Abstract: An inkjet printing method includes the steps of jetting ink dots on a substrate of a plurality- of radiation curable inkjet inks having a viscosity of no more than 50 mPa·s at 25° C. and a shear rate of 90 s?1, the plurality of radiation curable inkjet inks including a) at least one non-polymerizable, non-polymeric bisacylphosphine oxide present in a concentration of no more than 4.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer system is described herein for preparing and/or modifying biological implants and prostheses. In one aspect, the polymer system once applied to the surface of a biological implant or prosthesis, or once used in preparing a biological implant or prosthesis comprises a surface that is more hydrophilic, more wettable, more comfortable, resists cell adhesion, resists protein deposition, or a combination thereof. In one embodiment, a coated biological implant or prosthetic is described herein. The coated biological implant or prosthetic comprises a substrate forming the basic structure of the implant or prosthetic, and a coating comprising a polymer, where the coating is capable of resisting cell adhesion, protein deposition, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for coating metal surfaces, in particular surfaces of wheels made of an aluminum alloy, in a multi-step method, wherein the metallic surfaces are first contacted with an aqueous composition predominantly containing silane/silanol/siloxane/polysiloxane and thereafter contacted with an aqueous composition predominantly containing at least one phosphonic compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aqueous effect basecoat material comprising at least one liquid-crystalline aqueous preparation (WZ) in fractions of 1% to 99% by weight, based on the aqueous basecoat material, at least one film-forming polymer (FP), and at least one effect pigment (EP).

Abstract: A multi-layer body includes a carrier film, a release layer, an embossed hologram layer, and a vapor-plated reflection layer. An adhesive layer is UV activated and includes a partially activated zone. Cured adhesive regions connect a transparent polycarbonate film and parts of the embossed hologram layer to one another inseparably. The cured adhesive regions are arranged about the periphery of an uncured adhesive region of the adhesive layer to form a frame around the uncured adhesive region. A forgery-proof document is produced using the multi-layer body. Uncured adhesive regions of the multi-layer body are partially cured with UV light through an information-carrying optical mask. The carrier film is removed together with the release layer and non-bonded embossed hologram layer regions. An upper protective film is applied to individualized embossed hologram layers and is hot pressed together with additional films.

Abstract: Disclosed is a curable composition for nanoimprinting, which includes one or more polymerizable monomers, in which one or more monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers occupy 90 percent by weight or more of the one or more polymerizable monomers, and the one or more monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers give a polymer having a glass transition temperature of 25° C. or higher. The one or more monofunctional radically polymerizable monomers are preferably at least one compound selected from (meth)acrylic ester compounds, styrenic compounds, and vinyl ether compounds.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid, or resin, useful for the production by additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object of polyurethane, polyurea, or a copolymer thereof, is described. The resin includes at least one of (i) a blocked or reactive blocked prepolymer, (ii) a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate, or (iii) a blocked or reactive blocked diisocyanate chain extender.

Abstract: A non-aqueous wellbore servicing fluid comprising a rheology modifier wherein the rheology modifier comprises a reaction product of a polysulfide, a dimer acid and a polyfunctional amine. A method of conducting an oilfield operation comprising placing an oil-based mud comprising a rheology modifier into a wellbore wherein the rheology modifier comprises a reaction product of a polysulfide, a dimer acid and a polyfunctional amine.

Abstract: A free radical curable liquid for inkjet printing of food packaging materials includes no initiator or otherwise one or more initiators selected from the group consisting of non-polymeric di- or multifunctional initiators, oligomeric initiators, polymeric initiators, and polymerizable initiators; and a polymerizable composition of the liquid consists essentially of: a) 25-100 wt % of one or more polymerizable compounds A having at least one acrylate group G1 and at least one second ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable functional group G2 selected from the group consisting of a vinlyether group, an allylether group, and a allylester group; b) 0-55 wt % of one or more polymerizable compounds B selected from the group consisting of monofunctional acrylates and difunctional acrylates; and c) 0-55 wt % of one or more polymerizable compounds C selected from the group consisting of trifunctional acrylates, tetrafunctional acrylates, pentafunctional acrylates and hexafunctional acrylates.

Abstract: After applying an ultraviolet ray hardening resin composite 30 on a print pattern 22 of dry state and also permeating the resin composite through the print pattern to thereby reproduce the adhesion of the print pattern 22, the print pattern 22 is transferred under water pressure onto the surface of article 10 to form the decoration layer 22D on the surface of the article 10. Then, the preliminary irradiation of ultraviolet ray permeating only near the surface of this decoration layer 22D is performed to form a fine surface height variation portion 23 by shrinkage of ink in the surface of the ink printing portion of the decoration layer 22D. Thereafter, the complete irradiation of ultraviolet ray permeating through the total thickness of the decoration layer 22D is performed to completely harden the total thickness of the decoration layer 22D while maintaining the surface height variation portion 23. This enables the matting of the decoration layer in a controlled state without applying a topcoat.

Abstract: The electrode of the present invention includes a current collector and an active material-containing layer formed on one side or both sides of the current collector. The active material-containing layer has a thickness of 20 to 200 ?m per one side of the current collector, and diethyl carbonate permeates the active material-containing layer at a rate of 0.1 g/(cm2·min) or higher. Further, the method for producing an electrode of the present invention includes the steps of: forming an electrode precursor by forming an active material-containing layer on one side or both sides of a current collector; and compressing the electrode precursor. In the electrode precursor forming step, the active material-containing layer is formed such that the active material-containing layer has a higher porosity in a portion close to the current collector then in other portions.

Abstract: A disclosed method for producing a hollow cell array structure includes a first step of layering a deformable material capable of being plastically deformed under a predetermined condition on a first substrate, the first substrate having plural, mutually separated depressions in a surface thereof, such that the deformable material forms mutually isolated spaces in the corresponding depressions; a second step of expanding the spaces in the plural depressions by inducing a gas pressure of the spaces while extending the deformable material on the first substrate, such that plural hollow cells are simultaneously formed in correspondence to the plural depressions in predetermined directions; and a third step of selectively solidifying portions of the plural hollow cells by selectively applying ultraviolet rays thereto.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel process for the conformal coating of polymer fibers of nonwoven substrates. This process is based on modification of polymer fiber surfaces by controlling the degree of etching and oxidation to improve adhesion of initiators to the surface and to facilitate subsequent conformal polymer grafting. The modified fiber surfaces render new functionalities to the surface, such as increased hydrophilicity, attached ligands or changed surface energy. The invention includes the modified polymer fibers produced by the process described herein.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming a surface relief microstructure, especially an optically variable image on a paper substrate are provided, the method comprising the steps of: A) applying a curable composition to at least a portion of the frontside of the paper substrate; B) contacting at least a portion of the curable composition with surface relief microstructure, especially optically variable image forming means; C) curing the composition by using at least one UV lamp (1, 2, 3) which is arranged on the backside of the paper substrate; D) optionally depositing a layer of a transparent high refractive index material and/or a metallic layer on at least a portion of the cured composition, wherein the lamp (1, 2, 3) having emission peak(s) in the UV-A and near VIS range and the curable composition comprises at least a photoinitiator which absorbs in the UV-A region and preferably in the near VIS range.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hard coating film and a preparation method thereof, and, more particularly, to a hard coating film having high hardness and excellent properties and a method of preparing the same. The method is advantageous in that a high-hardness hard coating film, which is not easily curled, can be easily prepared. The hard coating film prepared by this method can be usefully used in various fields because it has high hardness, scratch resistance, transparency, durability, light resistance, light transmittance and the like.

Abstract: The invention provides a zwitterionic-bias material for blood cell selection, being a copolymer formed by zwitterionic structural units and charged structural units wherein the zwitterionic structural unit comprises at least one positively charged moiety and one negatively charged moiety, a distance between the positively charged moiety and the negatively charged moiety is a length of 1˜5 carbon-carbon bonds, and the zwitterionic structural units and charged structural units are randomly arranged to have zwitterionic-bias.

Abstract: A method for creating a wood like appearance on a synthetic shutter using a sales client device, a network, computer instructions for creating a work order, a tray with scannable tray identifier to hold a shutter, a production client device connected to the network with computer instructions for applying a base coat, a glaze, and a top coat with spray treatment devices to the shutter as it automatically moves on a conveyer system. Scanning a scannable tray identifier with a plurality of sensors to link the tray identifier to the work order and to authenticate and validate the location of the tray on the conveyor system, or to initiate an alerting device. The method uses temperature control environments to control humidity and heating of the shutter while spraying, drying and UV curing.

Abstract: A curable composition comprising: (i) 2.5 to 50 wt % crosslinker comprising at least two acrylamide groups; (ii) 20 to 65 wt % curable ionic compound comprising an ethylenically unsaturated group and an anionic group; (iii) 15 to 45 wt % solvent; and (iv) 0 to 10 wt % of free radical initiator; wherein the molar ratio of (i):(ii) is 0.1 to 1.5. The compositions are useful for preparing ion exchange membranes.

Abstract: A method of forming a single-mode polymer waveguide array connector that provides precise alignment of a plurality of cores of polymer waveguide arrays with respect to an absolute reference position, such as a guide pin hole in a ferrule, when the polymer waveguide array connector is connected to another polymer waveguide array connector or provides precise alignment of a plurality of cores of a polymer waveguide array and a fiber array with respect to the absolute reference position when the polymer waveguide array connector is connected to a single-mode fiber array connector. A plurality of cores of single-mode polymer waveguide arrays or single-mode fiber arrays is precisely aligned with each other. In addition, there is provided a combination of a plurality of molds, e.g., a first mold (A) and a second mold (B), used in a plurality of processes in a specific method.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide methods and apparatus for forming intermediate transfer belts (ITBs) by combining a dip-coating process with a UV-curing process. In an embodiment, an ITB substrate can be immersed into a liquid coating composition contained in a dip tank and then withdrawn from the liquid coating composition. When exiting the dip tank, the coated substrate can enter a UV-curing chamber for a UV-curing process. Multiple cycles of dip-coating and UV-curing can be performed such that a desired ITB substrate coating layer thickness can be obtained. After coating the ITB substrate, the UV-cured coating composition can be released from the ITB substrate, wherein the UV-cured coating composition released from the ITB substrate forms the intermediate transfer belt.

Abstract: Multilayer coating systems, methods of applying and related substrates are disclosed. The coating system may comprise a first coating comprising a near-IR absorber, and a second coating deposited on a least a portion of the first coating. Methods of applying a multilayer coating composition to a substrate may comprise applying a first coating comprising a near-IR absorber, applying a second coating over at least a portion of the first coating and curing the coating with near infrared radiation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provide for: a glass substrate having first and second opposing surfaces, and a plurality of edge surfaces extending transversely between the first and second opposing surfaces; a layer disposed on, and adhered to, at least one of the first, second, and edge surfaces of the substrate, where the layer includes: (i) one of an oligomer and resin; (ii) a monomer; and (iii) nanometer-sized silica particles of at least about 2-50 weight percent.

Abstract: The invention provides a broadband cholesteric liquid crystal film, a method for fabricating the same, a polarization device employing the same, and high light efficiency liquid crystal display employing the same. The cholesteric liquid crystal film is a single-layer liquid crystal material structure, and has a top surface and a bottom surface. Further, the cholesteric liquid crystal film includes a first region, a second region, and a third region, and the first region is adjacent to the top surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal film, the third region is adjacent to the bottom surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal film, and the second region is located between the first and third regions, and the average helical pitch P1 of the first region and the average helical pitch P3 of the third region are both larger than the average helical pitch P2 of the second region.

Abstract: A method for a layer-wise manufacturing of a three-dimensional object has a first step of providing a layer of a material in powder form or a liquid material on a support or a layer that has already been solidified at selected positions previously and a second step of directing a focussed photon or particle beam (8?) selectively at selected positions of the layer. In the second step, the photon or particle beam is selected such that it brings about a change of the absorption of the material when hitting the layer. After the termination of the second step, a third step is carried out, in which the layer is irradiated by means of electromagnetic radiation (18?) such that the material is homogenously solidified at those positions of the layer that correspond to the cross-section of the object to be formed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

Abstract: Processes for coating substrates and the related substrates are disclosed herein. A one-component base coating composition is applied onto a substrate and a one-component top coating composition is applied wet-on-wet onto the applied base coating composition. The coating compositions are based on aqueous acrylate/polyurethane dispersions. The top coating composition is applied after the applied base coating composition develops a pendulum hardness of at least 50% of the pendulum hardness that would be exhibited by the base coating composition after UV cure. The applied coatings exposed to UV radiation to simultaneously cure both the base coating composition and the top coating composition.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for fabricating a liquid crystal display, including: providing a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the first substrate and the second substrate are disposed oppositely to each other; filling a mixed solution between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the mixed solution comprises a plurality of liquid crystal molecules and a plurality of monomers; performing a UV light irradiation process to the mixed solution, wherein the monomers are polymerized to form a first alignment control layer on a surface of the first substrate facing the liquid crystal molecules, and form a second alignment control layer on a surface of the second substrate facing the liquid crystal molecules, and the thickness of the first alignment control layer and that of the second alignment control layer have a ratio of about 1/2-2/1.

Abstract: A process for producing polymeric films by applying a liquid composition onto a surface of a substrate under vacuum conditions in a vacuum chamber. The composition has a first component which is polymerizable or crosslinkable in the presence of a sufficient amount of an acid; and a cationic photoinitiator which generates an acid upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation, electron beam radiation or both to cause polymerizing or crosslinking of the first component. A gas which emits ultraviolet radiation upon exposure to electron beam radiation is introduced into the vacuum chamber. The composition and the gas are exposed to electron beam radiation to cause the cationic photoinitiator to generate an amount of an acid to cause polymerizing or crosslinking of the first component. The composition is exposed to both electron beam radiation and gas-generated ultraviolet radiation and cured.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for synthesizing nanocomposite materials including ferromagnetic nanoparticles with polymer shells formed by controlled surface polymerization. The polymer shells prevent the nanoparticles from forming agglomerates and preserve the size dispersion of the nanoparticles. The nanocomposite particles can be further networked in suitable polymer hosts to tune mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of the final composite polymer system. An exemplary method includes forming a polymer shell on a nanoparticle surface by adding molecules of at least one monomer and optionally of at least one tethering agent to the nanoparticles, and then exposing to electromagnetic radiation at a wavelength selected to induce bonding between the nanoparticle and the molecules, to form a polymer shell bonded to the particle and optionally to a polymer host matrix. The nanocomposite materials can be used in various magneto-optic applications.

Abstract: A process for preparing a membrane comprising applying a curable composition to a porous support and curing the composition, wherein the composition comprises: a) a curable ionic compound; b) a first crosslinking agent; c) a second crosslinking agent; d) an inert solvent; and e) optionally a free radical initiator; wherein the second crosslinking agent has a melting point below 80° C. Also claimed are the compositions and membranes obtainable by using the process.

Abstract: Disclosed are a UV hardening composition having improved light resistance, a three dimensional film, and a method for manufacturing the three dimensional film. Particularly, the UV hardening composition having improved light resistance may be used in interior materials and the like for a vehicle which generally are substantially exposed to UV rays. In addition, the UV hardening composition may also be used for indoor electronic products. The UV hardening composition according to the present invention includes a urethane acrylate resin, a polyester acrylate resin, a UV absorber, a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), an antioxidant and the like. Further, the three dimensional film including the UV hardening composition may be advantageous due to the improvement in the carbon pattern three dimensional effect formed in the three dimensional film.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fuel cell component includes the steps of providing a mask having a plurality of radiation transparent apertures, a radiation-sensitive material having a sensitivity to the plurality of radiation beams, and a flow field layer. The radiation-sensitive material is disposed on the flow field layer. The radiation-sensitive material is then exposed to the plurality of radiation beams through the radiation transparent apertures in the mask to form a diffusion medium layer with a micro-truss structure.

Abstract: Disclosed is a double-sided adhesive tape that has a difference in adhesion between the front and rear sides thereof and can be produced to have a reduced thickness by a simple method. The double-sided adhesive tape is a sheet-shaped cured product of an adhesive composition containing a resin composition and an inorganic filler. The resin composition contains (A) an acrylate-based monomer, (B) a monomer copolymerizable with (A), (C) a photopolymerization initiator, and (D) a photo-crosslinking agent. The inorganic filler has an average particle diameter of 30 ?m or less and is localized on one side of the tape. The surface roughness (center line average roughness Ra) of the tape surface on the side on which the inorganic filler is localized is 0.01 to 0.50 ?m.

Abstract: The use of a composition which is liquid under standard conditions (20° C., 1 bar) as a coating material, wherein the composition comprises a) an unsaturated polyester resin composed of ?-olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acids, polyols, and optionally further compounds, b) compounds with vinyl ether groups (vinyl ethers for short), and c) optionally ?-olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acids or their monoesters or diesters, where the sum of the double bonds of the ?-olefinically unsaturated polycarboxylic acids from a) and optionally of the compounds c) to the double bonds of the vinyl ethers b) is in a molar ratio of 1.3:1 to 0.8:1.

Abstract: A display crystal display includes a liquid crystal display panel, a polarizing plate disposed on at least one surface of the liquid crystal display panel, and a retardation layer disposed between the liquid crystal display panel and the polarizing plate.

Abstract: Embodiments include systems, apparatuses, and methods of thin metal-organic film deposition with inkjet printheads. A method of depositing a metal-organic thin film over a substrate includes introducing chemical precursors into one or more piezoelectric printheads. The chemical precursors including a metallic compound and a reactive liquid or gas. The method further includes dispensing droplets or a stream of the chemical precursors with the piezoelectric printheads onto a surface of the substrate supported by a stage in a vacuum chamber.

Abstract: The present application relates to a liquid crystal composition, a liquid crystal cell, a liquid crystal film, and methods of preparing the same. As an exemplary liquid crystal composition, according to the present application can provide a liquid crystal layer aligned without a special alignment layer. According to the liquid crystal composition, all of the liquid crystal cell, in which the liquid crystal layer is maintained in a non-polymerized state, and the liquid crystal film prepared by polymerizing the liquid crystal layer can be provided.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film of the present invention comprises an optical film; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer laminated on at least one side of the optical film, wherein the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed from an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive comprising a (meth)acrylic polymer comprising 30 to 99.99% by weight of an alkyl(meth)acrylate monomer unit and 0.01 to 15% by weight of a functional group-containing monomer unit, and the (meth)acrylic polymer in the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is crosslinked by electron beam irradiation. The pressure-sensitive adhesive optical film has a high level of reworkability, durability and workability.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for heating a polymer article reinforced with electrically conductive embedded fibers, comprising the steps of applying an outer, electrically non-conductive coating so as to cover exposed electrically conductive fibers, and irradiating the coated, fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer article with microwaves within a predetermined frequency range so as to heat up the coated, fiber-reinforced thermosetting polymer article by dielectric heating.

Abstract: An optical sheet, which can suitably absorb external light over a wide range and can improve a contrast, a display device, and a method for producing an optical sheet. The optical sheet is disposed on an observer side relative to an image light source and includes a plurality of layers that control light emitted from the image light source to emit the light on the observer side, at least one of the plurality of layers is an optical functional sheet layer which includes prisms being arranged in parallel along the surface of the optical sheet whereby light can be transmitted and wedge portions are being arranged in parallel between the prisms whereby light can be absorbed. At least one of the plurality of layers other than the optical functional sheet layer is a light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: The method for patterning a polymer layer arranged on a support comprises deposition of a layer made from a lithium-based polymerization inhibitor material on a first area of the support, deposition of a cationically polymerizable material on the polymerization inhibitor layer and on a second area of the support, application of polymerization treatment resulting in a non-solidified sacrificial layer in the first area and the polymer layer in the second area, and elimination of the sacrificial layer.

Abstract: An inkjet-based process for programmable deposition of thin films of a user-defined profile. Drops of a pre-cursor liquid organic material are dispensed at various locations on a substrate by a multi-jet. A superstrate that has been bowed due to a backside pressure is brought down such that a first contact of the drops is made by a front side of the superstrate thereby initiating a liquid front that spreads outward merging with the drops to form a contiguous film captured between the substrate and the superstrate. A non-equilibrium transient state of the superstrate, the contiguous film and the substrate then occurs after a duration of time. The contiguous film is then cured to crosslink it into a polymer. The superstrate is then separated from the polymer thereby leaving a polymer film on the substrate. In such a manner, non-uniform films can be formed without significant material wastage in an inexpensive manner.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a film, including: applying, onto a substrate, a photocurable composition containing a polymerizable monomer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a photosensitive gas generator that generates a gas through light stimulation to form an applied film; bringing a mold into contact with the applied film; irradiating the applied film with light through the mold to cure the applied film and to generate the gas in the applied film; and releasing the mold from the applied film after the irradiation of the applied film with the light to form a film (cured film) having a predetermined pattern shape on the substrate, in which in the irradiation of the applied film with the light, a reaction rate of a polymerization reaction of the polymerizable monomer in the applied film is higher than a reaction rate of a gas-generating reaction of the photosensitive gas generator in the applied film.

Abstract: A molding method includes drawing cross-section elements of a three-dimensional object as a molding target on a drawing surface of a drawing stand with a liquid whose curing is precipitated by receiving activation energy as cross-section patterns; applying the activation energy to the liquid configuring the cross-section patterns in a state in which the cross-section patterns is pinched between the drawing stand and a molding stand; and detaching the cross-section patterns after being applied with the activation energy from the drawing stand and transferring the cross-section patterns to the molding stand side, wherein the drawing surface has a liquid repellent area that is an area representing liquid repellency for the liquid and a lyophilic area that is independently formed in an island shape within the liquid repellent area and is an area representing lyophillicity stronger than that of the liquid repellent area for the liquid.

Abstract: Provided is an optically-anisotropic-layer-forming composition usable to make it possible to produce an optically anisotropic film high in transparency. The composition is an optically-anisotropic-layer-forming composition including a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent (1) that is a lactone solvent having a boiling point of 200° C. or higher. This composition preferably further includes a solvent (2) different from the solvent (1). The content by percentage of the solvent (1) in this composition is preferably from 1 to 70% by mass of the total of the solvents (1) and (2). The solvent (1) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ?-butyrolactone, ?-valerolactone, and ?-valerolactone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fabricating an interlayer, and particularly relates to a method for fabricating an interlayer PCBM which is difficult to be dissolved in organic solvents. The solubility of the interlayer (PCBM) in organic solvents is decreased by polymerization of the interlayer (PCBM). Therefore, the thickness of the interlayer (PCBM) can be efficiently controlled, and the yield rate and efficiency of photoelectric devices can be improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a printing ink and in particular to an ink for ink-jet printing which is cured by irradiation. The ink comprises at least one radiation-curable monomer; at least one passive thermoplastic resin; at least one radical photoinitiator; and at least one colouring agent; wherein the ink has a viscosity of less than 100 mPas at 25° C., and wherein the at least one passive resin is present at 2 to 15 wt % based on the total weight of the ink and has a molecular weight of 1,500 to 70,000.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic composite comprising an inorganic compound particle and a polymer attached to the inorganic compound particle, wherein a molecular weight distribution of the polymer is 2.3 or less, and a content of the inorganic compound particle is 96% by mass or less with respect to a total mass of the organic-inorganic composite. Moreover, the present invention relates to a photonic crystal, an organic-inorganic composite film, a coating material, and a thermoplastic composition comprising the organic-inorganic composite.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing the retardation film. The method includes providing a microstructure substrate. The microstructure substrate has a plurality of protruding portions and a plurality of recessed portions alternatively arranged. The method further includes forming an optical alignment layer on the microstructure substrate. The method further includes applying a polarized ultraviolet (UV) to the optical alignment layer above the microstructure substrate. The polarized UV is applied in a diffusion angle from normal vector of the microstructure substrate such that the optical alignment layer forms a uniform alignment angle, and the diffusion angle is substantially 20°-60°.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal photo-alignment layer that is composed of polymer stabilized azo dyes is provided, where a polymer network is introduced in the photo-alignment layer for stabilization. The photo-alignment layer is realized based on a two-step irradiation to first achieve molecule alignment to form the photo-alignment layer and then stabilize this layer. To realize the photo-alignment layer, a pre-determined surface of the substrate is first coated with a film of mixture. The mixture comprises an azo dye and a monomer preferably mixed in an optimal concentration of 0.67 wt/wt. The azo dye and the monomer have light-absorption peaks at different wavelengths such that photo-alignment of the azo-dye molecules and stabilization of the photo-alignment layer by polymerization of the monomer are achievable by two separate exposures of light to the film.