Abstract: The present invention relates to light emitting compounds, especially to triplett emitters suitable for electrooptical applications. Compounds according to the invention are organometallic complexes of a metal, preferably Ir, having a backbone of one five-membered ring that is linked to a five- or six-membered ring, by an intermediate six-membered ring. These compounds are suitable for adaptation to the emission of light in the UV to NIR range by adaptation of atoms or groups within at least one of the five-membered or six-membered ring structures.

Abstract: Dielectric elastomer or electroactive polymer film transducers configured to minimize high electrical field gradients that can lead to partial discharge and corona.

Abstract: An anode includes a collector; and an anode active material layer disposed on the collector comprises an anode active material, which is lithium oxide coated Li4Ti5O12, a conductive material, and a binder, wherein the lithium oxide intercalates and/or deintercalates lithium ions into and from the lattice structure of Li4Ti5O12. By coating the surface of the anode active material with lithium oxide, an anode including the surface-treated anode active material has a high capacity, high-rate properties, and a high initial efficiency.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery including a current collector and an active material layer carried on the current collector, wherein the active material layer includes an active material represented by the general formula: LiaSiOx where 0.5?a?x?1.1 and 0.2?x?1.2; and the active material is obtained by vapor-depositing lithium on a layer including an active material precursor containing silicon and oxygen to cause reaction between the active material precursor and the lithium.

Abstract: A process for producing at least one lead battery electrode (7) comprising a support (8) on which an active paste (9) is disposed, characterised in that the paste surface is in contact with a powder substance for the purpose of reducing surface wetness by a mechanical, chemical or physical action.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein present a method for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication in fuel cells utilizing de-alloyed nanoparticle membranes as electrodes. A method for fabrication of a fuel cell electrode assembly, comprising: preparing a catalyst coated membrane, forming a membrane electrode assembly, assembling a fuel cell, and de-alloying the membrane electrode assembly. Further disclosed is a fuel cell apparatus, comprising a de-alloyed catalyst and a cathode comprising, a first membrane electrode assembly, wherein the de-alloyed catalyst is coated on the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: Methods and associated structures of forming a microelectronic device are described. Those methods may include introducing a first metal source, a second metal source and an oxygen source into a chamber and then forming a ternary oxide film comprising a first percentage of the first metal, a second percentage of the second metal, and a third percentage of oxygen.

Abstract: Voltage delay in an active metal anode/liquid cathode battery cell can be significantly reduced or completely alleviated by coating the active metal anode (e.g., Li) surface with a thin layer of an inorganic compound with Li-ion conductivity using chemical treatment of Li surface. Particularly, preferred examples of such compounds include lithium phosphate, lithium metaphosphate, and/or their mixtures or solid solutions with lithium sulphate. These compounds can be formed on the Li surface by treatment with diluted solutions of the following individual acids: H3PO4, HPO3 and H2SO4, their acidic salts, or their binary or ternary mixtures in a dry organic solvent compatible with Li, for instance in 1,2-DME; by various deposition techniques. Such chemical protection of the Li or other active metal electrode significantly reduces the voltage delay due to protected anode's improved stability toward the electrolyte.

Abstract: An evaporation apparatus that is capable of stably forming a good quality thin film and is highly suitable for mass production is provided. The evaporation apparatus include an evaporation source discharging an evaporation material by heating, a retention member retaining an evaporation object, and a heat shield member that is located between the evaporation source and the evaporation object retained by the retention member, has an opening for passing the evaporation material in a state of vapor phase from the evaporation source to the evaporation object, and shields the evaporation object from part of radiation heat of the evaporation source. The heat shield member is located closer to the evaporation source than to the retention member.

Abstract: In a negative electrode active material for a lithium ion secondary battery including a silicon oxide capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, a silicon oxide having structural units each in the form of a tetrahedron in which a silicon atom is located at its center and silicon or oxygen atoms are located at its four vertices is used. The structural units are arranged randomly to form an amorphous structure. In the case that the number of oxygen atoms located at the four vertices in the structural units is represented by n (n=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4) and the structural units are represented by Si(n), the number of the structural units NSi(n) in the silicon oxide satisfies the following relations (1) to (3). [ Formula ? ? 1 ] NSi ? ( 0 ) ? NSi ? ( n ) ? 0.1 ( 1 ) Nsi ? ( 4 ) ? NSi ? ( n ) ? 0.

Abstract: This invention provides a highly active and stable catalyst, which is suitable for use in fuel cells while suppressing the amount of expensive noble metals used, i.e., platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru), and a process for producing the catalyst, and a membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell using the catalyst. The catalyst comprises: an electro conductive support; and catalyst particles supported on the electro conductive support and having a composition represented by formula (1) PtuRuxMgyTz ??(1) wherein u is 30 to 60 atm %, x is 20 to 50 atm %, y is 0.5 to 20 atm %, and z is 0.

Abstract: A coating system, for use in reducing air burn oxidation of a carbon anode of an aluminium electrolytic smelter, includes a pre-coat and a top coat which together enable protection of the anode when applied thereover. The pre-coat contains finely divided carbonaceous material dispersed in a solution of a suitable binder. The top coat contains finely divided particulate material, comprising at least one of alumina and cryolite, dispersed in a solution of a suitable binder.

Abstract: An electron-emitting device and a fabricating method thereof are provided. First, a substrate, having a first side and a second side which is opposite to the first side, is provided. Afterwards, a first electrode pattern layer is formed on the first side of the substrate. Next, a conductive pattern layer is formed on the substrate and the first electrode pattern layer. After that, an electron-emitting region is formed in the conductive pattern layer. Then, a second electrode pattern layer is formed on the second side of the substrate and partially covers the conductive pattern layer. The fabricating method has a simple fabricating process and a low fabricating cost.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for coating metallic surfaces with an anti-corrosive composition that contains a conductive polymer and is a dispersion that contains the at least one conductive polymer mainly or entirely in particulate form, as well as a binder system. The conductive polymer is at least one polymer based on polyphenylene, polyfuran, polyimidazole, polyphenanthrene, polypyrrole, polythiophene and/or polythiophenylene charged with anti-corrosive mobile anions. Alternatively, the metallic surfaces can be first coated with a dispersion based on conductive polymers in particulate form, then coated with a composition which contains a binder system.

Abstract: A method of producing a photocatalyst according to the invention comprises forming an amorphous titanium oxide and heat-treating it in an atmosphere containing oxygen, whereby a photocatalyst having a good photocatalysis can be obtained. In particular, the amorphous titanium oxide is obtained by using the reactive sputtering method and via deposition at a low temperature and at a high film formation rate. This apparatus can be provided with cooling means to allow enhancement of the throughput of the film formation process.

Abstract: An highly porous electrically conducting film that includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes, nanowires or a combination of both. The highly porous electrically conducting film exhibits an electrical resistivity of less than 0.1 O·cm at 25 C and a density of between 0.05 and 0.70 g/cm3. The film can exhibit a density between 0.50 and 0.85 g/cm3 and an electrical resistivity of less than 6×1031 3 O·cm at 25 C. Also included is a method of forming these highly porous electrically conducting films by forming a composite film using carbon nanotubes or nanowires and sacrificial nanoparticles or microparticles. At least a portion of the nanoparticles or microparticles are then removed from the composite film to form the highly porous electrically conducting film.

Abstract: Low resistivity graphite coated fibers having exfoliated and pulverized graphite platelets coated on an outer surface of electrically insulating fibers are provided. Various methods are also provided for surface coating of the graphite platelets onto the insulating fibers which are provided to increase the glass fiber surface conductivity. The graphite coated glass fibers can be used to produce reinforced composite materials. Reinforced composite materials incorporating the graphite coated fibers can be electrostatically painted without using a conductive primer.

Abstract: An object comprising a conductive body part, a layer comprising a refractory metal (e.g. tantalum), and a layer comprising a precious metal (e.g. platinum or gold). A metallurgical bond has been formed between the layers. Thereby oxidation of the refractory metal layer, and thereby passivation of the object, can be avoided even with small amounts of precious metal. This lowers the material costs while ensuring desired corrosion resistant properties. The object is suitable for an electrode to be used in a corrosive environment, in particular when a large conductivity is needed. Also a method of manufacturing the object. The metallurgical bond is provided by heating the object.

Abstract: A novel process for producing an electron source substrate is disclosed for formation of electron-emitting element at high efficiency with less shape irregularity. In the process, the region for electroconductive film formation is divided into plural subregions on which an electroconductive film is formed respectively. In forming the electroconductive film by application of plural liquids, the time interval between the application of the two drops is controlled to be larger than the time length necessary for suppressing the spreading of the succeedingly applied liquid within an allowable limit.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrode for electrolysis including: a conductive substrate; and a conductive diamond formed on a surface of the conductive substrate, the conductive substrate having at least one surface shape selected from the group consisting of: (a) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 100-1,000-?m and an RSm of 50-10,000 ?m; (b) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 2.5-100 ?m and an RSm of 1.5-800 ?m, and (c) a surface shape of a combination of an Ra of 0.01-2 ?m and an RSm of 0.005-250 ?m, and a process for producing the electrode.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the cycle characteristics and the swollenness characteristics is provided. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The node has an anode current collector and an anode active material layer provided thereon, and the anode active material layer contains a plurality of anode active material particles having silicon, and a metal material having a metal element not being alloyed with an electrode reactant in a gap between the anode active material particles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field emission device comprising an anode and a cathode, wherein said cathode includes carbon nanotubes nanotubes which have been subjected to energy, plasma, chemical, or mechanical treatment. The present invention also relates to a field emission cathode comprising carbon nanotubes which have been subject to such treatment. A method for treating the carbon nanotubes and for creating a field emission cathode is also disclosed. A field emission display device containing carbon nanotube which have been subject to such treatment is further disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode for an electrochemical element capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions includes a lithiation treatment method for compensating an irreversible capacity of the electrode for an electrochemical element. In the lithiation treatment method, lithium is provided to the electrode by allowing a lithium vapor to flow with a movement route of the lithium vapor limited.

Abstract: The inventive method relates to microelectronic and consists in the application of an emission layer to elements of an addressable field-emission electrode with the aid of a gas-phase synthesis method in a hydrogen flow accompanied by a supply of a carbonaceous gas. A dielectric backing is made of a high-temperature resistant material and discrete elements of the addressable field-emission electrode are made of a high-temperature resistant metal. The growth rate of the emission layer on the dielectric backing is smaller than the growth rate of the emission layer on the metallic discrete elements as a result of a selected process of depositing the carbonaceous emission layer, namely the backing temperature, the temperature of the reactor threads, the pumping speed of a gas mixture through the reactor, a selected distance between the reactor threads and the backing and a settling time. The cathode metallic discrete elements can be made of two metallic layers.

Abstract: Highly uniform silicon/germanium nanoparticles can be formed into stable dispersions with a desirable small secondary particle size. The silicon/germanium particles can be surface modified to form the dispersions. The silicon/germanium nanoparticles can be doped to change the particle properties. The dispersions can be printed as an ink for appropriate applications. The dispersions can be used to form selectively doped deposits of semiconductor materials such as for the formation of photovoltaic cells or for the formation of printed electronic circuits.

Abstract: A composite particle for an electrode including an active material particle, carbon nanofibers bonded to the surface of the active material particle, and a catalyst element for promoting the growth of the carbon nanofibers, wherein the active material particle includes an electrochemically active phase. As the catalyst element, for example, Au, Ag, Pt, Ru, Ir, Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, Mn and the like are used. The composite particle for an electrode may be produced, for example, by means of a method which includes: a step of preparing an active material particle including a catalyst element for promoting the growth of carbon nanofibers at least in the surface layer of the active material particle; and a step of growing carbon nanofibers on the surface of the active material particle in an atmosphere including a raw material gas.

Abstract: A secondary battery electrode includes an active material layer configured to be provided on a current collector arid be obtained by stacking a plurality of active material sub-layers composed of an active material. Pores of which pore diameter along a thickness direction of the active material layer is 3 to 300 nm are formed along a boundary between the active material sub-layers, and at least a part of the pores is filled with an electrolyte and/or a product arising from reduction of the electrolyte upon assembling of a secondary battery.

Abstract: A negative electrode yields a high-performance nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has a high discharging capacity, high charging/discharging efficiency in the initial stage and during cyclic operation, and excellent properties in cyclic operation, and the electrode of which less expands after cyclic operation. The negative electrode includes an active material thin film which mainly contains a compound represented by a general formula SiZxMy, wherein Z, M, “x” and “y” satisfy the following conditions, of a phase including an element Z lying in a nonequilibrium state in silicon. The element Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of boron, carbon, and nitrogen. The element M is other than silicon and the element Z and is at least one element selected from the elements of Groups 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 16 of the Periodic Table of Elements. The number “x” is such a value that a Z-concentration ratio Q(Z) falls within the range of 0.10 to 0.95.

Abstract: A composition for preparing an emitter including: flake type carbide-derived carbon which is prepared by thermochemically reacting carbide compounds with halogen-containing gases to extract all elements of the carbide compounds except carbon, an organic solvent and a dispersant. A method of preparing the emitter using the composition for forming the emitter, an emitter prepared using the method and an electron emission device. The emitter has good uniformity and a long lifetime. It can be prepared using a more inexpensive method than using conventional carbon nanotubes. A pattern can be formed by easily regulating the size of the manufactured emitter using an ink jet printer. Non-uniform emission generated by residue when using a conventional printing method can be avoided. Thus, a micro electrode, in which an arc discharge does not occur even in the presence of a strong electric field, can be conveniently manufactured.

Abstract: A diamond electrode having a sufficiently low resistance is disclosed which is realized by increasing the amount of boron added thereto. A method for producing a high-performance, high-durability electrode is also disclosed by which adhesiveness between a diamond coating and a substrate and separation resistance during electrolysis are sufficiently increased. An electrode composed of a substrate and a diamond layer coating the substrate is characterized in that the electrode is composed of a base coated with diamond and the diamond contains boron in such an amount that the boron concentration is not less than 10,000 ppm but not more than 100,000 ppm. The base is preferably made of an insulating material.

Abstract: Evaporation and condensation of carbon is effected by arc discharge between an anode formed of a carbon electrode and a cathode disposed facing the carbon electrode 2 in an inert gas atmosphere, and at the same time, the generated carbon nanotubes are dispersed into an inert gas and transported along with the inert gas through a transporting tube, and a jet of the inert gas containing the carbon nanotubes is emitted from a nozzle, thereby forming carbon nanotubes on a target substrate. This provides a carbon nanotube manufacturing method wherein carbon nanotubes are generated with a simple process, and the CNT patterning process is simplified by forming a carbon nanotube film on a substrate, thereby reducing costs.

Abstract: A field emission device and method of forming a field emission device are provided in accordance with the present invention. The field emission device is comprised of a substrate (12) having a deformation temperature that is less than about six hundred and fifty degrees Celsius and a nano-supported catalyst (22) formed on the substrate (12) that has active catalytic particles that are less than about five hundred nanometers. The field emission device is also comprised of a nanotube (24) that is catalytically formed in situ on the nano-supported catalyst (22), which has a diameter that is less than about twenty nanometers.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electron beam apparatus having an airtight container with electron-emitting devices contained therein and spacers provided in the airtight container comprising the coating step of providing a film on a spacer substrate to be the spacers, and characterized in that the coating step includes the applying step of applying liquid film material by emitting from an emitting portion in a predetermined direction to a part of a surface of the spacer substrate facing the emitting portion.

Abstract: A carbon fiber for a field electron emitter has a coaxial stacking morphology of truncated conical tubular graphene layers, each of which includes a hexagonal carbon layer and has a large ring end and a small ring end at opposite ends in the axial direction. The edges of the hexagonal carbon layers are exposed on at least part of the large ring ends. Since all the exposed edges function as electron emission tips, a large amount of emission current can be obtained.

Abstract: An inert anode 50, for use in an electrolytic cell 12 for producing metals such as aluminum, is made by providing chemical source materials 100 such as at least two of metal salts, metal particles, or metal oxides and dissolving them to form a solution or a slurry 110, followed by adding a base 120 and adjusting the pH so that a gel 130 is formed which is dried and calcined 150, 160, 190 to provide a blend of metal oxide powder 200 which can be pressed and sintered 220 to form an inert anode 50.

Abstract: A method of applying a polymer coating uses a nebulized aerosol of solubilized polymer solution having high-viscosity droplets and low-viscosity droplets to form a textured antireflective surface. Air or other gas is used to direct the nebulized aerosol toward the surface of an object. In some embodiments, heated or dried air, such as from an air curtain, is used to promote the formation of high-viscosity droplets. In a particular embodiment, multiple ultrasonic nebulizers are used in combination with synchronized air jets to apply a uniform polymer coating onto a glass panel used in a large-format display system. Dye is optionally added to the solubilized polymer solution to provide a notch filter at 585 nm and/or infrared filter.

Abstract: The use of a mixture comprising reactive oxygen species and reactive fluorine and/or chlorine species in the production of an organic light-emissive device, comprising an organic light emissive region provided between two electrodes such that charge carriers can move between the electrodes and the organic light emissive region, for etching the organic light-emissive region.

Abstract: The chemical composition of thin films is modulated during their growth. A computer code has been developed to design specific processes for producing a desired chemical composition for various deposition geometries. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results was achieved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic device including a step of giving a droplet 12 of a liquid containing a formation material of a member that constitutes the electronic device to a plurality of portions on a substrate 1 while said substrate 1 and a droplet ejecting portion 7 are moved relatively in an in-surface direction of said substrate 1, wherein the droplet 12 is given while a position on a droplet given surface to which the droplet is given is corrected in accordance with the distribution of distances between the ejecting portion 7 and the droplet 12 given surface on the substrate which occurs when the substrate 1 and the ejecting portion 7 are relatively moved. Thereby forming the member constituting the electronic device accurately at the plural portion on the substrate 1, and thus forming plural electronic device of same charactoristics.

Abstract: A method for making a field emission cold cathode for use in vacuum tubes. A carbon velvet material is coated with a low work function cesiated salt and bonded to a cathode surface. Alternatively, the carbon velvet material is bonded to the cathode surface before being coated with the cesiated salt. The coating may be applied by spraying the carbon velvet material with a cesiated salt solution, or by dipping the material into a crucible of molten cesiated salt. This abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract, and is intended to allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning the claims.

Abstract: A method of producing an electron-emitting device includes the steps of forming a pair of electrodes and an electrically-conductive thin film on a substrate in such a manner that the pair of electrodes are in contact with the electrically-conductive thin film and forming an electron emission region using the electrically-conductive thin film, wherein a solution containing a metal element is supplied in a droplet form onto the substrate thereby forming the electrically-conductive thin film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal composition for making a conductive film and a metal composition for making an electron emission element. The metal composition includes a vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid copolymer represented by formula (I).

Abstract: A head chip is manufactured by disposing partition walls made of piezoelectric ceramic between a pair of opposing substrates made of a dielectric material so that the partition walls are spaced apart at a preselected interval to form channels. Inorganic conductive films are formed on a surface of one of the substrates. At least one metal film is formed on a portion of each of the inorganic conductive films. An electrode is formed on a side surface of each of the channels. Each of the electrodes is electrically connected to a respective one of the metal films via a respective one of the inorganic conductive films.

Abstract: Carbon nanotubes are formed on a substrate by providing a coiled filament in a chemical vapor deposition chamber, supporting a substrate having a catalytic coating provided thereon inside the coiled filament, evacuating air, if present, from the chamber, heating the filament and applying a bias voltage between the filament and the substrate, introducing a reactant gas into the chamber, and pyrolyzing the reactant gas to deposit the carbon nanotubes on the catalytic coating. The substrate can be in the form of a rod or fiber and the carbon nanotubes can be deposited in a radially extending cluster on the substrate. The present invention also contemplates an apparatus for carrying out the inventive method.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing electron emitting devices each having electrodes formed on a substrate and an electroconductive thin film connected between a pair of electrodes and having an electron emitting region is provided which can manufacture electron emitting devices having an excellent uniformity of electron emitting characteristics by improving the formation of liquid droplets to be dispensed to the substrate. In the manufacturing method, the substrate formed with the electrodes is subjected to a hydrophobic process using a silane coupling agent which contains two or more acetoxy groups in a molecule, and thereafter liquid droplets containing material for forming the electroconductive thin film are dispensed to the substrate. An image of excellent uniformity can be displayed by adopting electron emitting devices manufactured in the above manner to an image display apparatus.

Abstract: A method of vertically aligning pure carbon nanotubes on a large glass or silicon substrate at a low temperature using a low pressure DC thermal chemical vapor deposition method is provided. In this method, catalytic decomposition with respect to hydro-carbon gases is performed in two steps. Basically, an existing thermal chemical vapor deposition method using hydro-carbon gases such as acetylene, ethylene, methane or propane is used. To be more specific, the hydro-carbon gases are primarily decomposed at a low temperature of 400-500° C. by passing the hydro-carbon gases through a mesh-structure catalyst which is made of Ni, Fe, Co, Y, Pd, Pt, Au or an alloy of two or more of these materials.

Abstract: A non-carbon, metal-based, high temperature resistant, electrically conductive and electrochemically active anode of a cell for the production of aluminum has a metal-based substrate to which an adherent coating is applied prior to its immersion into the electrolyte and start up of the electrolysis by connection to the positive current supply. The coating is obtainable from one or more layers applied from: a liquid solution, a dispersion in a liquid or a paste, a suspension in a liquid or a paste, and a pasty or non-pasty slurry, and combinations thereof with or without one or more further applied layers, with or without heat treatment between two consecutively applied layers when at least two layers are applied.

Abstract: An electron-emitting source includes a substrate and a coating film. The substrate is made of a material containing a metal serving as a growth nucleus for nanotube fibers as a main component, and has a plurality of through holes. The coating film is constituted by nanotube fibers formed on a surface of the substrate and wall surfaces of the through holes. A method of manufacturing an electron-emitting source is also disclosed.

Abstract: A multicolor organic light emitting device employs vertically stacked layers of double heterostructure devices which are fabricated from organic compounds. The vertical stacked structure is formed on a glass base having a transparent coating of ITO or similar metal to provide a substrate. Deposited on the substrate is the vertical stacked arrangement of three double heterostructure devices, each fabricated from a suitable organic material. Stacking is implemented such that the double heterostructure with the longest wavelength is on the top of the stack. This constitutes the device emitting red light on the top with the device having the shortest wavelength, namely, the device emitting blue light, on the bottom of the stack. Located between the red and blue device structures is the green device structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal composition for making a conductive film and a metal composition for making an electron emission element. The metal composition includes a vinylpyrrolidone-acrylic acid copolymer represented by formula (I).