor of the material is then ejected through the nozzle into a vacuum region to strike onto a substrate, the pressure of the vacuum region being selected to be at least 1/100 times as low as the vapor pressure within the crucible and of approximately 10.sup.-2 Torr or less. Change in ejection velocity provide control of fine structures of films when being deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: Although the method and apparatus of the present invention can be utilized to apply either a uniform or a nonuniform covering of material over many different workpieces, the apparatus (20) is advantageously utilized to apply a thermal barrier covering (64) to an airfoil (22) which is used in a turbine engine. The airfoil is held by a gripper assembly (86) while a spray gun (24) is effective to apply the covering over the airfoil. When a portion of the covering has been applied, a sensor (28) is utilized to detect the thickness of the covering. A control apparatus (32) compares the thickness of the covering of material which has been applied with the desired thickness and is subsequently effective to regulate the operation of the spray gun to adaptively apply a covering of a desired thickness with an accuracy of at least plus or minus 0.0015 inches (1.5 mils) despite unanticipated process variations.

Abstract: A poultry panel (20) for collecting manure comprising fiberglass reinforced layers (22, 30) with a preformed corrugated board (24) therebetween. The fiberglass reinforced layers (22, 30) consist of a resin-catalyst mixture (22, 30) containing calcium carbonate as a filler. The corrugated board (24) consists of two layers - one flat (26) and one corrugated (28). The poultry panel (20) provides a hard, rigid material which is easy to handle, inexpensive to manufacture, and resistant to corrosion. The poultry panel (20) is formed by spraying and laying successive layers of the resin-catalyst mixture and fiberglass sheets onto a metal form (44) with the preformed corrugated board (24) embedded between two such layers. The resulting composite is rolled to eliminate air bubble formation, cured until dry, removed from the metal form (44), and cured until hard.

Abstract: A heat transfer surface for boiling liquid refrigerant 11 and its equivalents and method for producing the surface. The surface comprises a porous, open-cell coating at least 15 mils thick, of oxidized metallic particles which are flame-sprayed onto a metal substrate. This surface includes a substantial number of nucleate boiling cavities having an equivalent radius in the range of 1.5 to 4 mils, which are the result of one or more of the following conditions in the flame-spraying process: (1) The flame-spraying nozzle is oriented so that the metallic particles impact the metal substrate at an angle in the range of 30.degree. to 75.degree.; (2) The metal substrate is preheated to a temperature which is at least 600.degree. F., but below the melting point of the substrate; and (3) The flame-spraying apparatus is positioned such that the metallic particles travel from 3 to 6 inches before impacting the substrate.

Abstract: Metallic articles, for instance, ferrous strips are metallized, for instance, zinc coated by passing the heated article through a coating chamber and applying thereto a continuous stream of the molten coating metal so as to uniformly and evenly metallize said article. Thereafter, excess molten coating metal is removed from the coated article by hot gas blasting and the hot gas blasted article leaving the coating chamber is immediately cooled. Wiping means may be provided before applying the molten coating metal so as to deflect any molten coating metal dropping from the metallic article passing therethrough, while rollers may be arranged between the coating metal applying means and the hot gas blasting means. Said rollers serve to remove the major part of excess coating metal from the coated metallic article and to stabilize movement of the metallic article passing through the coating chamber.

Abstract: A container wherein exposed surfaces thereof which are particularly subjected to a chemical reaction, such as corrosion, are protected by the application of a thixotropic lacquer. A typical installation is the application of a band of thixotropic lacquer internally of the container along the longitudinal side seam. A thixotropic lacquer has the characteristic that there is very little flow after its application to a surface, and thus is particularly adapted for covering raw edges and like exposed areas of containers. The thixotropic lacquer is applied preferably in plural closely adjacent streams which unite after the lacquer engages the container surface. Beneficial results are obtained by adjusting the temperature of the container and/or lacquer, and further by heating the applied band of lacquer.

Abstract: Metal working operations, especially drawing, are facilitated by applying to the metal a composition which provides lubricity thereto and which melts within the range of about 30.degree.-100.degree. C. The composition comprises at least one ester of a carboxylic acid, with a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof, a phosphorus acid salt and an antioxidant being preferred optional ingredients. The composition may be applied in liquid from and solidifies on cooling to ambient and normal storage temperatures. Prior to application, the composition is preferably heated to a temperature higher than its melting temperature for ease of flow and uniform dispersion thereof onto the metal. In a preferred method of application, a reservoir is located beneath the composition applicator and composition is pumped therefrom to the applicator, preferably a roller coater, with excess composition being recirculated.

Abstract: A method of applying a coating composition, which preferably has a high solids content, to a workpiece. The method is one wherein a coating composition is atomized into liquid particles, an electrical charge is imparted with an induction charging electrode means on the particles substantially simultaneously with their formation, and the charged particles are directed to an electrically-receptive workpiece, and includes the improvement comprising heating the coating composition to adjust its conductivity and to enhance the induction charging of the particles formed from the heated coating composition. In a preferred embodiment, the charged particles are cooled before they reach the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of masking a workpiece at a demarcation zone to facilitate precise spray painting of a workpiece first area on one side of the zone. The method includes providing a mask which has an adhesive backing on one face thereof and a protective liner removably secured to the adhesive backing. The liner is cut or severed so that the resultant sever line has the same conformation therealong as that desired for the demarcation zone. That section of liner associated with the portion of the mask to be affixed to a workpiece second area on the opposite side of the demarcation zone from the workpiece first area is removed from the mask. Thereafter, the mask may be affixed to have the liner sever line precisely aligned with the demarcation zone. Pressure is exerted against the mask at a thin pressure zone coextensive with the demarcation zone to automatically lift that portion of the mask which overlaps the workpiece first portion at and along the demarcation zone to generally form an acute angle therewith.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for spray metallizing a coating of metal (e.g., zinc) onto one or both sides of a base metal (e.g. steel). One embodiment of the invention comprises melting the metal to be deposited, propelling first and second streams of the melted metal towards the base metal at a point of convergence adjacent to the substrate, and applying a potential difference between the streams to form an electric arc whereby superheated particles are deposited on the base metal. A second embodiment of the invention comprises melting the metal to be deposited, propelling a stream of the melted metal towards the base metal through a nozzle containing a non-consumable stationary electrode, and applying a potential difference between the molten metal and the electrode to form an electric arc whereby superheated particles are deposited on the base metal.

Abstract: A cellulose fiber insulation, a manufacturing method and a plant for practicing the method. Waste paper is pulverized in a hammermill apparatus to provide a quantity of cellulose fiber particles which are air conveyed past a fog-type injection nozzle where the particles are wetted with a solution of fire and/or pest resistant and corrosion inhibiting chemicals. The wetted particles are thereafter air conveyed away from the nozzle with heated exhaust air from the hammermill apparatus to dry the particles prior to depositing them in a storage bin. The air by which the particles are conveyed may be exhausted through a filter to catch residual particles which may be returned to the storage bin or directly to the process. The sprayed solution may be prepared by a batch process or by counterflow percolation of heated liquid upward through a bed of soluble fire-retardant chemical. The concentration of chemical in the resultant saturated solution may be regulated by a thermostatic control system.

Abstract: According to the present invention the microporous surface of a corrodible metal body is protected against corrosive agents of the atmosphere and even such severely corrosive agents as those found in marine environments, by an impregnation in the pores of an inner protective material, preferably oil, that is substantially impervious to corrosive agents, and a covering of outer protective material, preferably resin, that is intimately bonded to the outer surface of the metal and bridges over the impregnated pores. After the impregnation, any of the inner protective material such as oil that may remain on the outer surface of the metal is selectively removed, while the inner protective material in the pores is selectively retained, whereby a secure, intimate bond of the covering to the metal is assured to protect the metal from corrosion initiating from the outside, while the inner protective material remains operatively disposed in the pores to protect the covering from corrosive undermining.

Abstract: A method for emplacing a seal on a closure for a container which comprises despositing a foamed adhesive in liquid form on an interior surface of the closure and allowing that foamed adhesive to solidify and adhere as a solid cellular foam to the interior surface of the closure.

Abstract: A composite powder sprayable by thermal spraying onto a substrate to form an abradable seal coating with suitable strength and erosion resistance. Each powder particle has a core of non-metallic solid material surrounded by a layer of metallic material selected from the group consisting of nickel and nickel alloys. At least about 95% of the particles have a size less than about 150 microns, at least about 50 to about 90% of the particles have a size greater than about 75 microns, and less than about 10% of the particles have a size less than about 45 microns.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for the fusion processing of synthetic thermoplastic resinous materials, utilizing a first high-velocity stream of gas to transport the resinous material through an elongated passageway which directs the stream of gas and transported material onto a workpiece, thereby fusing the resinous material. The elongated passageway is defined by at least one wall having a plurality of foramina or pores through which a second stream of gas is directed to heat the resinous material to a fusion temperature and to provide a slip stream on the inner surface of the wall thereby preventing the resinous material from sticking to the surface. The first stream of gas may be heated to initiate or supplement the heating of the resinous material.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for applying an ordinarily high viscosity lubricant as an atomized spray onto metal working surfaces without the use of high velocity air. The method comprises the steps of heating the lubricant to a temperature of approximately 170.degree. to 300.degree. F., hydraulically atomizing the lubricant by feeding the lubricant through a nozzle under a pressure of approximately 30 to 70 pounds per square inch whereby the relative velocity of the lubricant with respect to ambient atmosphere is increased upon exiting an orifice in the nozzle, and directing the lubricant onto the metal working surfaces.

Abstract: An article fabricated from a resin (e.g. ABS, polycarbonates, polyethylenes, polyaryl ether, or polypropylene of platable grades) susceptible to softening when contacted with trichloroethylene or a mixture of trichloroethylene and methylene chloride is dipped into an alkaline detergent, rinsed, and immersed in an agitated bath (by volume, 90 parts of trichloroethylene, 9 to 10 parts of ethanol, and 0 to 1 part of methylene chloride--1 part of methylene chloride if the resin is polypropylene) to which copper or nickel has been added as a powder (50 to 150 microns, 200 to 250 grams per liter) whereupon the article is drained, dipped in an agitated bath of similar composition, and dried. Alternatively, the powder may be sprayed onto the article, after the article has been immersed in such a bath. Next, the article may be dipped in dilute nitric acid, rinsed and immersed in a non-catalytic bath for deposition of nickel.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for spray metallizing a coating of metal (e.g. zinc) onto one or both sides of a base metal (e.g. steel) which comprises melting the metal to be deposited, propelling first and second streams of the melted metal towards the base metal at a point of convergence adjacent to the substrate, and applying a potential difference between the streams to form an electric arc whereby superheated particles are deposited on the base metal.

Abstract: A metallic coating is applied to a metallic substrate by directing a laser beam on to the substrate and simultaneously directing a gas stream containing entrained particles of the coating material on to the area of laser impingement on the substrate. The particles are melted by the laser beam to form a pool of molten coating metal. Relative movement is effected between the laser beam and substrate so that a pool of molten coating metal traverses the substrate to form a solidified metallic coating which is fused to the metallic substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus for a wire spray coating method including a capacitor connected with an electric power source to be charged thereby. A gap switch having discharge electrodes which are spaced apart from each other so that a discharge is produced under a voltage applied by the capacitor. Wire receiving terminals which are spaced apart to receive a length of wire of coating material therebetween, the terminals being connected with the capacitor so that the charge of the capacitor is applied to the terminals through the switch. The discharge electrodes being maintained at a fixed distance so that a discharge across the electrodes is readily produced when the electrodes are supplied with the voltage from the capacitor.