Abstract: A semiconductor film includes a cluster of semiconductor quantum dots each having a metal atom and ligands coordinating to respective semiconductor quantum dots, and the semiconductor quantum dots have an average shortest inter-dot distance of less than 0.45 nm. A solar cell, a light-emitting diode, a thin film transistor, and an electronic device include the semiconductor film.

Abstract: The electrospray generator system described herein uses a soft X-ray source instead of a radioactive source to generate bipolar ions for the neutralization of the initially charged particles. In one example, the soft X-ray source is directed at an orifice from which the charged particles emanate, thereby allowing the neutralization of the particles to happen faster than in prior art configurations and, in some instances, even neutralization occurring immediately on a droplet before it passes through the electrospray orifice.

Abstract: An optoelectronic device and method for fabricating optoelectronic device, comprising: forming a quantum dot layer on a substrate including at least one electronically conductive layer, including a plurality of quantum dots which have organic capping layers; and removing organic capping layers from the quantum dots of the quantum dot layer by physically treating the quantum dot layer, the physical treatment including both thermal treatment and plasma processing.

Abstract: An electromagnetic force field configured to protect designated assets against incoming objects, comprising a plurality of layers, wherein the layers are a member of a group consisting of a supercharged plasma window, a curtain of high-energy laser beams arranged in a lattice-like configuration, and a carbon nanotube (CNT) layer, wherein the laser beams are positioned at equal distance between each other and as such as to ensure that at least four laser beams are in the path of the smallest object, and wherein, the CNT layer comprises a plurality of CNT sheets.

Abstract: A method of applying particles to a backing having a make layer on one of the backing's opposed major surfaces. The method including the steps of: supporting the particles on a feeding member having a feeding surface such that the particles settle into one or more layers on the feeding surface; the feeding surface and the backing being arranged in a non-parallel manner; and translating the particles from the feeding surface to the backing and attaching the particles to the make layer by an electrostatic force.

Abstract: Described is a fuser member including a substrate and a release layer disposed on the substrate. The release layer includes a fluoropolymer having a plurality of metal fibers having a diameter of from about 5 nanometers to about 20 microns dispersed throughout the fluoropolymer. A method of manufacturing the fuser member is also provided.

Abstract: Chipless RFID tags (200, 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260, 310, 320, 330, 400, 410, 420, 500, 510, 520, 600, 610, and 620) are designed and fabricated from the structures of the nanotube elements and their patterns on a dielectric substrate (202, 311, 401, and 501 etc.) by thin film coating or printing following by a polymer curing process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing non-fouling surfaces and products having such a surface. Especially, the present invention relates to a product comprising a bulk part and a surface region; wherein a first surface region coating is coated on at least a first part of said surface region; said first surface region coating comprising a polyionic co-polymer consisting of a polyionic backbone polymer and non-ionic hydrophilic side chain polymers; wherein the molecular spacing parameter, L/2Rg, of said first surface region coating is less than 0.26.

Abstract: Techniques for carbon nanotube (CNT) solubilization and surface-selective deposition via polymer-mediated assembly are provided. In one aspect, a method for self-assembly of carbon nanotubes on a substrate is provided. The method includes the following steps. A charge is created on one or more surfaces of the substrate. The substrate is contacted with carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies dispersed in a solvent, wherein the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies include the carbon nanotubes wrapped in a polymer having side chains with charged functional groups, and wherein by way of the contacting step the carbon nanotube-polymer assemblies selectively bind to the charged surfaces of the substrate based on complementary electrostatic interactions between the charged functional groups on the polymer and the charged surfaces of the substrate and thereby self-assemble on the substrate. A resulting structure is also provided.

Abstract: A method and apparatus provided for the production of fine fibres by electrospinning fibres by applying an electrical field between a primary electrode and a counter electrode (5) spaced apart from the primary electrode and extending generally parallel thereto wherein at least an operative surface of the primary electrode is coated with a polymer solution (3) and an electric field of sufficient magnitude is generated between the primary electrode and counter electrode to cause the formation of fine fibres (9) in the space between the electrodes. The operative surface of the primary electrode that is coated with polymer solution is made up of appropriate portions of the surfaces of a multitude of operatively semi-submerged, loose (unattached) elements (1, 11, 17, 21) supported on the bottom of a trough (2) or tray or another support member or members (12, 18, 22).

Abstract: A mold having an open interior volume is used to define patterns. The mold has a ceiling, floor and sidewalls that define the interior volume and inhibit deposition. One end of the mold is open and an opposite end has a sidewall that acts as a seed sidewall. A first material is deposited on the seed sidewall. A second material is deposited on the deposited first material. The deposition of the first and second materials is alternated, thereby forming alternating rows of the first and second materials in the interior volume. The mold and seed layer are subsequently selectively removed. In addition, one of the first or second materials is selectively removed, thereby forming a pattern including free-standing rows of the remaining material. The free-standing rows can be utilized as structures in a final product, e.g., an integrated circuit, or can be used as hard mask structures to pattern an underlying substrate. The mold and rows of material can be formed on multiple levels.

Abstract: A wire grid polarizer formed as a self-assembled coating on a substrate surface. Metal or other conductive nanowires are coated with a transparent dielectric material having a thickness approximately equal to one-half of the desired WGP wire spacing or pitch. A suspension of coated nanowires in a chromonic liquid crystal is shear-coated onto an aligned substrate and dried. The chromonic liquid crystal, a solution of dye molecules and water, forms an orderly structure and induces the nanowires to align with their longitudinal axes parallel to the shear direction and/or alignment direction. The polarizer has a minimum polarizing wavelength determined by an average lateral spacing of nanowire segments. The polarizer has a transmissivity and a contrast ratio determined by the width of the nanowire segments.

Abstract: A method of applying particles to a backing having a make layer on one of the backing's opposed major surfaces. The method including the steps of: supporting the particles on a feeding member having a feeding surface such that the particles settle into one or more layers on the feeding surface; the feeding surface and the backing being arranged in a non-parallel manner; and translating the particles from the feeding surface to the backing and attaching the particles to the make layer by an electrostatic force.

Abstract: When applying a current to a plated steel plate, plating often biases. In the present invention, when applying a current, the current is applied with a flux guiding member arranged in proximity to a side surface of the plated steel plate. The direction of the magnetic flux at the side surface of the plated steel plate is corrected, and the bias of the plating is efficiently suppressed.

Abstract: An electrospinning method includes providing a nozzle fluidically coupled to a source of polymer ink and providing a substrate adjacent to the nozzle. A first voltage is applied to the nozzle to initiate electrospinning of the polymer ink onto the substrate, wherein the first voltage is within the range of about 400V to about 1000V. The voltage is then reduced to a second, lower voltage wherein the voltage is within the range of about 600V to about 150V.

Abstract: A thin film and a method of making a thin film. The thin film comprises a patterned substrate, a smooth film of electric field tuned quantum dots solution positioned on the patterned substrate, and a thin layer of metal positioned on the thin film. The method begins by drop-casting a quantum dots solution onto a patterned substrate to create a thin film. While the quantum dots solution is drying, a linearly increasing electric filed is applied. The thin film is then placed in a deposition chamber and a thin layer of metal is deposited onto the thin film. Also included are a method of measuring the photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) rate in a quantum dot nanocomposite film and methods of forming a Shottky barrier on a transparent ITO electrode of a quantum dot film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of applying particles to a coated backing. A first layer of particles is created over a second layer of particles on a support surface and the first layer of particles is different in at least one property from the second layer of particles. A coated backing is positioned above the first and second layer of particles. An electrostatic field is applied simultaneously to the first and second layer of particles such that the first layer of particles closer to the coated backing are preferentially attracted to the coated backing first before the second layer of particles.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide materials and methods for forming a fluoroplastic coating layer from a powder mixture including a leveling agent and/or a transient binder material to improve the powder coating quality, wherein the powder mixture can further include a plurality of fluoroplastic powder and a plurality of aerogel particles.

Abstract: A method of forming a monolayer film of nanoparticles includes forming a fluid mixture by combining nanoparticles dispersed in water with a water-miscible organic solvent and a molecular ligand comprising a head group with affinity for the nanoparticle, and introducing the fluid mixture to a substrate in the presence of an air/fluid interface, thereby causing a monolayer film of nanoparticles to form on the substrate. Such monolayers films can include metallic nanoparticles such as gold, and possess substantially uniform spacing over at least a one centimeter length scale.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing electrically conducting nanostructures by means of electrospinning, the apparatus having at least a substrate holder (1), a spinning capillary (2), connected to a reservoir (3) for a spinning liquid (4) and to an electrical voltage supply (5), an adjustable movement unit (6, 6?) for moving the spinning capillary (2) and/or the substrate holder (1) relative to one another, an optical measuring device (7) for monitoring the spinning procedure at the outlet of the spinning capillary (2), and a computer unit (8) for controlling the drive of the spinning capillary (2) relative to the substrate holder (1) in accordance with the spinning procedure.

Abstract: A method for producing a gloss watermark includes depositing a heat-softenable marking material onto a receiver. A heatable fixing member is surfaced in a selected region so that the surface roughness of the fixing member in the selected region is different than the surface roughness of the fixing member outside the selected region. The surfaced fixing member is heated. After the deposition step, pressure is applied to the marking-material-bearing portion of the receiver using the heated fixing member, so that the marking material flows and acquires a gloss in a differentiated region on the receiver corresponding to the selected region of the fixing member that is different than the gloss of the marking material outside the differentiated region to create the gloss watermark on the surface of the marking material.

Abstract: A method and device for producing an aligned carbon nanotube array. The arrays of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be formed by drying liquid dispersions of CNTs on a nanoporous substrate under an applied electrostatic field. The array may be used in a number of applications including electronics, optics, and filtration, including desalination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coating a substrate using one or more liquid starting materials. The substrate is coated by atomizing one or more liquid starting materials into droplets and vaporizing the droplets in a deposition chamber for before the starting materials react on the surface of the substrate. The droplets are guided towards the substrate with electrical forces before the droplets are vaporized.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally include apparatus and methods for depositing nanowires in a predetermined pattern during an electrospinning process. An apparatus includes a nozzle for containing and ejecting a deposition material, and a voltage source coupled to the nozzle to eject the deposition material. One or more electric field shaping devices are positioned to shape the electric field adjacent to a substrate to control the trajectory of the ejected deposition material. The electric field shaping device converges an electric field at a point near the surface of the substrate to accurately deposit the deposition material on the substrate in a predetermined pattern. The methods include applying a voltage to a nozzle to eject an electrically-charged deposition material towards a substrate, and shaping one or more electric fields to control the trajectory of the electrically-charged deposition material. The deposition material is then deposited on the substrate in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a method of manufacturing a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) display device including dichroic dye. The method may include filling a mixture solution including liquid crystals, a photopolymerizable material, dichroic dyes, and liquid crystalline polymers in a space between a first electrode and a second electrode that face each other; applying an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode; and arranging the dichroic dyes in the mixture solution.

Abstract: Porous films with straight pores oriented normal to the plane of the films are produced through solution processing techniques. The production takes advantage of inorganic-surfactant or inorganic-polymer co-assembly and a patterned substrate. The patterned substrate, which is also produced via solution phase self-assembly, forces vertical orientation in a hexagonal cylinder system with no practical limits in substrate size or type. This provides a route to vertically oriented inorganic pores with a pitch ranging from 3 nm to over 15 nm and pore sizes ranging from 2 nm to over 12 nm. The size is tuned by choice the choice of organic templating agents and the deposition conditions. The pores can be produced with or without a capping layer which can be used to seal the nanopores.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for coating a substrate (60), in particular a printed circuit board (61), with a device (16) for applying a coating material (material applying device) and a device (14) for supplying a gaseous medium (gas supplying device), the material applying device having an inner tubular element (16). The apparatus is distinguished by the fact that the gas supplying device has an outer tubular element (14) which is arranged coaxially in relation to the inner tubular element (16) and encloses the latter, so that a gas supply channel (19) is formed between the outer tubular element (14) and the inner tubular element (16), the supply channel (19) being designed in such a way that the gaseous medium flows out parallel to the coating material, in order to displace the coating material when it impinges on the substrate (60) and in this way distribute it over the surface area. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for coating a substrate.

Abstract: Processes, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for forming products from atomized metals and alloys. A stream of molten alloy and/or a series of droplets of molten alloy are produced. The molten alloy is atomized to produce electrically-charged particles of the molten alloy by impinging electrons on the stream of molten alloy and/or the series of droplets of molten alloy. The electrically-charged molten alloy particles are accelerated with at least one of an electrostatic field and an electromagnetic field. The accelerating molten alloy particles are cooled to a temperature that is less than a solidus temperature of the molten alloy particles so that the molten alloy particles solidify while accelerating. The solid alloy particles are impacted onto a substrate and the impacting particles deform and metallurgically bond to the substrate to produce a solid alloy preform.

Abstract: A method for forming a layer of an LED phosphor material includes disposing a first surface in a proximity of a powder that includes an LED phosphor material, forming electrostatic charges on the first surface, and forming a layer of the LED phosphor material on the first surface at least partially by using the electrostatic charges. In an embodiment, the method includes disposing the first surface in an interior of a chamber and forming an airborne distribution of the powder in the interior of the chamber in a vicinity of the first surface. In another embodiment, the method includes providing a reservoir of the powder and applying to said phosphor powder an electrostatic charge opposite to that of said electrostatic charge on the first surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for priming a substrate by contacting the substrate with a primer fed from a primer source and depositing the primer on the substrate. Compared to other priming methods, the claimed priming gives better results because the deposition is carried out electrostatically.

Abstract: A cosmetics applicator includes a material surface (210) and a cosmetic preparation (220) provided on the surface. In one aspect, the cosmetics preparation is retained on the surface at least in part with the assistance of electrostatic attraction between the surface and the cosmetics preparation. In another aspect, a waxy or oily underlay is provided between the surface and the cosmetics preparation, and the material of the surface is selected to facilitate retention of the cosmetics preparation and the underlay while allowing a major proportion of the cosmetics preparation retained thereon to be transferred to a human skin surface in a single wiping pass of the cosmetics preparation across the skin surface.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for printing using paste like inks such as those used in intaglio printing, wherein the inks include specialty flakes such as thin film optically variable flakes, or diffractive flakes. The invention discloses an apparatus having an energy source such as a heat source for temporarily lessening the viscosity of the ink during alignment of the flakes within the ink.

Abstract: A carbon nanotube (CNT) attraction material is deposited on a substrate in the gap region between two electrodes on the substrate. An electric potential is applied to the two electrodes. The CNT attraction material is wetted with a solution defined by a carrier liquid having carbon nanotubes (CNTs) suspended therein. A portion of the CNTs align with the electric field and adhere to the CNT attraction material. The carrier liquid and any CNTs not adhered to the CNT attraction material are then removed.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to medical devices with therapy eluting components and methods for making same. More specifically, the invention relates to implantable medical devices having at least one porous layer, and methods for making such devices, and loading such devices with therapeutic agents. A mixture or alloy is placed on the surface of a medical device, then one component of the mixture or alloy is generally removed without generally removing the other components of the mixture or alloy. In some embodiments, a porous layer is adapted for bonding non-metallic coating, including drug eluting polymeric coatings. A porous layer may have a random pore structure or an oriented or directional grain porous structure. One embodiment of the invention relates to medical devices, including vascular stents, having at least one porous layer adapted to resist stenosis or cellular proliferation without requiring elution of therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems form structures from nanoparticles by: providing a source of nanoparticles, the particles being capable of being moved by application of a field, such as an electrical field, magnetic field and even electromagnetic radiation or fields such as light, UV, IR, radiowaves, radiation and the like; depositing the nanoparticles to a surface in a first distribution of the nanoparticles; applying a field to the nanoparticles on the surface that applies a force to the particles; and rearranging the nanoparticles on the surface by the force from the field to form a second distribution of nanoparticles on the surface. The second distribution of nanoparticles is more ordered or more patterned than the first distribution of nanoparticles as a result of the rearranging.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method of depositing graphene includes bringing a stamp into contact with a substrate over a contact area. The stamp has at least a few layers of the graphene covering the contact area. An electric field is developed over the contact area. The stamp is removed from the vicinity of the substrate which leaves at least a layer of the graphene substantially covering the contact area.

Abstract: Techniques for fabricating a structure from nanoparticles are generally described. Some example techniques are methods for fabricating an apparatus from nanoparticles. Example methods may include providing nanoparticles that are electrically charged with a first polarity and collecting the nanoparticles on a particle collection device having a second polarity opposite the first polarity. The nanoparticles can then be transferred onto a base structure from the particle collection device.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, there are field emission light emitting devices and methods of making them. The field emission light emitting device can include a plurality of spacers, each connecting a substantially transparent substrate to a backing substrate. The device can also include a plurality of pixels, wherein each of the plurality of pixels can include one or more first electrodes disposed over the substantially transparent substrate, a light emitting layer disposed over each of the one or more first electrodes, and one or more second electrodes disposed over the backing substrate, wherein the one or more second electrodes and the one or more first electrode are disposed at a predetermined gap in a low pressure region. Each of the plurality of pixels can further include one or more nanocylinder electron emitter arrays disposed over each of the one or more second electrodes.

Abstract: A monolayer or a multilayer of niobic acid nanosheets is attached to form a dielectric film, and other electrode is arranged on the surface of the dielectric film to construct a dielectric element, and the dielectric element thus provided realizes both high permittivity and good insulating properties even in a nano-region. Also provided is a method of producing the element at low temperatures with no influence of substrate interface deterioration and composition deviation thereof. The method entirely solves the problems of substrate interface deterioration and the accompanying composition deviation and electric incompatibility, and solves the intrinsic problem of “size effect” that the film thickness reduction to a nano-level lowers the specific permittivity and increases the leak current, and the method takes advantage of the peculiar properties and good ability of texture and structure regulation that the niobic acid nanosheet has.

Abstract: A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium is formed on a substrate (106) by dispersing in a fluid (104) a plurality of electrophoretic capsules (102), contacting at least a portion of a substrate (106) with the fluid (104); and applying a potential difference between at least a part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (104) and a counter-electrode (110) in electrical contact with the fluid (104), thereby causing capsules (102) to be deposited upon at least part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (102). Patterned coatings of capsules containing different colors may be deposited in registration with electrodes using multiple capsule deposition steps. Alternatively, patterned coatings of capsules may be formed by applying a fluid form of an electrophoretic medium to a substrate, and applying a temporally varying voltage between an electrode and the substrate. The process may be repeated to allow for deposition of full color displays.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal oxide fine particle layer, by which a metal oxide fine particle layer having uniformity and excellent in adhesion, abrasion resistance, strength, etc. can be formed easily compared with the conventional plating method, CVD method, liquid coating method, electrodeposition method or the like. The method comprises immersing a conductive substrate in a dispersion of metal oxide fine particles and fibrous fine particles and applying a direct-current voltage to the conductive substrate and the dispersion. The fibrous fine particles have a length (L) of 50 nm to 10 ?m, a diameter (D) of 10 nm to 2 ?m and an aspect ratio (L)/(D) of 5 to 1,000. The content of the fibrous fine particles in the dispersion is in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight in terms of solids content, based on the metal oxide fine particles.

Abstract: A method for fabricating graphene nanoribbons comprises the steps of providing a chamber with a first and a second cavity, which are separated by a divider that defines an opening to place the first cavity in fluid communication with the second cavity; positioning a graphite sample in the first cavity; positioning a container with a metal disposed therein in the second cavity; heating the container to expel a cloud of metal; injecting a gas into the second cavity to propel the cloud of metal through the opening and into the first cavity where it contacts the graphite sample to produce dislocation bands; removing the graphite sample from the chamber; and electrostatically depositing the dislocation bands on a substrate as graphene nanoribbons.

Abstract: A system for in-process orientation of particles used in direct-write inks for fabricating a component may include a device for polarizing direct-write particles in an aerosol. An outlet may direct the aerosol including the polarized direct-write particles on a substrate to form a component. An apparatus may cause the polarized direct-write particles to be aligned in a selected orientation to form the component with predetermined characteristics when deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A process for electrostatically coating a stent on a catheter. A conductor which is permanently affixed to the catheter contacts a stent mounted on the catheter. Conductive ink applied to the catheter may be used as the conductor. An electrical charge is applied to the conductor. The stent is then coated using an electrostatic coating process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for dry coating solid dosage forms. The method includes the steps of placing solid dosage forms in a rotatable, electrically grounded housing, and spraying a film forming polymer powder composition into the housing during rotation thereof to form a polymer coating on the solid dosage forms, the polymer powder composition being sprayed using an electrostatic spray gun, and curing the coated solid dosage forms.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a resin coated metal sheet. The method includes extruding a molten organic resin by heating from a T-die onto a metal sheet; dropping molten resin onto pre-rolls arranged between the T-die and lamination rolls, and bringing the molten resin in contact with the pre-rolls; and pressing the molten resin and the metal sheet by the lamination rolls to manufacture the resin-coated metal sheet. Electrically conductive bodies are arranged parallel to the widthwise direction of the pre-rolls, and the molten resin is dropped onto the pre-rolls in a state that an electric current is supplied to the conductive bodies, bringing the molten resin into contact with the pre-rolls by electrostatic pinning whereby an oligomer adhered to the pre-rolls is transferred to the surface of the molten resin and removed.

Abstract: A light active device includes a semiconductor particulate dispersed within a carrier material. A first contact layer is provided so on application of an electric field charge carriers having a polarity are injected into the semiconductor particulate through the carrier material. A second contact layer is provided so on application of the electric field to the second contact layer charge carriers having an opposite polarity are injected into the semiconductor particulate through the carrier material. The semiconductor particulate comprises at least one of an organic and an inorganic semiconductor. The semiconductor particulate may comprise an organic light active particulate. When constructed as a light emitting device, an electric field applied to the semiconductor particulate through the carrier causes charge carriers of opposite polarity to be injected into the semiconductor particulate. The charge carriers combine to form carrier pairs which decay and give off light.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of depositing material on a substrate, the method comprising the steps of: delivering from a first outlet a stream of droplets of a precursor liquid towards a substrate; applying an electric field between the first outlet and the substrate; and delivering from a second outlet a flow of fuel about the stream of droplets such as to provide an annular flame combustion region between the first outlet and the substrate through which at least a portion of the stream of droplets passes before reaching the substrate, whereby the precursor liquid is one or both of chemically reacted and decomposed to provide the deposited material.

Abstract: A method for arranging particles according to one aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming a thin film on a surface of a substrate, the thin film being obtained by dispersing first particles made of metal in a material, a surface of the material is to be charged to a first polarity in a predetermined solution; dispersing second particles in the solution, the second particles being charged to a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; immersing the thin film in the solution; and irradiating the thin film with light having a wavelength which causes plasmon resonance with surface plasmons of the metal particles.

Abstract: The medical devices of the invention comprise a portion having a porous surface for release of at least one biologically active agent therefrom. The porous surface is made of a material such as a polymer having a plurality of voids. To load the porous surface with a biologically active agent or drug, an electrophoresis method is employed. In this method, a device having a porous surface is placed into a drug solution or suspension, along with an electrode. An electric current is applied to the device and electrode. Under such a current, the drug, which has a positive or negative charge, will be loaded into the pores or voids of the porous surface.