Abstract: A deposition mask and a display unit and method of manufacturing same are provided. A red continuous organic layer, a green continuous organic layer, and a blue continuous organic layer are provided over two or more lines of a matrix configuration of organic light emitting devices in common. A film thickness distribution in the extensional direction of the red, green and blue continuous organic layer is dissolved, and an aperture ratio can be improved by just that much.

Abstract: A nanocrystal capable of light emission includes a nanoparticle having photoluminescence having quantum yields of greater than 30%.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an image display device includes the step of forming a cured resin layer by interposing a photo-curable resin composition between a protection member and a display-side panel including an image display unit and a frame member and then photo-curing the photo-curable resin composition, with the photo-curable resin composition being disposed across between the image display unit and the frame member. In the manufacturing method, a high-viscosity resin composition having a viscosity of 3000 mPa·s or more and 12000 mPa·s or less is used as the photo-curable resin composition. Alternatively, after a gap between the image display unit and the frame member is sealed with a sealing film, a photo-curable resin composition is interposed between the display-side panel and the protection member.

Abstract: The formation in quantity of various different populations of a substance being studied with multiple combinations of distribution form and distribution density by dripping a suspension of a single concentration of the substance onto a masking member of a certain specified structure placed on a substrate by making use of the sedimentation of said substance.

Abstract: A luminescent nanocomposite comprising functionalized graphene and a luminescent moiety, its fabrication, and uses are described. The luminescent moiety is anchored non-covalently to the functionalized graphene. Luminescence properties of the nanocomposite may be modulated by choosing appropriate luminescent moieties such as native lactoferrin, native lactoferrin protected gold clusters, and so forth. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite may be modulated by adding a biopolymer such as Chitosan. The nanocomposite may be used as a luminescent ink for encoding information, or a luminescent film for tagging articles of manufacture such as electronic waste components.

Abstract: Luminescent materials and the use of such materials in anti-counterfeiting, inventory, photovoltaic, and other applications are described herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming a luminescent material includes: (1) providing a source of A and X, wherein A is selected from at least one of elements of Group 1, and X is selected from at least one of elements of Group 17; (2) providing a source of B, wherein B is selected from at least one of elements of Group 14; (3) subjecting the source of A and X and the source of B to vacuum deposition to form a set of films adjacent to a substrate; and (4) heating the set of films to a temperature in the range of 120° C. to 350° C. to form a luminescent material adjacent to the substrate, wherein the luminescent material includes A, B, and X.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electroluminescent display apparatus includes: discharging first droplets of the fluid luminescent material from the first nozzles to the target discharge areas when the first nozzles are positioned in an area above the target discharge areas so that all of the first droplets are arranged in the target discharge areas on different X-axis direction positions so as not to overlap each other when viewed in the Y-axis direction; and discharging second droplets of fluid luminescent material from the second nozzles to the target discharge areas to which the first droplets have been discharged when the second nozzles are positioned in the area above the target discharge areas after a predetermined period of time passed since the discharge of the first droplets to the target discharge areas.

Abstract: A light emitting section emits fluorescence upon receiving exciting light emitted from a laser element. The light emitting section includes a plurality of fluorescent material particles made from a single type of fluorescent material or several types of fluorescent materials, the plurality of fluorescent material particles being accumulated on a metal substrate to form a layer of the plurality of fluorescent material particles. Each of the plurality of fluorescent material particles has a surface coated with a coating layer. The coating layer forms an uneven shape of a surface of the light emitting section.

Abstract: The present invention provides phosphor inks configured to achieve high efficiency in converting LED light from one wavelength to another. The phosphor ink composition for deposition on an LED device comprises a phosphor component having nano-phosphor particles on the order of 100 to 1000 nanometers, and a curable resin component. In particular, the nano-phosphor particles are uniformly dispersed throughout the ink composition. The nano-phosphor particles may be formed by a size reduction process carried out on larger phosphor particles on the order of 1 to 50 micrometers. Preferably, the size reduction process is based on solvent wet milling. Methods for preparing the phosphor inks based on forming the nano-phosphor particles from larger particles by solvent wet milling are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a transparent conductive film including a conductive layer having different thicknesses so as to increase the optical transmittance while maintaining the conductivity of the transparent conductive film. The present invention also pertains to a process for the preparation of the above-mentioned transparent conductive film.

Abstract: A nozzle ejection amount correcting method includes: a first signal correction for performing first signal correction by calculating correction amounts of the plurality of driving signals from a difference C between a predetermined amount B in a case of ejecting liquid droplets from the selected nozzles to the ejecting regions in the main scanning performed a plurality of times and the predetermined amount A that is set in advance; a second signal correction for performing second signal correction by calculating correction amounts of the plurality of driving signals before the correction corresponding to the main scanning in the later stage from a difference E between a predetermined amount D in a case of ejecting the liquid droplets to the ejecting regions and the predetermined amount A by using the plurality of driving signals, by which the first signal correction is performed, in the main scanning in the former stage.

Abstract: An object is to provide a chemical solution application apparatus capable of applying a chemical solution evenly and without irregularity by a spin coating method. A plurality of nozzles are provided for applying a chemical solution to an application object that is fixed over a stage. Each of the nozzles is individually mobile in vertical and horizontal directions. For this reason, controlling a discharging point or pattern is possible, and application responding to a wider viscosity range of chemical solutions is possible. By implementing the present invention, a chemical solution application apparatus equipped with a discharging method of a chemical solution by which a coating film having a small film thickness distribution over an entire substrate and an even thickness can be obtained, as well as for which use efficiency is improved by cutting down on waste of a chemical solution to be discharged.

Abstract: A method of making a filter adjusts the bottom heights of the color-resisting colors to make the top ends of the color-resisting blocks be in a same level by disposing the foundation layer between the transparent substrate and the light-shielding layer and disposing the groove in the foundation layer, so that ensuring that surfaces of the filter have a good evenness and the alignment of liquid crystals is normal for enhancing the displaying effect of the liquid crystal display. The present invention improves the bottom evenness of the through holes by disposing the foundation layer on the bottoms of the through holes, thereby eliminating the “ox horn-shaped segment difference” of the protruding edges of the color-resisting blocks formed later.

Abstract: A scintillator has a two-dimensional array of a plurality of columnar crystals which converts radiation into light, and a covering portion covering the two-dimensional array. The covering portion includes connecting portions configured to partially connect the columnar crystals while partially forming cavities in gaps between the columnar crystals in the two-dimensional array.

Abstract: A magnetic oxide-quantum dot nanocomposite and methods of synthesizing it. In one embodiment, the magnetic oxide-quantum dot nanocomposite has at least one magnetic oxide nanoparticle coated with a silica (SiO2) shell and terminated with at least one thiol group (—SH), and at least one CdSe/ZnS quantum dot linked with the at least one SiO2-coated magnetic oxide nanoparticle via the at least one thiol group. In one embodiment, the at least one magnetic oxide nanoparticle comprises at least one iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a hollow gas-filled Plasma-shells for a gas discharge device. The Plasma-shell is located in or on a substrate within the device with a dome side or flat side facing the viewing direction.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus for writing data to a display. In one aspect, the display includes an array of display elements arranged at the intersection of a plurality of common lines and segment lines. The display also includes a common driver and a segment driver coupled to the common lines and segment lines. According to one aspect, the display includes a greater number of segment lines than columns of display elements in the array. According to another aspect, the display may also include a first number of display element segment electrodes that are coupled to each other along a first common line, and a second number of display element segment electrodes coupled to each other along a second common line, where the first number is different than the second number.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) display device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The organic electroluminescent display device includes a rear substrate, a organic EL portion formed on one surface of the rear substrate with a first electrode, an organic layer and a second electrode sequentially laminated. The front substrate is coupled to the rear substrate to seal an internal space in which the organic EL portion is accommodated, for isolating the organic EL portion from the outside. The front substrate further has a transparent moisture-absorbing layer coated on its internal surface.

Abstract: A method for applying a fixed image onto at least one surface of a component in an electrochemical device is described. The component is usually formed of an alumina material. An image-forming material is first applied onto the component surface in its green state. The mark or image is applied in a desired pattern by an additive process, such as direct-write or screen-printing. The component is then heated at a sintering temperature sufficient to ensure conversion from the green state into a fired ceramic state. The sintering temperatures are also sufficient to fix the image upon the surface of the component. The image can be read by the human eye, or by various machine-readable techniques. Related methods for monitoring the location and status of a ceramic electrochemical cell component during its manufacture and during other processing steps are also described.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems and methods for illumination systems with one or more reflective structures over a light guide. In one aspect, each reflective structure can have an absorber structure with a width greater than a width of the reflective structure. The absorber structure can have overhanging portions that are in parallel with and laterally protrude past one or more edges of the reflective structure, or the absorber structure can have enclosing portions that substantially enclose the reflective structure. The reflective structures can include light-turning features, such as facets, and/or conductive wires, such as touch sensor wires.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a color filter including following steps is provided. First, a partition is formed on a substrate to form a plurality of pixel regions on the substrate. Next, a color pigment is provided along a continuous pigment-providing route, so as to form the color pigment on a sequence of pixel regions among the plurality of pixel regions and the partition. The method mentioned above can prevent the unfilled phenomenon of the pigment around the corners of the pixel region. Besides, a liquid crystal display panel having the color filter is also provided.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of manufacturing photoluminescent paving blocks or pavers at a paver manufacturing facility. A curable paver composition is provided at a mixing station for mixing. The mixed composition is shaped into uncured pavers having upper surfaces at a forming station. A curable liquid coating composition is applied to the upper surfaces of the uncured pavers at one or more coating stations. The uncured pavers and the coating composition applied thereon are heated in a kiln at a curing station to cure the uncured pavers. After leaving the kiln, the coating composition is cured to form a photoluminescent pigment layer having a binder with photoluminescent particulate pigment essentially uniformly dispersed in the binder and an optically transmissive clear coat layer in overlying relationship with the pigment layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing golf balls having a highly transparent cover includes, prior to formation of the cover, a preformed body fabricating step wherein a fluorescent material that emits light when exposed to ultraviolet radiation is included in or coated onto the preformed body. In this way, a preformed body which matches a cover to be formed can be easily and reliably identified from among a plurality of types of preformed bodies stored at a temporary storage place. This manufacturing method enables golf balls of excellent visibility and stylishness to be efficiently produced.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide detector including a sensor component, where the sensor component has a colorimetric indicator salt of a colorimetric pH indicator and a lipophilic phosphonium quaternary cation, a transparent polymer vehicle or a plasticizer not being in a mixture with the colorimetric indicator salt; and a porous memory, a porous polymer membrane in one instance, the colorimetric indicator salt being deposited on a surface of the porous polymer membrane; the colorimetric indicator salt deposited on the porous polymer membrane does not include a transparent polymer vehicle or a plasticizer, and carbon dioxide detection systems using the detector.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a retaining wall of an LED, the method includes the steps of: step A, providing a ceramic substrate; providing a printing screen; providing ceramic slurry including thermal curing agent; step B, forming multiple pairs of electrodes on the ceramic substrate; depositing the ceramic slurry on the ceramic substrate by the printing screen for forming a first ceramic layer around each pair of electrodes; step C, drying the first ceramic layer for twenty to thirty minutes under a temperature between 100 to 150 centigrade for hardening the first ceramic layer; step D, depositing the ceramic slurry on the first ceramic layer for forming a second ceramic layer by the printing screen, and then hardening the second ceramic layer; step E, repeating step D for forming a third ceramic layer for forming the retaining wall.

Abstract: A high luminance and high output LED package using an LED as a light source and a fabrication method thereof. The LED package includes an Al substrate with a recessed multi-stepped reflecting surface formed therein and a light source composed of LEDs mounted on the reflecting surface and electrically connected to patterned electrodes. The LED package also includes anodized insulation layers formed between the patterned electrodes and the substrate, and an encapsulant covering over the light source of the substrate. The LED package further includes an Al heat radiator formed under the LEDs to enhance heat radiation capacity. According to the present invention, the substrate is made of Al material and anodized to form insulation layers thereon, allowing superior heat radiation effect of the LED, thereby significantly increasing the lifetime and light emission efficiency of the LED package.

Abstract: High aspect ratio structures can be obtained by print-patterning masking features in feature stacks such that each feature has a lateral edge which is aligned in a plane roughly perpendicular to the plane of the substrate on which the features are formed. Due to the differential lateral spreading between features formed on a substrate and formed atop other features, the print head is indexed less than the radius of a droplet to a position where a droplet ejected by the print head forms an upper feature atop a lower feature such that the lateral edges of the upper and lower features are aligned in the plane roughly perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. Feature stacks of two or more features may provide a vertical (or re-entrant) sidewall mask for formation of high aspect ratio structures, by e.g., electroplating, etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a layer structure comprising at least one switch (4) illuminated by an ACPEL arrangement (2), to the method for producing and shaping said layer structure, and the use thereof for forming display and control elements and for forming housing elements for mobile or stationary electronic equipment or small or large household appliances or for forming keyboard systems without movable components.

Abstract: A lighting device includes an electrically activated emitter, a first layer that contains a first lumiphoric material, and a second layer that contains a second lumiphoric material, with a textured interface between the first layer and the second layer. Additional lumiphoric material layers, spacer layers, and/or encapsulant layers may be provided. Multiple textured interfaces may be provided. Textured interfaces may be arranged as lenses, including Fresnel lenses.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of fabricating an organic electronic device, which includes dip coating layers, and the devices made therefrom.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp has increased weight of emission mix material on the metal coils forming the electrodes. The coating layer of emission mix material includes in the range of 70 weight % to 85 weight % alkaline earth carbonate content. The coating layer of emission mix material has a particle size distribution by volume with two maxima, and one of the maxima is at a particle size that is no more than half and up to one tenth smaller than of the particle size of the other maximum. The smaller of the two maxima constitutes 10 weight % to 40 weight % of the alkaline earth carbonates in the coating layer of emission mix material. A method for making fluorescent lamp includes the step of installing at least one electrode coated with an emission mix material including more than 70 weight % alkaline earth carbonate content.

Abstract: A process for producing a conformal electroluminescent system. An electrically conductive base backplane film layer is applied upon a substrate. A dielectric film layer is applied upon the backplane film layer, then a phosphor film layer is applied upon the dielectric film layer. An electrode film layer is applied upon the phosphor film layer using a substantially transparent, electrically conductive material. An electrically conductive bus bar may be applied upon the electrode film layer. Preferably, the backplane film layer, dielectric film layer, phosphor film layer, electrode film layer and bus bar are aqueous-based and are applied by spray conformal coating. The electroluminescent phosphor is excitable by an electrical field established across the phosphor film layer such that the device emits electroluminescent light upon application of an electrical charge between the backplane film layer and at least one of the electrode film layer and the bus bar.

Abstract: A light emitting device 10 includes: a lead frame 12a serving as a mounting portion having a cup 13; a light emitting element 14, mounted on the bottom face 13a of the cup, for emitting light having a predetermined peak wavelength; a layer of large phosphor particles 16, adsorbed and formed on the light emitting element, for absorbing light emitted from the light emitting element and for emitting light having a longer peak wavelength than that of the light emitted from the light emitting element; small phosphor particles 18, which have a smaller particle diameter than that of the large phosphor particles, for absorbing at least one of light emitted from the large phosphor particles and light emitted from the light emitting element and for emitting light having a longer peak wavelength than that of the at least one of the light emitted from the large phosphor particles and the light emitted from the light emitting element; and a sealing member 20, in which the small phosphor particles are dispersed, for sealin

Abstract: An organic layer deposition apparatus including a deposition source for discharging a deposition material; a deposition source nozzle unit arranged at a side of the deposition source and including a plurality of deposition source nozzles; a patterning slit sheet arranged opposite to the deposition source nozzle unit and including a plurality of patterning slits; an electrostatic chuck, a substrate being attachable to and detachable from the electrostatic chuck; chuck moving members combined with the electrostatic chuck and configured to move the electrostatic chuck; and guide members to guide movement of the chuck moving members, the chuck moving members including first magnetic force generators, and the guide members including second magnetic force generators corresponding to the first magnetic force generators, the chuck moving members movable on the guide members by magnetic forces generated by the first magnetic force generators and the second magnetic force generators.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers containing at least one carbazole structural unit of the general formula (I) where Ar1, Ar2, Ar3 is each, independently of one another, denote an aryl or heteroarylgroup, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R of any desired type; m, o is, independently of one another, 0 or 1; n is 1, 2 or 3 and the dashed lines represent the linking in the polymer; and at least one arylamine structural unit of the general formula (II) and/or (III) where Ar4, Ar5, Ar7, Ar8 is each, independently of one another, an aryl or heteroaryl group, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R of any desired type; Ar6 is an aryl or heteroaryl group, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R of any desired type, or represents a group of the formula Ar9-Ar9, where Ar9 is in each case, independently, an aryl or heteroaryl group, which may be substituted by one or more radicals R of any desired type or linked to one another; p is 1, 2 or 3; q is 0 or 1 and the dashed line

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emission cathode is provided. A carbon nanotube array formed on a substrate in a container and a prepolymer are provided. The prepolymer is put into the container settled for a period of over 30 minutes to fill in clearances of the carbon nanotube array, and part of the prepolymer is covering a top end of the carbon nanotube array. The carbon nanotube array is rotated at a speed to push the part of the prepolymer into the clearances of the carbon nanotube array and a prepolymer film in the carbon nanotube array is obtained. The prepolymer film is then polymerized to form a polymer film.

Abstract: A droplet discharge amount measuring method for measuring the amount of droplets of a functional solution discharged from a droplet discharge apparatus, the functional solution containing a solid component and a solvent, includes discharging droplets of the functional solution from the droplet discharge apparatus onto a test surface, drying for allowing the solvent on the test surface to evaporate from the droplets so that solid dots be left and measuring the volume of the solid dots using an imaging technique, wherein in drying, the droplets are condensed as the solvent evaporates therefrom, and thus the resulting solid dots have smaller areas than the parent droplets upon landing on the test surface.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus of display element which forms highly reliable drive circuits or thin-film transistors on a flexible substrate, a manufacturing method, and a highly reliable display element are provided. A display element (50) includes a flexible substrate (FB), a first partition wall and second partition wall (BA) formed by pressing the flexible substrate, a lyophobic surface (PJ) formed on surfaces of the first partition wall and the second partition wall, and electrodes (S, P) formed by applying droplets onto a groove portion formed between the first partition wall and second partition wall. It is also possible for a lyophilic surface to be formed on the surface of the groove portion (GR) between the first partition wall and second partition wall (BA).

Abstract: A method for surface treating a cold cathode includes the following steps. A cold cathode is provided and the cold cathode includes a plurality of field emitters. A liquid glue is placed on a surface of the cold cathode. The liquid glue is cured to form solid glue on the surface of the cold cathode. The solid glue is removed to allow the plurality of field emitters to stand upright.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for continuous coating with a rotational die in which coating materials flow in a radial direction. The linear speed of a substrate in need of coating is identical to the tangential speed of the surface of the rotational die so that the coating material, which flows in a radial direction of the rotational die, flows onto the substrate perpendicularly. Therefore, the ingredients of coating materials overlap one another (or stand vertically as a layer), and the vertical sequence of the coating material is ensured. This method and apparatus can be used to make organic electronic devices, organic light-emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic devices. Particularly, this method and apparatus can be used in bulk-hetero-junction of mixed coating of P-type and N-type semiconductors.

Abstract: There is provided a process for forming a contained second layer over a first layer, including the steps: forming the first layer having a first surface energy; treating the first layer with a reactive surface-active composition to form a treated first layer having a second surface energy which is lower than the first surface energy; exposing the treated first layer with radiation; and forming the second layer. There is also provided an organic electronic device made by the process.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided for transforming non-planar or planar precursor materials in an appropriate vehicle under the appropriate conditions to create dispersions of planar particles with stoichiometric ratios of elements equal to that of the feedstock or precursor materials, even after selective forces settling. In particular, planar particles disperse more easily, form much denser coatings (or form coatings with more interparticle contact area), and anneal into fused, dense films at a lower temperature and/or time than their counterparts made from spherical nanoparticles. These planar particles may be nanoflakes that have a high aspect ratio. The resulting dense films formed from nanoflakes are particularly useful in forming photovoltaic devices. In one embodiment, at least one set of the particles in the ink may be inter-metallic flake particles (microflake or nanoflake) containing at least one group IB-IIIA inter-metallic alloy phase.

Abstract: For a full-color flat panel display, demands for high definition, high aperture ratio and high reliability have been increasing. Therefore, increasing in the number of pixels and narrowing a pixel pitch have been major issues. According to the present invention, a layer including an organic compound is selectively formed with a light-exposure apparatus used in a photolithography technique without a resist mask. A material layer including a photopolymerization initiator, a material polymerized with the photopolymerization initiator, and an organic compound are formed on a plate, and then are exposed to light and selectively cured. A film-formation substrate is disposed so as to face the plate. The film-formation substrate or the material layer is heated so that the organic compound included in a region exposed to light or a region not exposed to light is evaporated to be selectively deposited on the surface of the film-formation substrate.

Abstract: A laminated glass element is described, preferably a laminated safety glass element with integrated electroluminescence (EL) light structure, a method for producing a laminated glass element according to the invention, an insulating glass element containing at least one laminated glass element according to the invention and the use of a laminated glass element according to the invention as a decorative element and/or light element in interior spaces or for external use, preferably on external claddings of buildings, in or on items of equipment, in or on land or water vehicles or aircraft or in the advertising sector.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ink jet printable phosphor ink composition for LED packaging that enables precision control of the amount and position of phosphor layers on the LED device or the LED device packaging. The ink includes both a UV-curable resin component and a thermally curable resin component. A phase-separation component prevents phase separation of the UV-curable resin component and the thermally curable resin component. Phosphor particles on the order of less than approximately 2 microns are uniformly dispersed throughout the ink composition. The phosphor ink composition is deposited through either thermal or piezoelectric ink jet printing; a thin layer is deposited in a desired pattern. UV curing (and, optionally, thermal curing) is used to fix each layer followed by subsequent deposition and curing. In this manner, undesirable phosphor settling does not occur and layers are selectively built up to form precise phosphor distributions.

Abstract: In a method for producing especially doped layers for electronic, luminescent or photovoltaic components, especially OLEDs, one or more liquid or solid starting materials are evaporated in a source (11, 12, 13, 14) or are admixed as aerosol to a carrier gas and transported in this form to a deposition chamber (1) where they condense on a substrate (5), especially as a result of a temperature gradient, forming a doped matrix. In order to improve the doping of electronic, luminescent or photovoltaic layers, it is proposed that the doping occurs by modification of a starting material during its transport.

Abstract: A preparation method of composite blue luminescent thin film of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene) (i.e. poly[2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)-1,4-phenylene-alt-1,4-phenylene]) and LDHs (Layered Double Hydroxides) is disclosed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing delaminated LDHs colloidal solution using formamide solvent, preparing sulfonated poly(p-phenylene) aqueous solution, and performing alternate assembling on hydrophilically treated substrate in the two solutions to give the composite thin film of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)/LDHs multilayer. The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, and film thickness controllable at nanoscale precision, in addition, this method also achieves the immobilization of luminescent polymer via restricted space among LDHs layers and host-guest interaction, effectively improves thermal stability, and reduces fluorescence quenching caused by aggregation.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an organic light emitting device is provided. A first electrode is provided, over which the rest of the device will be fabricated. A first organic layer is deposited over the first electrode via solution processing. The first organic layer includes: i. an organic host material of the first organic layer; ii. a first organic emitting material of the first organic layer; iii. a second organic emitting material of the first organic layer; A second organic layer is deposited over and in direct contact with the first organic layer. The second organic layer includes an organic emitting material of the second organic layer. A second electrode is then deposited over the second organic layer. The device may include other layers.

Abstract: To provide an evaporation donor substrate which is used for deposition by an evaporation method and which allows reduction in manufacturing cost and high uniformity of a film which is deposited. In addition, to provide a method for manufacturing a light-emitting device using the evaporation donor substrate. The evaporation donor substrate includes a reflective layer having an opening which is formed over a substrate, a heat insulating layer having a light-transmitting property which is formed over the substrate and the reflective layer, a light absorption layer which is formed over the heat insulating layer; and a material layer which is formed over the light absorption layer.

Abstract: A successive deposition apparatus by which a reduction in the luminous efficiency of a light-emitting element can be suppressed even in high-speed deposition of a light-emitting layer thereof is provided. The apparatus includes: a second deposition chamber; a third deposition chamber coupled to the second deposition chamber; a transfer unit for transferring a substrate from second deposition chamber to third deposition chamber; plural third deposition sources arranged in the substrate transfer direction in the second deposition chamber; and a fourth and fifth deposition sources alternately arranged in the transfer direction in the third deposition chamber. In the third deposition chamber, the fourth deposition source is placed nearest to the second deposition source. The fourth deposition source contains a host material, and the fifth deposition source contains a dopant material. The HOMO level of a material of the third deposition source is adjusted to that of the host material.