Abstract: This invention relates to copper complexes that significantly reduce the decay of wood, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin caused by fungi. A process for treating such materials with these copper-containing anti-fungal agents is also disclosed.

Abstract: A treatment method for preservation of plant leaves wherein the plant leaves are immersed in a dehydrating solvent consisting of acetone and ethyl alcohol to replace the tissue water and remove chlorophyll in the leaves by the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are immersed in a permeating solution containing polyethylene glycol and acetone for allowing polyethylene glycol to permeate the leaves for replacing the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are dyed with a coloring matter.

Abstract: An aqueous water repellent useful in the treatment of substrates of lignocellulose-origin materials or the like is characterized by comprising the product of co-hydrolytic condensation of (A) 100 parts by weight of an organosilicon compound having the formula: (R1)a(OR2)bSiO(4-a-b)/2??(1) wherein R1 is alkyl, R2 is alkyl, 0.75?a?1.5, 0.2?b?3 and 0.9<a+b?4, and (B) 0.5-49 parts by weight of an amino-containing alkoxysilane having the formula: R3R4NR5—SiR6n(OR2)3-n??(2) wherein R3 and R4 are H or alkyl or aminoalkyl, R5 is a divalent hydrocarbon group, R6 is alkyl, and n is 0 or 1, or a partial hydrolyzate thereof in the presence of an organic acid or inorganic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical treatment process which makes it possible to modify the chemical structure of securities, bank notes or paper documents during their transportation or their storage, either in a vehicle or by a man on foot, thus making it impossible for criminals to be able to reuse them.

Abstract: Wood products, specifically wood commonly used in construction including dimension lumber, pressure treated pine, composite wood materials such as plywood, particle board, and wafer board, and samples of paper and fabric were variously treated with concentrations of sodium silicate (Na2O.SiO2) also known as water glass. Cellulosic materials including dimension lumber, plywood, particle board, wafer board, paper, and fabric were treated with sodium silicate (Na2O.SiO2) in concentrations ranging from 400-0.04 g Na2O.SiO2/kg water. To overcome the disadvantages of sodium silicate, sodium silicate treated samples were further treated to convert the water soluble sodium silicate to a water insoluble form, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of water solubility. and rendering the material effective for internal and external uses.

Abstract: The product is presented in the form of a solution and is composed of carbonated magnesium di-n-propylate, n-propanol, and a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) diluent selected from 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC 227). The product may be obtained by a procedure which comprises preparing a solution of carbonated magnesium di-n-propylate in n-propanol and diluting said solution by addition of the HFC diluent. The product is suitable for de-acidifying cellulose-type material and preserving objects based on cellulose-type material.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for treating a cattail blossom. A cattail blossom is soaked in a thinned adhesive mixture. When dry, the resulting treated blossom does not burst and can be used for a very long period of time as a decorative item.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of impregnating paper with a suspension of a molecular sieve in waterglass, such as soda waterglass or potassium waterglass, wherein the impregnated paper can be used as a dehumidifying element, and wherein the method comprises the steps of a) providing a piece of paper, such as facing paper and/or fluted paper; b) immersing the paper into a highly concentrated waterglass solution in which a molecular sieve has been suspended, at a temperature in the range of 45-95° C., wherein said suspension of highly concentrated waterglass/molecular sieve has a viscosity of at least 350 mPa.s at a temperature of 45° C.; and c) cooling the immersed paper with air at a temperature of at most 35° C. and preferably at most 25° C.

Abstract: A method for conditioning a metering blade of a paper coating machine. The method includes the steps of providing a paper coating machine having at least one metering blade and passing a movable substrate through the paper coating machine such that the metering blade contacts the substrate to distribute any coatings applied to the substrate. The method further includes the step of applying a solution of abrasive material to the substrate at a location upstream of the metering blade such that the abrasive material engages and conditions the blade.

Abstract: Low dielectric constant films with improved elastic modulus. The method of making such coatings involves providing a porous network coating produced from a resin containing at least 2 Si—H groups and plasma curing the coating to convert the coating into porous silica. Plasma curing of the network coating yields a coating with improved modulus, but with a higher dielectric constant. The costing is plasma cured for between about 15 and about 120 seconds at a temperature less than or about 350° C. The plasma cured coating can optionally be annealed. Rapid thermal processing (RTP) of the plasma cured coating reduces the dielectric constant of the coating while maintaining an improved elastic modulus as compared to the plasma cured porous network coating. The annealing temperature is typically loss than or about 475° C., and the annealing time is typically no more than or about 180 seconds. The annealed, plasma cured coating has a dielectric constant in the range of from about 1.1 to about 2.

Abstract: Use of fluorinated compounds to confer release properties to cellulosic substrata, selected from the following structures: (A) [Rf—CFY—L—O]mP(O) (O−Z+)3−m (B) (O−Z+)2P(O)[O—L—YFC—O—Rf—CFY—L—O—P(O) (O−Z+)]m′——[O—L—YFC—O—Rf—CFY—L—O]P(O) (O−Z+)2 (C) Fluorinated (meth)acrylic copolymers (D) [Rt—CF2—SO2N(U1) (U2) —O]g—P(O) (OZ)3−g wherein: m′ is an integer from 0 to 20; L is an organic group selected from —CH2—(OCH2CH2)n—, —CO—NR′—(CH2)q—, with R′═H or C1-C4 alkyl group; n=0-8, q=1-8; Z═H, alkane metal or a NR4 group with R═H or C1-C4 alkyl group; Y═F, CF3; m=1,2,3; Rf is a perfluoropolyether radical; Rt is a linear or branched perfluorocarbon radical having from

Abstract: A method for retarding the deterioration rate of acidic paper is disclosed. The method includes placing an acidic paper article in a polymer film enclosure having a reservoir of deacidifying agent. The deacidifying agent migrates over time to the paper article in an amount sufficient to retard the deterioration rate of the paper. The method can further include placing in the polymer film enclosure a carrier material having a second reservoir of deacidifying agent. An article for retarding the deterioration rate of acidic paper is also disclosed. The article includes a polymer film enclosure having a reservoir of deacidifying agent. The polymer film enclosure is capable of enclosing an acidic paper article. The deacidifying agent is capable of migrating over time to the acidic paper article enclosed therein in an amount sufficient to retard the deterioration rate of the paper. The article can further include a carrier material having a reservoir of deacidifying agent.

Abstract: A rinse-added fabric conditioning composition comprising a starch having a gelatinization temperature of less than 150 degrees C. and a method of imparting crispness properties to fabrics treated with same.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing tack cloth including weaving fibers into a textile fabric with a loom, impregnating the textile fabric with a resin, and cutting the resin impregnated textile fabric to create at least one serrated edge. The preferred type of serrations are triangular and the preferred resin is polybutene. The serrating of the resin impregnated tack cloth provides superior thread retention capabilities.

Abstract: Solvent-free coating materials and treating agents used as water-based wood or material protective agents containing emulsifiable binding agents, quaternary ammonium compounds and optional additional active agents. The wood or material protective agents are non-flammable and enable a uniform distribution of the binding agent and the quaternary ammonium compounds in the substrates. As a result, the quaternary ammonium compounds function as a dissolving mediator for the binding agents which are dispersed in water without opacifying effects and are used as a biocide. The agents can additionally absorb water-insoluble organic biocides without impairing the homogeneity or stability of the formulation of the homogeneity of the distribution in the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a paper core material is described. The paper core material has uses such as in the building industry and has the advantage that no toxic home syndrome is caused in a newly built house or office. The paper core material has a continuous geometric pattern such as rectangular or hexagonal cells and is made by the method of providing a plurality of base paper strips, bending and gluing the base paper strips to form the paper core material having a continuous geometric pattern, treating the paper core material with a charcoal solvent comprising activated carbon dust, wood vinegar and a flame-resisting agent, and drying the paper core material. An alternate method is provided which involves treating the base paper strips with the charcoal solvent, drying the base paper strips, and then bending and gluing the base paper strips to form the paper core material having a continuous geometric pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bacteriostatic dehumidifying element that includes additives which inhibit the growth of microorganisms. The dehumidifying element is produced by a method that comprises the steps of: a) providing a piece of paper, such as facing paper and/or fluted paper; b) immersing the paper in a highly concentrated waterglass solution at a temperature c) in the range of 45-95° C., where said highly concentrated waterglass solution has a viscosity of at least 350 mPa·s at a temperature of 45° C.; d) cooling the immersed paper with air at a temperature of at highest 35° C., aid preferably at highest 25° C.

Abstract: Sheet products, such as card stock, envelopes and other paper products (10) are advanced on a vacuum surface conveyor belt (30) beneath a glue applicator drum (35). The glue transfer strips (37 and 38) of the glue applicator drum apply stripes of glue (42 and 43) at the ends of the sheet product, leaving a belt engaging space (41) without glue between the glue stripes. The sheet product is grasped by overlying conveyor belts (46 and 47) at the belt engaging space (41), thereby exposing the wet glue stripes on opposite sides of the belts. Hot air is applied on opposite sides of the conveyor belts (46 and 47), drying the glue. The glue transfer strips (37 and 38) of the glue applicator drum can be adjusted in size, shape and position so as to apply glue to one end, the other end, or both ends of the sheet product, and if glue is applied to only one end, one of the dryers (50 or 51) can be deactivated, saving energy.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of an electric device having at least one conductor and a porous, fibrous and/or laminated electrically insulating dielectric system comprising a solid electrically insulating part impregnated with a dielectric fluid and a porous, fibrous and/or laminated body for use in an electric device produced with the method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a dielectric gelling composition, exhibiting a thermo-reversible liquid-gel transition at a transition temperature, Tt, wherein the gel comprises an oil and a combined gelator system having molecules of a polymer compound together with fine dielectric particles with a particle size in the nanomneter, 6 nm, range, preferably a particle size within the range from 0.001 to 1000 nm, the use of this dielectric gelling composition in an electric device comprising one or more conductors, a casing or enclosure and an insulation system comprising the dielectric gelling composition. An electric DC-cable having a conductor and an electrical insulation comprising a solid part with a porous, fibrous and/or laminated structure impregnated with the dielectric gelling composition and a method for production of such DC-cable wherein the combined gelator is prepared prior to impregnation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A cork stopper for a wine bottle or the like is coated with, for example, silicone rubber to prevent impurities in the cork from contaminating the contents of the bottle. The coating may be applied by dipping or immersion preferably with ultrasonic agitation to improve penetration of the coating material into the cork pores. Prior to coating, the corks may be soaked in a solvent to leach out taint compounds from the surface of the cork, thereby reducing the likelihood of such compounds concentrating on the coating surface.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate, with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being entrained in the pressurized fluid and contacting the surface so that the surface treatment component lowers the surface tension of the surface of the substrate and treats the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: Cellulosic materials, including dimension lumber, plywood, particle board, wafer board, paper, fabric and similar materials, were treated with sodium silicate (Na2O.SiO2) in concentrations ranging from 400-0.04 g Na2O.SiO2/kg water and the surfaces of selected samples were further treated with silicon oxide (SiO or SiO2) applied in a molecular to micron layer thickness by vapor deposition. Tests were conducted to determine the effectiveness of these materials in terms of fire resistance, durability, duration of effectiveness and moisture resistance. For sodium silicate as a sole treatment, flame retardance was found to increase as the concentration of sodium silicate in solution increased. To overcome the disadvantages of sodium silicate, sodium silicate treated samples were further treated by the deposition of a molecular coating of silicon oxide by vapor deposition. Samples treated by this technique were found to be completely moisture resistance.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being one which binds to the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: A method of impregnating paper with waterglass, such as soda waterglass or potassium silicate, the impregnated paper being usable as a dehumidifying element, wherein the method includes the steps of a) providing a sheet of paper such as facing paper and/or corrugated paper; b) immersing the paper into a highly concentrated waterglass solution at a temperature within the range of 45-95° C., with the highly concentrated waterglass solution having a viscosity of at least 350 mPa.s at a temperature of 45° C.; and c) cooling the immersed paper with air at a temperature no greater than 35° C. and preferably no greater than 25° C.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus are disclosed for coating at least one surface of an article such as a paper plate with a liquid coating. The surface to be coated is passed through a wave of liquid coating, such as an aqueous dispersion, followed by removal of the excess coating. The coating and coating removal steps are carried out in an environment which is vaporous with the vehicle of the liquid coating, which prevents premature drying of the coating and allows for a smooth, even application of the coating to the surface.

Abstract: A method of applying makeup to one's person including the steps of preparing a liquid makeup composition by mixing together a volatile solvent (20-98%), soluble polymer (0.1-20%) and colorant powder (0.1-40%). The solvents, polymers and colorant powders usable in the invention are disclosed herein. The makeup composition is absorbed on an absorbent material which can be natural sponge, synthetic sponge and fiber and the composition on the absorbent material is dried to remove the volatile solvent. Thereafter the absorbent material with dried composition thereon is subjected to a volatile solvent to wet the same and the absorbent material with the composition thereon is rubbed on one's person to apply the polymer and colorant powder thereto. The composition, which is also on the absorbent material, increases the weight of the absorbent material from 40% to 1000%. The invention also includes the article for applying makeup to one's person which is made by the above recited method.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate, with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being entrained in the pressurized fluid and contacting the surface so that the surface treatment component lowers the surface tension of the surface of the substrate and treats the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate, with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being entrained in the pressurized fluid and contacting the surface so that the surface treatment component lowers the surface tension of the surface of the substrate and treats the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate, with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being entrained in the pressurized fluid and contacting the surface so that the surface treatment component lowers the surface tension of the surface of the substrate and treats the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: A sodium silicate polymerization method was used to incorporate sodium silicate and/or other water soluble inorganic fire retardants into an insoluble matrix. By using a vacuum/pressure technique, a water soluble sodium silicate/borate mixture was forced into the interior of various cellulosic materials, then was heat polymerized into an insoluble fire retardant matrix. This produced a dual action fire retardant material also with the following properties: moisture resistant, weather proof, and improved strength. Water insoluble forms of sodium silicate and borates have not been possible until now. This process and testing was then repeated with six other water soluble fire retardant combinations, making them similarly water insoluble.

Abstract: Articles comprising a substrate and a polymeric desiccant either impregnated therein or coated thereon are disclosed as well as processes for their manufacture. The invention also contemplates a process for synthesizing a polymeric dessicant in particulate form for use as such or for use as a coating material for desiccant articles.

Abstract: An improved method of deacidifying books, imaged paper and other imaged materials having a cellulose base wherein, for a sufficient time to raise the pH of the materials, the materials are treated with alkaline particles of a basic metal oxide, hydroxide or salt dispersed in a hydrofluorether carrier, alone, or in combination with a perfluorinated carrier. A surfactant is added.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a strengthened fiber assembly containing cellulosic fibers with the cellulose being present in the crystalline structure of cellulose II, by contacting the fiber assembly with an aqueous solution of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) at elevated temperature and subsequently washing the fiber assembly, characterized in that contacting is effected in a manner that from the relation-947+0.30.times.log.sub.(10) t+0.046.times.T-3.53.times.C +645.times.log.sub.(10) Cwherein t indicates the time in minutes during which the fiber assembly is contacted with the aqueous NMMO solution, T indicates the temperature of the aqueous NMMO solution in .degree.C. and C is the concentration of NMMO in % by mass, based on the aqueous NMMO solution, a number in the range of 0.30 to 1.70 results with the proviso that the temperature T is smaller than 130.degree. C. and the concentration C ranges between 70 and 84 % by mass.

Abstract: Fire retarding and smoke inhibiting aqueous composition and a method for a one-step impregnation of aqueous-absorbable--and normally inflammable materials, such as wood, paper and textiles, said composition comprising ammoniumphosphates, phosphoric acid, water soluble metal salts with ability to form water insoluble salts with phosphate ions and/or ammoniumphosphate ions, and other optional additives.The composition comprises in combination:0.5-90% by weight monoammoniumphosphate and/or diammoniumphosphate,0.1-30% water-soluble metal salts with ability to form water insoluble salts with phosphate ions and/or ammoniumphosphate ions,1-20% by weight acid especially phosphoric acid (85%),1-15 % by weight dicyandiamide, andoptionally up to 5% by weight additivesin a total concentration of from 1 to 50% by weight with respect to the total weight of the aqueous solution, whereby phosphoric acid and dicyandiamide are present in the form of the reaction product guanylureaphosphate.

Abstract: Materials variously treated with sodium silicate were studied until enough information was obtained to find a way to solve the problems that have prevented sodium silicate from being the used as a fire retardant. These problems are: 1) water solubility (miscible with water), which results in extensive leaching when exposed to water, 2) cracking, chipping and peeling of treated surfaces, and 3) surface granulation. During flame tests it was discovered that sodium silicate formed a foam-like material, and this material was found to have become water insoluble, yet its elemental composition had remained virtually identical to that of the unmodified sodium silicate. This investigator proposes that under the influence of heat and dehydration, sodium silicate undergoes a polymerization process resulting in particles sizes too large to dissolve in water, and then developed a mechanism to explain how the process could occur.

Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprises contacting a surface of said substrate, with a pressurized fluid comprising carbon dioxide and a surface treatment component, the surface treatment component being entrained in the pressurized fluid and contacting the surface so that the surface treatment component lowers the surface tension of the surface of the substrate and treats the substrate. The contacting step is preferably carried out by immersion, the fluid is preferably a liquid or supercritical fluid, the substrate is preferably a metal or fabric substrate, and the surface treatment component is preferably a fluoroacrylate polymer.

Abstract: Adhesive material is directed by two gumming applicators onto selected portions of a wrapping material as it advances in a given feed direction at a predetermined velocity, with no interruption in the movement of the wrapping material. The two applicators make a forward pass and a return pass, each composed of two constituent passes, during the course of which the adhesive material is deposited simultaneously along respective first and second segments of a first trail in the forward direction and in like manner along respective first and second segments of a second trail in the reverse direction; each complete trail extends transversely and substantially across the full width of the wrapping material.

Abstract: A decorated shaped product having an expression or design applied thereto which closely resembles an actual expression of a source material such as a natural object is disclosed. The product includes a shaped base material formed thereon with a flow pattern and a transfer pattern of which at least a part is subjected to a concealment exposing treatment and which is printed on the shaped base material. Also, a method manufacturing the product and the shaped base material are disclosed.

Abstract: A durable and extremely water- and oil repellent ultra thin film is formed on the surface of a substates such as glass, ceramics, fabrics, fur and cloth by a dehydrochlorination reaction between a functional group such as a hydroxyl group or an imino group on the surface of the substrate. The coating film of the material comprises a plurality of chlorosilyl groups was formed on the surface of the substrate by dipping and holding the substrate comprising functional groups on its surface in a solution prepared by dissolving a material comprising fluorocarbon groups and a plurality of chlorosilyl groups in a non-aqueous solvent and drying the substrate which is then taken out from the solution in a substantially moistureless or low moisture atomosphere and removing the non-aqueous solvent remaining on the substrate. Further, when the coating film is left in an atomosphere comprising moisture, i.e.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for deacidifying cellulose based materials, especially books, magazines, and other bound or folded cellulose materials having a spine. The method includes contacting the materials with a treating medium and producing relative movement at a predetermined velocity between the materials and the treating medium in a direction generally parallel to the spine of the materials and, preferably simultaneously, directing the treating medium by means of a spray toward the materials in a direction generally perpendicular to the spine of the material for a period of time effective for the treating medium to contact substantially all of the material. Following treatment, any excess treating medium is removed from the material and directing any such removed treating medium to a holding tank for reuse later. The movement in a parallel direction is achieved by reciprocating the materials through a tank filled with treating medium.

Abstract: Peat moss having water repellency when it is dry is used as culture soil by subjecting it to a water repellency preventing treatment. In addition, a seedling-growing peat board with few germs and impurities, being lightweight and easy to handle, and particularly suitable for use as bed soil of a seed bed, is provided. The culture soil contains peat moss which is water repellent when dry, and a water-absorbing clay adhered to the surface of the peat moss. This is accomplished by treating water to render it absorbable by peat moss, suspending a water-absorbing clay in the treated water, contacting the peat moss with the suspension to absorb the suspension onto the surface of the peat moss, and drying the peat moss.

Abstract: A method of insulating a substrate or a portion thereof by depositing a syntactic foam by a spraying, dipping or a variety of printing processes. The foam comprises void containing particles in expanded form, unexpanded form, or a mixture of these. The deposited foam is dried to remove solvents and cured to strengthen the binder which restrains the microspheres. Heating may also expand the unexpanded microspheres. A tie coat may be applied to promote adhesion between the substrate and the insulating syntactic foam. Multiple layers of the syntactic foam may be applied to increase the thickness of the resultant layer for providing a controlled amount of increased insulation.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for impregnating a molten or viscous cleaning composition into a traveling, three dimensional, lofty, dense nonwoven web is disclosed. The composition is applied by an applicator manifold and is retained in the voids within the web. The velocity of the web and the flow of the cleaning composition are adjusted depending on the viscosity of the composition and the web density. Additionally, the viscosity of the composition can be controlled by altering its temperature or by altering the line pressure. The process eliminates the use of a doctor blade, spray system and application roll to meter the amount of cleaning composition into the web, and is suitable for the application of a molten or very viscous chemical compositions into a lofty, dense nonwoven web.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thermosetting decorative laminate (11), primarily intended as flooring laminate, comprising two or more layers (3, 4, 5), whereby at least one layer is a decorative layer (4) comprising a decor paper (9) provided with a bar pattern comprising a plurality of parallel rows of bars (14), whereby the bars (14) in adjoining rows preferably are mutually offset in the longitudinal direction. The bar pattern allows said laminate (11) to be divided into m longitudinal units or panels each consisting of p rows of bars (14), whereby said unit or panel comprises m.times.p rows of bars (14). The pattern of each left end bar (A1-A9) matches the pattern of corresponding right end bar (B1-B9) of each unit or panel and the pattern of these bars matches the pattern of corresponding end bars (A, B) in corresponding rows of all m units or panels.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions suitable for treating fibrous substrates to render them durably resistant to dry soil and durably repellent to water and oil. One composition is an aqueous emulsion comprising: a dry soil resistant and water and oil repellent fluorochemical treatment and an effective amount of one or more fluorochemical surfactants wherein the surfactants comprising one or two fluorochemical groups and one or two water-solubilizing polar groups. Another composition is an aqueous emulsion comprising: a dry soil resistant and water and oil repellent fluorochemical treatment; an effective amount of one or more fluorochemical surfactants wherein the surfactants comprising one or two fluorochemical groups and one or two water-solubilizing polar groups; and one or more non-fluorinated additives.

Abstract: A method for the production of a composite consisting of cellulose fibers coated with a calcium phosphate compound consists essentially of phosphorylating the surface of cellulose fibers, immersing the surface-phosphorylated cellulose fibers in an aqueous solution containing calcium ions and hydroxyl ions, removing the cellulose fibers from the aqueous solution and subsequently immersing them in an aqueous solution containing calcium ions and phosphoric acid ions, and then removing the cellulose fibers from the aqueous solution. Also disclosed is a composite produced by the method.

Abstract: An improved method is described for the fusing, joining or seaming of cellulosic materials. The method utilizes a solution of selected organometallic compounds or metal oxides to rapidly crosslink opposing, overlapping cellulosic surfaces to provide secure seams. Enhanced seam strength is achieved by a subsequent moisture treatment. The tubular cellulosic casings are well-suited for the manufacture of sausages and sausage-like products. The seams according to this invention have exceptionally high shear strength and wet strength.

Abstract: Nonwoven articles having high durability and absorbent characteristics, and their methods of manufacture, are presented. One preferred article is characterized by(a) a nonwoven web comprised of organic fibers comprised of polymers having a plurality of pendant hydroxyl groups; and(b) a binder comprising an at least partially crosslinked and at least partially hydrolyzed polymeric resin having a plurality of pendant resin hydroxyl groups, the resin crosslinked by a crosslinking agent, the crosslinking agent selected from the group consisting of organic titanates and amorphous metal oxides, the polymeric resin derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of monomers within the general formula ##STR1## wherein: X is selected from the group consisting of Si(OR.sup.4 OR.sup.5 OR.sup.6) and O(CO)R.sup.7 ; andR.sup.1 -R.sup.7 inclusive are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and organic radicals having from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, inclusive, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing the sun protection factor (SPF) rating of a fiber or fabric, comprising the steps of providing a UVR absorber, applying the UVR absorber to a fabric, whereby the UVR absorber is attached to the fiber and an application of less than 3% UVR absorber on weight of fiber produces an SPF rating of greater than 20 for the UVR absorber and fabric combination.