Abstract: The invention provides methods for the application of active materials onto active surfaces useful in organic electronic devices. The methods of the invention include selecting a liquid composition including an active material and a suitable liquid medium whereby when the liquid composition is deposited on the desired active surface it has no greater than about a 40° contact angle; treating the active surface to raise its surface tension before the deposition of a liquid composition containing the desired active material is deposited thereon; and combination thereof. The invention also provides organic electronic devices having at least two active layers, wherein at least one active layer comprises an active material that was deposited using at least one practice of the method of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dispersion for the application of a metal layer on a non-electrically-conductive substrate comprising an organic binder component, a metal component, and also a solvent component. The invention further relates to processes for the production of the dispersion, processes for the production of a non-structured or structured metal layer with the aid of the dispersion, and also to the resultant substrate surfaces and their use.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plastic with improved gloss properties and a surface treatment method for plastic, which forms a nanopattern and a hardened layer on the surface of a polymer material by irradiating an argon ion beam onto the surface to change the refractive index, thus changing the gloss of the polymer variously using only the polymer/plastic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal-containing compounds that include at least one ?-diketiminate ligand, and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the metal-containing compounds are homoleptic complexes that include unsymmetrical ?-diketiminate ligands. In other embodiments, the metal-containing compounds are heteroleptic complexes including at least one ?-diketiminate ligand. The compounds can be used to deposit metal-containing layers using vapor deposition methods. Vapor deposition systems including the compounds are also provided. Sources for ?-diketiminate ligands are also provided.

Abstract: A targeted carbon thin film is a carbon thin film formed on a surface of a base material. The film includes a carbon framework of carbon atoms bonded together, and an amino group bonded to the carbon atoms forming the carbon framework.

Abstract: A lyophobic treatment method for imparting lyophobic properties to a surface of a base material having a hole section, includes: a lyophobic film forming step of forming a lyophobic film on the surface and inner wall faces of the hole section of the base material; a protective member forming step of forming a protective member on the lyophobic film on the surface of the base material; a lyophobic film removal step of removing the lyophobic film on the inner wall faces of the hole section of the base material; a protective member removal step of removing the protective member on the lyophobic film on the surface of the base material; and an ion injection step of injecting ions exhibiting lyophobic properties into at least a peripheral portion of an opening of the hole section in the surface of the base material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for coating a support (10) comprising a first material with a coating layer comprising a second material, including at least a phase (A, A?) for deposition of a layer of given thickness of coherent material (11, 13) on the support surface during which the interaction between an ion source and a plasma is used. The invention is characterized in that each phase (A, A?) of material deposition is followed by a phase (B, B?) for exposure of the support and the deposited layer of material (11, 13) to a pulse of limited duration of an ionic bombardment with high energy density of selected energy density level.

Abstract: A polymer microstructure with a tilted micropillar array and a method of fabricating the same. The tilted micropillar array is formed by adjusting the incident angle of the ion beam for the ion beam treatment using a PECVD method with low energy consumption. The tilt angle of the micropillars is adjusted to a desired angle by adjusting at least one of the incident angle, the irradiation time, and the magnitude of acceleration voltage of the ion beam for the ion beam treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous composition for preparing an edible coating on a microwavable food, which composition comprises at least one prolamin and at least one hydrocolloid or gelling agent. The invention further relates to a microwavable food comprising an edible coating, which coating comprises at least one prolamin and at least one hydrocolloid or gelling agent.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis, such as a stent, having a layer that can enhance the biocompatibility of the endoprosthesis, and methods of making the endoprosthesis are disclosed.

Abstract: An organic-pigment aqueous dispersion, containing a pigment at a concentration of 6 to 30 mass %, and having a haze of 0.3 to 10%, as determined by enclosing the dispersion in a transparent glass cell of optical distance 0.2 mm and analyzing with integrating-sphere photoelectric photometry; and a colored coating composition using the same.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical waveguide layer includes a substrate that is prepared, onto which a first part-layer is first grown. Subsequently, a second part-layer of the waveguide layer, consisting of the same material as the first part-layer, is grown on the first part-layer. The second part-layer is bombarded with ions as it grows. The method permits manufacturing optical waveguide layers on temperature-sensitive polymer substrates.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display includes an anode; an organic layer on the anode; and a cathode on the organic layer. The cathode includes a first region and a second region which are sequentially disposed on the organic layer in parallel. The first and second regions are formed by doping a metal oxide on an indium oxide matrix. The doping density of the metal oxide of the first region is greater than that of the second region, the metal oxide of the first region has a density gradient, and the density of the metal oxide in a boundary surface of the first and second regions is the same. An organic light emitting display according to the present invention can increase light emitting efficiency without using a resonance structure.

Abstract: A method for functionalising a textile substrate using an active composition is described. The method includes the following steps: preparing a formulation of microcapsules containing the active composition in an envelope, the envelope being based on a material containing a type of group reacting under an ionising radiation, and the formulation further comprising at least one cross-linking bonding agent having two types of groups reacting under an ionising radiation; impregnating the textile substrate with the microcapsule formulation; applying an ionising radiation to the impregnated textile substrate in order to carry out the cross-linking bonding of the microcapsules on the substrate by reaction of the reactive groups. A functionalised textile substrate obtained by the method, and a textile item made from such textile substrate are described.

Abstract: The production process of an electromagnetic wave shielding material of the present invention comprises screen printing a conductive paste containing conductive particles, binder and solvent in a geometrical pattern on the surface of a transparent porous layer of a transparent resin substrate provided with the transparent porous layer, the porous layer containing as a main component thereof at least one type selected from the group consisting of an oxide ceramic, a non-oxide ceramic and a metal, followed by forming a conductive portion in a geometrical pattern on the surface of the transparent porous layer by heat treatment. An electromagnetic wave shielding material produced according to this production process has high electromagnetic wave shielding effects and superior transparency and visibility.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-component composite film comprising a) polymer support layer, and b) porous gellable polymer layer which is formed on one side or both sides of the support layer of a), wherein the support film of a) and the gellable polymer layer of b) are unified without the interface, a method for preparing the same, and a polymer electrolyte system applied the same.

Abstract: A conductive coating film is formed on a substrate by bringing a conductive material covered with a protective material into contact with a material having anion exchange ability, through such a process wherein an anion exchange layer containing a material having anion exchange ability is formed on a substrate and then a layer containing a conductive material covered with a protective material is formed on the anion exchange layer, or alternatively through such a process wherein a layer containing a conductive material covered with a protective material is formed on a substrate and then an anion exchange layer containing a material having anion exchange ability is formed on the layer containing a conductive material. The anion exchange layer and the layer containing a conductive material may be formed by coating, printing or the like.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for plasma processing which can accurately monitor an ion current applied to the surface of a sample. Predetermined gas is exhausted via an exhaust port by a turbo-molecular pump while introducing the gas within the vacuum chamber from a gas supply device, and the pressure within the vacuum chamber is kept at a predetermined value by a pressure regulating valve. A high-frequency power supply for a plasma source supplies a high-frequency power to a coil provided near a dielectric window to generate inductively coupled plasma within the vacuum chamber. A high-frequency power supply for the sample electrode for supplying the high-frequency power to the sample electrode is provided. A matching circuit for the sample electrode and a high-frequency sensor are provided between the sample electrode high-frequency power supply and the sample electrode. An ion current applied to the surface of a sample can be accurately monitored buy using the high-frequency sensor and an arithmetic device.

Abstract: Systematic and effective methodology to clean capacitively coupled plasma reactor electrodes and reduce surface roughness so that the cleaned electrodes meet surface contamination specifications and manufacturing yields are enhanced. Pre-cleaning of tools used in the cleaning process helps prevent contamination of the electrode being cleaned.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of synthesizing an aliphatic polymer having a ketone group in the main chain thereof, in which polyhydric alcohol (for example, glycerin) as a raw material is polymerized in the presence of a catalyst, and a method of preparing a composition containing an aliphatic polymer having a ketone group in the main chain thereof, including such a process.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a novel apparatus and methods for forming a conformal doped layer on the surface of a substrate. A substrate is provided to a process chamber, and a layer of dopant source material is deposited by plasma deposition, atomic layer deposition, or plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition. The substrate is then subjected to thermal processing to activate and diffuse dopants into the substrate surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides metal-containing compounds that include at least one ?-diketiminate ligand, and methods of making and using the same. In some embodiments, the metal-containing compounds are homoleptic complexes that include unsymmetrical ?-diketiminate ligands. In other embodiments, the metal-containing compounds are heteroleptic complexes including at least one ?-diketiminate ligand. The compounds can be used to deposit metal-containing layers using vapor deposition methods. Vapor deposition systems including the compounds are also provided. Sources for ?-diketiminate ligands are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides systems and methods for the deposition of an improved diamond-like carbon material, particularly for the production of magnetic recording media. The diamond-like carbon material of the present invention is highly tetrahedral, that is, it features a large number of the sp3 carbon-carbon bonds which are found within a diamond crystal lattice. The material is also amorphous, providing a combination of short-range order with long-range disorder, and can be deposited as films which are ultrasmooth and continuous at thicknesses substantially lower than known amorphous carbon coating materials. The carbon protective coatings of the present invention will often be hydrogenated. In a preferred method for depositing of these materials, capacitive coupling forms a highly uniform, selectively energized stream of ions from a dense, inductively ionized plasma.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a diffusion barrier using a gas cluster ion beam apparatus is disclosed. The method includes generating a metal-organic gas that includes a metal-organic compound that includes an element of cobalt (Co) or cobalt and iron (CoFe). The metal-organic gas is combined with a carrier gas that is supplied to the gas cluster ion beam apparatus (GCIB). The GCIB processes the carrier gas to form a beam of gas cluster ions that include the metal-organic compound. The beam irradiates an interface surface of a target material (e.g. an IrMn, PtMn, or MnFe antiferromagnetic layer) and at least a portion of the Co or CoFe remains in contact with the interface surface to form a barrier that prevents a diffusion of manganese (Mn).

Abstract: A special method is provided for more uniformly and quickly curing products with a scratch-resistant UV curable coating or UV curable printing thereon, such as for CDs, DVDs, golf balls, golf tees, eye glass lenses, contact lenses, string instruments, decorative labels, peelable labels, peelable stamps, doors, countertops, etc. The method can also be operated with one or more special UV curing apparatus equipped with a controller, temperature sensors, and heat dissipators.

Abstract: An economical method of manufacturing a plastic glazing assembly having a decorative marking and/or opaque border printed from a thermally curable ink is presented. This method includes the steps of forming a substantially transparent plastic panel; printing an opaque pattern from an ink, the printed pattern being in contact with the plastic panel; pre-drying the ink of the printed pattern to a tack-free condition; applying a weather resistant layer on the printed pattern and on the plastic panel; curing the ink of the printed pattern and the weather resistant layer; and depositing an abrasion resistant layer on the weather resistant layer. In this process the drying of the ink substantially removes the solvent from the ink without substantially curing the ink.

Abstract: According to a containing-fullerene production method by the background art, containment target ions obtained by ionizing containment target atoms have been irradiated to empty fullerene within a vacuum vessel. This has resulted in a problem of a lower formation efficiency of containing-fullerene, in case of forming containing-fullerene which internally contains an atom larger than a six-membered ring of fullerene. It is thus devised to irradiate ions having larger diameters and masses to a fullerene film, simultaneously with irradiation of containment target ions thereto. Since ions having larger masses collide with fullerene molecules, the fullerene molecules are largely deformed and openings thereof are enlarged. Containment target ions are caused to enter cages of fullerene molecules, thereby increasing a probability of formation of containing-fullerene.

Abstract: There is provided a method of making a heat treated (HT) coated article to be used in shower door applications, window applications, or any other suitable applications where transparent coated articles are desired. For example, certain embodiments of this invention relate to a method of making a coated article including a step of heat treating a glass substrate coated with at least a layer of or including diamond-like carbon (DLC) and an overlying protective film thereon. In certain example embodiments, the protective film may be of or include an oxide of zinc. Following and/or during heat treatment (e.g., thermal tempering, or the like) the protective film may be removed. Other embodiments of this invention relate to the pre-HT coated article, or the post-HT coated article.

Abstract: A functional membrane is provided, which has high functionality combined with the gas barrier performance and mechanical strength inherent in a polymer film substrate. In particular, a polymer electrolyte membrane is provided, which is excellent in terms of high proton conductivity and gas barrier performance and is most appropriate to serve as a polymer electrolyte membrane for fuel cells. A method for producing a functional membrane is provided, which comprises: a step of ion irradiation, in which active species are generated in a polymer film substrate containing nonconductive inorganic particles by irradiating the polymer film substrate with high-energy heavy ions to the extent of 104/cm2 to 1014/cm2; and a step of graft polymerization subsequent to the step of ion irradiation, in which one or more monomers selected from group A consisting of monomers containing useful functional groups are added such that the monomers are graft polymerized with the polymer film substrate.

Abstract: Methods for formation and treatment of epitaxial layers containing silicon and carbon are disclosed. Treatment converts interstitial carbon to substitutional carbon in the epitaxial layer, according to one or more embodiments. Specific embodiments pertain to the formation and treatment of epitaxial layers in semiconductor devices, for example, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) devices. In specific embodiments, the treatment of the epitaxial layer involves annealing for short periods of time, for example, by laser annealing, millisecond annealing, rapid thermal annealing, spike annealing and combinations thereof. Embodiments include amorphization of at least a portion of the epitaxial layer containing silicon and carbon.

Abstract: A continuous, uninterrupted two-step treatment process capable of forming nanometer scale physical structures on the surface of articles fabricated from metallic, ceramic, glass, or plastic materials, and then depositing a thin conformal coating on the nanostructured surface such that the physical structures previously produced are neither masked nor are the dimensions of the physical structures substantially altered. In an additional embodiment, a thicker coating can be grown from the thin conformal coating which itself can be nanostructured as it is deposited. In this case adhesion of the thicker coating is not dependent upon the use of conventional surface pretreatments such as machining, chemical etching, or abrasive blasting. Surface texturing may be performed by ion beam sputtering, and ion assisted coating forms the thin conformal coating, and thicker coating if desired. The treatment process is useful for improving the mechanical, catalytic, chemical, or biological activity of the surfaces so treated.

Abstract: A protective film for polarizing plate having a substrate film of a resin material and, laminated on at least one surface thereof directly or via another layer, an antireflection layer, characterized in that the substrate film has a photoelastic coefficient of less than 9×10?12 Pa?1 and a saturated water-absorbing percentage of less than 0.05%, and the resin material constituting the substrate film exhibits a warpage percentage of 1% or less when the film having an average thickness of 50 ?m and a dimension of 100 mm×100 mm is allowed to stand at 60° C. and a humidity of 95% for 500 hours is below 1%; a method for preparing the protective film for polarizing plate; a polarizing plate with antireflection function comprising the protective film and a polarizing plate laminated thereon; and an optical article having the polarizing plate with antireflection function.

Abstract: A method of forming a protective film that restrains gas adsorption while preserving durability and corrosion resistance of a plasma CVD carbon film is disclosed. A protective film of a slide-resistant member is deposited by means of a plasma CVD method using a raw material of hydrocarbon gas, wherein a bias voltage higher than ?500 V is applied to the slide-resistant member in an initial stage of depositing the protective film, and a bias voltage of ?500 V or lower is applied in a final stage of deposition. A proportion of time duration of the final stage is preferably at most 25% of the total time for depositing the protective film. A magnetic recording medium comprising a magnetic recording layer and a protective film formed by the method also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method is adopted for deposition technology using a focused ion beam device, characterized by enabling structures to be formed by using phenanthrene as a source gas and using ions of gallium or gold, silicon or beryllium etc. of energies of 5 to 100 keV from a liquid-metal ion source as ions so as to give a gas blowing density of five to ten times greater than the case of deposition in the related art, with directionality of the gas blowing being both isotropic and symmetrical.

Abstract: Conducting polymers having improved optical properties, and a method of manufacturing the conducting polymers, are disclosed. The conducting polymers are prepared by a process wherein organic ions and neutral oligomers are deposited simultaneously on a substrate surface to provide a conducting polymer film.

Abstract: A system and method to expose a material to an ion beam during a continuous material production process may include a vacuum fixture to form the ion beam and a slit in the fixture to allow at least a portion of the ion beam to exit the fixture through the slit. The material can be placed in contact with an exterior area of the fixture so as to cover the slit. With the material in place, the vacuum within the fixture may be maintained and the ion beam formed. The material over the slit can be exposed to the ion beam. As the continuous process moves material past the slit, the vacuum within the vacuum fixture may help to maintain the material in contact with the fixture.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a magnetic recording medium includes forming a first protective layer of first material over a magnetic film provided on a substrate. The first protective layer has a thickness of about 0.2 nm to about 2 nm. A second protective layer of second material is formed over the first protective layer by driving ions of the second material into the first protective layer. The first protective layer is configured to prevent the ions of the second material from penetrating into the magnetic film.

Abstract: A system and method for improving the durability and reliability of recording media used in hard drives is disclosed. A protective overcoat made by depositing a diamond like carbon (DLC) layer over a magnetic layer and then depleting a portion of the DLC protective layer of hydrogen before it is coated with a Perfluoropolyethers (PFPE) using an in-situ vapor lubrication technique. The portion of the DLC layer which is depleted can be data zone of the media so that the lubricant-bonding ratio is higher for the landing zone than it is for the data zone.

Abstract: Conducting polymers having improved optical properties, and a method of manufacturing the conducting polymers, are disclosed. The conducting polymers are prepared by a process wherein organic ions and neutral oligomers are deposited simultaneously on a substrate surface to provide a conducting polymer film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a processing method for forming a thick film having an improved adhesion to a surface-modified substrate and an apparatus thereof enabling to form a thick film having the improved adhesion to a polymeric surface by modifying the polymeric surface to have a hydrophilic property. The method includes the steps of preparing a substrate of a polymer material, surface-modifying the substrate, forming a seed layer on the substrate, and forming the thick film on the seed layer. The apparatus includes an unloading area supplying a substrate of a polymer material, a surface treating area modifying a surface of the substrate, a seed layer formation area forming a seed layer on the surface-modified substrate, a thick film formation area forming a thick film on the seed layer, and a loading area loading the substrate.

Abstract: Ion beam-deposited, nitrogen-doped C:H films having substantially lower resistivities than undoped ion beam-deposited C:H films and suitable for use as hard, abrasion-resistant overcoat layers for magnetic recording media, such as hard disks, are formed by supplying a mixture of hydrocarbon and nitrogen gases to an ion beam generator. Nitrogen atom content of the films is controlled to within from about 5 to about 25 at. % by appropriate selection of the ratio of hydrocarbon gas flow to nitrogen gas flow. The resultant IBD i-C:HN films exhibit a reduced tendency for charge build-up thereon during hard disk operation by virtue of their lower resistivity vis-à-vis conventional a-C:H materials.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing the adhesion of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) film to a substrate and for producing a strongly adhered DLC film on a substrate. The adhesion is enhanced by ion beam pre-processing of the substrate prior to DLC film formation.

Abstract: The present invention includes a method of forming an aligned film on a substrate. The film is deposited and aligned in a single step by a method comprising the step of bombarding a substrate with an ion beam at a designated incident angle to simultaneously (a) deposit the film onto the substrate and (b) arrange an atomic structure of the film in at least one predetermined aligned direction.

Abstract: A method for producing a composition for vapor deposition comprising sintering a vapor source mixture prepared by mixing vapor sources that contain titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide. The method is capable of forming a high-refraction layer even in low-temperature vapor deposition on a substrate. An antireflection film is formed having good scratch resistance, good chemical resistance and good heat resistance, of which the heat resistance decreases little with time, that is useful in a variety of optical elements.

Abstract: An adherent antimicrobial coating and method of making same comprising hydrogenated amorphous carbon and a dispersion of antimicrobial metal ions adapted to maintain a therapeutically effective zone of inhibition.

Abstract: A surface hardening method for resins and a surface hardened resin, capable of reforming the surface of a plastic disk substrate at low energy in a short time, and a production device of such a resin is disclosed. The formation of an ion-implanted layer 11 by implanting equal to or more than 1017 carbon ions per cm2 into the surface of a plastic disk substrate 10 at equal to or less than 20 KeV and the formation of a thin film 12 of high hardness on the ion-implanted layer 11 can be performed alternately or simultaneously, and the hardening rate is increased further by using a bias device.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for metalizing polyolefin film in which at least one outermost layer of the unmetalized polyolefin film has at least about 90% cycloolefin polymer that has not been subjected to a process for increasing surface tension before metalization. The metalized films are useful as dielectrics in capacitors.

Abstract: An ultraviolet radiation absorbing layer formed over a polymeric substrate is disclosed herein. The layer is a doped metal oxide coating. The layer exhibits excellent weatherability and UV absorbing properties. The layer is preferably deposited by arc plasma deposition or by sputtering.

Abstract: Functionally enhanced shrink-wrap materials having protective coatings composed of mixtures of a water-compatibilized, modified polyolefin resins (Component A) and a mixture of a water-compatibilized acrylic resin (Component B) and a water-compatibilized polyurethane resin (Component C) wherein said mixture contains from approximately 100% to 50% by weight Component B and from approximately 50% to 0% by weight of Component C are provided. Moreover, methods and materials are disclosed for providing protective shrink-wrap covering with enhanced, long-term durability and improved resistance to chemical contamination, biological agents, radiation, pollutants, physical stress and structural deformation among other environmental factors are also disclosed.

Abstract: A surface processing method for processing the surface of an insulating article in which an ion-implanted surface-modified layer is effectively formed on the article 2. In surface processing the article 2 of an insulating material, an electrically conductive thin metal film 50 is first formed on the article surface. A pulsed voltage containing a positive pulsed voltage and a negative pulsed voltage is applied to the article in a plasma containing ions to be implanted to implant ions in the article surface. This implants ions at right angles to the article surface to generate a surface-modified layer 51. There is no possibility of the article 2 being charged up due to application of a pulsed voltage.