Abstract: Various embodiments may provide a polarization device for polarizing electromagnetic waves. The polarization device may include a stacked arrangement including a medium and an anti-reflection coating in contact with the medium. The polarization device may also include a periodic array of polarization elements in contact with the medium. The polarization device may be configured to, based on an electric response and a magnetic response of the periodic array of the polarization elements, transmit first polarized electromagnetic waves having a first polarization and reflect second polarized electromagnetic waves having a second polarization upon receiving the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: An annealing separator for a grain oriented electrical steel sheet does not inhibit the flowability of an atmospheric gas during the final annealing of the coil-shaped product and can prevent the occurrence of surface roughness. The annealing separator contains 0.01-0.05 mass % of Cl, 0.05-0.15 mass % of B, 0.1-2 mass % of CaO and 0.03-1.0 mass % of P2O3, and is mainly composed of magnesia having: a degree of activity of citric acid of 30-120 seconds as measured at 40% CAA; a specific surface area of 8-50 m2/g as measured by a BET method; an amount of hydration of 0.5-5.2 mass % as measured in terms of ignition loss; and a content of particles each having a particle diameter of 45 ?m or more of 0.1 mass % or less, the annealing separator further containing a water-insoluble compound having a particle diameter of 45-150 ?m inclusive in an amount of 0.05-20 mass % inclusive.

Abstract: A thin film and a method of making a thin film. The thin film comprises a patterned substrate, a smooth film of electric field tuned quantum dots solution positioned on the patterned substrate, and a thin layer of metal positioned on the thin film. The method begins by drop-casting a quantum dots solution onto a patterned substrate to create a thin film. While the quantum dots solution is drying, a linearly increasing electric filed is applied. The thin film is then placed in a deposition chamber and a thin layer of metal is deposited onto the thin film. Also included are a method of measuring the photoinduced charge transfer (PCT) rate in a quantum dot nanocomposite film and methods of forming a Shottky barrier on a transparent ITO electrode of a quantum dot film.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for printing using paste like inks such as those used in intaglio printing, wherein the inks include specialty flakes such as thin film optically variable flakes, or diffractive flakes. The invention discloses an apparatus having an energy source such as a heat source for temporarily lessening the viscosity of the ink during alignment of the flakes within the ink.

Abstract: Techniques for forming metal catalyst particles on a metal tip, and nanostructures on a metal tip are provided.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method of depositing graphene includes bringing a stamp into contact with a substrate over a contact area. The stamp has at least a few layers of the graphene covering the contact area. An electric field is developed over the contact area. The stamp is removed from the vicinity of the substrate which leaves at least a layer of the graphene substantially covering the contact area.

Abstract: A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium is formed on a substrate (106) by dispersing in a fluid (104) a plurality of electrophoretic capsules (102), contacting at least a portion of a substrate (106) with the fluid (104); and applying a potential difference between at least a part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (104) and a counter-electrode (110) in electrical contact with the fluid (104), thereby causing capsules (102) to be deposited upon at least part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (102). Patterned coatings of capsules containing different colors may be deposited in registration with electrodes using multiple capsule deposition steps. Alternatively, patterned coatings of capsules may be formed by applying a fluid form of an electrophoretic medium to a substrate, and applying a temporally varying voltage between an electrode and the substrate. The process may be repeated to allow for deposition of full color displays.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal oxide fine particle layer, by which a metal oxide fine particle layer having uniformity and excellent in adhesion, abrasion resistance, strength, etc. can be formed easily compared with the conventional plating method, CVD method, liquid coating method, electrodeposition method or the like. The method comprises immersing a conductive substrate in a dispersion of metal oxide fine particles and fibrous fine particles and applying a direct-current voltage to the conductive substrate and the dispersion. The fibrous fine particles have a length (L) of 50 nm to 10 ?m, a diameter (D) of 10 nm to 2 ?m and an aspect ratio (L)/(D) of 5 to 1,000. The content of the fibrous fine particles in the dispersion is in the range of 0.1 to 20% by weight in terms of solids content, based on the metal oxide fine particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing a resin coated metal sheet. The method includes extruding a molten organic resin by heating from a T-die onto a metal sheet; dropping molten resin onto pre-rolls arranged between the T-die and lamination rolls, and bringing the molten resin in contact with the pre-rolls; and pressing the molten resin and the metal sheet by the lamination rolls to manufacture the resin-coated metal sheet. Electrically conductive bodies are arranged parallel to the widthwise direction of the pre-rolls, and the molten resin is dropped onto the pre-rolls in a state that an electric current is supplied to the conductive bodies, bringing the molten resin into contact with the pre-rolls by electrostatic pinning whereby an oligomer adhered to the pre-rolls is transferred to the surface of the molten resin and removed.

Abstract: A method for arranging particles according to one aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of: forming a thin film on a surface of a substrate, the thin film being obtained by dispersing first particles made of metal in a material, a surface of the material is to be charged to a first polarity in a predetermined solution; dispersing second particles in the solution, the second particles being charged to a second polarity opposite to the first polarity; immersing the thin film in the solution; and irradiating the thin film with light having a wavelength which causes plasmon resonance with surface plasmons of the metal particles.

Abstract: The medical devices of the invention comprise a portion having a porous surface for release of at least one biologically active agent therefrom. The porous surface is made of a material such as a polymer having a plurality of voids. To load the porous surface with a biologically active agent or drug, an electrophoresis method is employed. In this method, a device having a porous surface is placed into a drug solution or suspension, along with an electrode. An electric current is applied to the device and electrode. Under such a current, the drug, which has a positive or negative charge, will be loaded into the pores or voids of the porous surface.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, substrate-supported linear arrays are formed by the steps of adhering a thin layer of polymer between a pair of substrates and separating the substrates perpendicular to the layer. The polymer layer separates to form substrate-supported polymer gratings on both substrates, each grating having a period proportional to the thickness of the layer. The process has been used to make gratings with periods in the sub-micron range or larger over areas covering square centimeters.

Abstract: A method for coating at least a portion of a medical device is provided. The medical device has an insulator layer overlying an electrode on the insulator layer. The method includes arranging a liquid agent on at least the portion of the medical device. The method further includes applying an electrostatic potential to the electrode and applying another electrostatic potential to the liquid agent. A medical appliance having a coating applied by a method is provided. A system is provided for applying a liquid coating to a medical device.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a replica diffraction grating includes the steps of: forming a metal thin film on a grating surface of a master diffraction grating, adhering a replica substrate to the metal thin film via an adhesive, and removing the replica substrate so that the metal thin film in a reverse state is adhered on the replica substrate. In the method, before forming the metal thin film on the grating surface of the master diffraction grating, the grating surface is coated with a fluorine surface treating agent as a release agent. Then, the metal thin film is formed with vacuum vapor deposition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an optical connector, an apparatus for producing the same, and a process for forming a polymer coating film on an end face of a fibrous dielectric, which can dispose a refractive index adjuster only onto an end face of an optical transmitting medium with excellent reproducibility. Such a process includes bringing an end surface of the optical transmitting medium close to an end face of a liquid refractive index adjuster, while charging at least one of the optical transmitting medium and the liquid refractive index adjuster, thereby adhering the liquid refractive index adjuster to the end face of the optical transmitting medium, and thereafter solidifying the adhered liquid refractive index adjuster to obtain the refractive index adjuster.

Abstract: A method for electrostatic spraying of an abluminal surface of a stent is provided.

Abstract: A coating of an encapsulated electrophoretic medium is formed on a substrate (106) by dispersing in a fluid (104) a plurality of electrophoretic capsules (102), contacting at least a portion of a substrate (106) with the fluid (104); and applying a potential difference between at least a part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (104) and a counter-electrode (110) in electrical contact with the fluid (104), thereby causing capsules (102) to be deposited upon at least part of the portion of the substrate (106) contacting the fluid (102). Patterned coatings of capsules containing different colors may be deposited in registration with electrodes using multiple capsule deposition steps. Alternatively, a patterned coating may be deposited upon a substrate containing a conductive layer by varying the conductivity of the conductive layer by radiation exposure or by coating portions of the conductive layer with an insulating layer, typically a photoresist.

Abstract: The invention concerns to the use of a powder comprising 99.95 to 95% of at least one polyamide and 0.05 to 5% of at least one silane for coating metals. This powder may be prepared by simple dry blending of the constituents. The silane can also be added to the molten polyamide in a mixing device and the resulting product reduced to powder. The addition of silane makes it possible to significantly improve electrostatic application by preventing a substantial portion of the powder from falling off during the electrostatic discharge which follows application, while providing lasting adhesion between the coating and metal. Advantageously, the silane is chosen from aminopropyltriethoxysilane and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The invention also concerns a method of coating an object with a film resulting from melting a thin layer of the powder.

Abstract: Aqueous electrophoretic lacquer capable of being deposited cataphoretically, containing A) an aqueous dispersion of cationically modified polyurethane (meth)acrylates (a1) with terminal, ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds, and reactive thinner (a2) with at least two ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds, the (meth)acrylic double bonds of the mixture of (a1) and (a2) corresponding to a bromine number of 20 to 150 g bromine/100 g solids, and B) photoinitiators and optionally free-radical initiators capable of thermal activation, the terminal, ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds of the polyurethane (meth)acrylates being bonded with the anionically modified polyurethane prepolymer via urethane, urea, amide or ester groups, and optionally conventional auxiliary substances and additives, pigments and/or fillers.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for spin-coating a semiconductor substrate, including (a) a rotary table rotatable in opposite directions, (b) a nozzle dropping coating material onto a semiconductor substrate lying on the rotary table, (c) an electrode having a ring-shaped cross-section and disposed around the rotary table, and (d) a power source applying a voltage to the electrode, the voltage having an electric polarity opposite to an electric polarity of the coating material. Coating material dropped onto the semiconductor substrate is attracted to an electric field generated by the electrode around the semiconductor substrate. Hence, the coating material is not concentrated around a center of the semiconductor substrate, but is facilitated to uniformly spread over the semiconductor substrate, ensuring formation of a coating layer having a uniform thickness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manufacturing optical components. A burner generates soot, and a surface area collector collects the soot. The burner is disposed such that the soot collected within the surface area collector is substantially not reheated by subsequently deposited soot. Magnetic forces direct the soot to desired location(s) within the surface area collector. The surface area collector operates at relatively low temperatures sufficient to retain rather volatile substances, such as fluorine, in the soot.

Abstract: A method and a device involving an electric iris diaphragm/shutter are disclosed for controlling particle transfer of electrically charged medication powder particles from a source to a defined target area, of a substrate. Spatial distribution of particles onto the target area is achieved by an electro-dynamic field technique (320) applied to the distribution and deposition of particles in a dose forming process. An electric iris diaphragm/shutter (130) is located between a particle generator (110) and the substrate (140) such that all particles must pass the iris diaphragm for being transferred to the substrate. By adjusting amplitude and frequency of a superimposed AC potential (136) charged particles will oscillate in the created AC field such that only small light particles will emerge from the iris diaphragm/shutter for further transfer in the dose forming process.

Abstract: Aqueous, anodically precipitable electrodeposition lacquer, containing A) an aqueous dispersion consisting of anionically modified polyurethane (meth)acrylates (a1) having terminal, ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds, and reactive thinners (a2) having at least two ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds, whereby the (meth)acrylic double bonds from the mixture comprising (a1) and (a2) correspond to a bromine number of 20 to 150 g bromine/100 g solids, and B) optionally photo-initiators and/or optionally thermally activable radical initiators, whereby the terminal ethylenically unsaturated (meth)acrylic double bonds from the polyurethane (meth)acrylates are bonded to the anionically modified polyurethane prepolymer via urethane, urea, amide or ester groups, and optionally conventional auxiliary substances and additives, pigments and/or fillers.

Abstract: The invention provides a cathodic electrocoat coating composition having (A) a polymer comprising at least one primary carbamate group and at least one cationic salting site, (B) a curing agent having groups that are reactive with said functional groups on (A), and (C) a reactive additive comprising at least one compound having a molecular weight of from 131 to 2000 and comprising at least one primary carbamate group and at least one alkyl group selected from the group consisting of branched alkyl groups of from 5 to 30 carbons, straight chain alkyl groups of more than 10 carbons, and mixtures thereof, wherein one or both of (A) and (B) comprise groups that are reactive with the primary carbamate group of (C).

Abstract: There is provided a method for applying a lower viscosity coating liquid onto a semiconductor wafer substrate so as to prevent adhesion loss and to maintain low defect level characteristics. This is achieved by priming the substrate with a bonding agent at a temperature in the range of 18° C. to 50° C. for a short amount of time. This is performed prior to the application of a liquid solvent. As a result, there is overcome the problems of poor adhesion to the substrates and high defect levels in the coated UTR films.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polyether urethane of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes H or an alkyd (sic) radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms,R.sup.2 denotes an alkylene radical of 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a cycloalkylene radical of 6 to 20 carbon atoms or an arylene radical of 6 to 20 carbon atoms,R.sup.3, R.sup.4 denote an optionally substituted alkyl radical of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a joint ring whose members are R.sup.3 and R.sup.4,n denotes 2 to 1800m denotes 1 to 15.The invention further relates to a process for its preparation, to a flow-out agent for water-borne paints and to the use of the polyether urethanes as flow-out agents in water-borne, cathodically depositable electro-coating paints.

Abstract: A Pulse Detonation Synthesis (PDS) process for the manufacture and deposition of ceramic powders and coatings is disclosed. PDS may use multiple detonation pulses that are initiated in a reaction chamber to synthesize ceramic materials from reactants introduced into the chamber. The reactants may be provided in the form of divided solids, gases, liquids, gels, and/or mixtures of the foregoing. The synthesized ceramic materials may take the form of micron and/or nano-scale powders or coatings. Non-coating powders may be collected for later use. The coatings produced by the present invention include, but are not limited to, gradient coatings, uniform coatings, thermal barrier coatings, and other commercially useful coatings.

Abstract: A method for forming a patterned metallic layer on a substrate is employed to form a first layer on top surface of the substrate. A patterned mask layer is then deposited on top of the first layer, thereby exposing selected portions of the first layer. Thereafter, a second and a third layers are successively formed on top of the selected portions of the first layer, and the patterned mask layer is removed. Subsequently, the first layer is removed except the portions thereof intervening between the top surface of the substrate and the second layer by using a dry etching method to thereby form the patterned metallic layer including the second layer and the exposed portions of the first layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the accurate formation of a three-dimensional article comprises providing a first quantity and a second quantity of substantially uniform size droplets of a desired material wherein each droplet has a positive or negative charge. Each quantity of droplets is focused or aligned into a narrow stream by passing the droplets through or adjacent an alignment means which repels each droplet toward an axis extending through the alignment means. The droplets are deposited in a predetermined pattern at a predetermined rate onto a target to form the three-dimensional article without a mold of the shape of the three-dimensional article. The droplets of the first quantity and the second quantity are supplied at different distances, whereby the droplets of the first quantity bond to each other and the droplets of the second quantity do not bond to each other or to the first quantity of droplets.

Abstract: A titanium-based carbonitride grade for finishing and semi-finishing turning operations with excellent properties is obtained starting from a titanium-based carbonitride grade used for milling operations. The carbon content of a conventional titanium-based carbonitride grade used for milling operations is optimized in such a way that it is close to the point where .eta.-phase or other substoichiometric phases are formed. The improved titanium-based carbonitride is also provided with a thin wear resistant Ti-containing coating deposited preferably by PVD technique.

Abstract: Changing (varying, irregular) resist thickness on semiconductor wafers having irregular top surface topography or having different island sizes, affects the percent reflectance (and absorption efficiency) of incident photolithographic light, and consequently the critical dimensions of underlying features being formed (e.g., polysilicon gates). A low solvent content resist solution that can be applied as an aerosol provides a more uniform thickness resist film, eliminating or diminishing photoresist thickness variations. A top antireflective coating (TAR) also aids in uniformizing reflectance, despite resist thickness variations. The two techniques can be used alone, or together. Hence, better control over underlying gate size can be effected, without differential biasing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing an InSb thin film, which comprises a step of physically sticking InSb powder onto a major surface of a substrate, and a step of depositing an InSb thin film on the major surface of the substrate provided with the as-stuck InSb powder by a method such as vacuum evaporation.

Abstract: An electrospray coating head system for applying thin coating to a substrate comprising a slot or blade to meter a liquid onto a shaping structure which forces the liquid to have a single continuous and substantially constant radius of curvature around the shaping structure. A voltage applied to the liquid around the shaping structure causes the liquid to produce a series of filaments which are spatially and temporally fixed, the number of filaments being defined by a simple adjustment in the applied voltage. The filaments break up into a uniform mist of charge droplets and are driven to a substrate by electric fields to produce a coating.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for projecting liquid in the form of a sheet for deposition on a target comprises a nozzle having a slot 10 of width not less than 250 microns to which the liquid is supplied. High voltage is applied to the liquid and the liquid is supplied to the slot at a flow rate such that the liquid is formed as, and is maintained in the form of, a sheet by preponderantly electrostatic forces thereby effecting deposition of the sheet on to the target.

Abstract: A time-efficient method for smoothing a surface 20 of an applied coating composition 22 is disclosed herein. In particular, the present invention sets forth a technique for expediting the subsidence of coating surface nonmetallic vertical irregularities R1, R2. The technique of the present invention is applied subsequent to the application of the coating composition 22 to an electrically conductive object 24, which results in the formation of a coating surface 20. The technique of the present invention includes the step of generating electrically charged particles 40 in a volume of space adjacent to the coating surface 20. The charged particles 40 cause an electric field to develop across the coating composition 22, which induces the charged particles 40 to exert pressure on the coating surface 20.