Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed, which includes: a panel, including: a first substrate; a second substrate, disposed opposite to the first substrate; a first protection element, disposed on a surface of the first substrate away from the second substrate; and a first polarizer, disposed on the first protection element.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to glass articles that include mechanically durable glass compositions having high liquidus viscosity. The glass articles may include glass compositions having from 50 mol. % to 80 mol. % SiO2; from 7 mol. % to 25 mol. % Al2O3; from 2 mol. % to about 14 mol. % Li2O; 0.4 mol. % P2O5; and less than or equal to 0.5 mol. % ZrO2. The quantity (Al2O3 (mol. %)-R2O (mol. %)-RO (mol. %)) is greater than zero, where R2O (mol. %) is the sum of the molar amounts of Li2O, Na2O, K2O, Rb2O, and Cs2O in the glass composition and RO (mol. %) is the sum of the molar amounts of BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO in the glass composition. A molar ratio of (Li2O (mol. %))/(R2O (mol. %)) may be greater or equal to 0.5. In embodiments, the glass composition may include B2O3. The glass compositions are fusion formable and have high damage resistance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic device is disclosed, which includes the following steps: assembling a first mother substrate and a second mother substrate; disposing a first protection element on a surface of the first mother substrate away from the second mother substrate; disposing a first mother polarizer on the first protection element; and processing an assembly of the first mother substrate, the second mother substrate, the first protection element, and the first mother polarizer into a plurality of panels.

Abstract: Resistance increase in Cobalt interconnects due to nitridation occurring during removal of surface oxide from Cobalt interconnects and deposition of Nitrogen-containing film on Cobalt interconnects is solved by a Hydrogen thermal anneal or plasma treatment. Removal of the Nitrogen is through a thin overlying layer which may be a dielectric barrier layer or an etch stop layer.

Abstract: Resistance increase in Cobalt interconnects due to nitridation occurring during removal of surface oxide from Cobalt interconnects and deposition of Nitrogen-containing film on Cobalt interconnects is solved by a Hydrogen thermal anneal or plasma treatment. Removal of the Nitrogen is through a thin overlying layer which may be a dielectric barrier layer or an etch stop layer.

Abstract: A glass substrate for p-Si TFT flat panel displays that is composed of a glass comprising 52-78 mass % of SiO2, 3-25 mass % of Al2O3, 3-15 mass % of B2O3, 3-25 mass % of RO, wherein RO is total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, 0.01-1 mass % of Fe2O3, and 0-0.3 mass % of Sb2O3, and substantially not comprising As2O3, the glass having a mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/B2O3 in a range of 7-30 and a mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/RO equal to or greater than 6. A method for manufacturing a glass substrate involves: a melting step of obtaining a molten glass by melting, by employing at least direct electrical heating, glass raw materials blended so as to provide the aforementioned glass composition; a forming step of forming the molten glass into a flat-plate glass; and an annealing step of annealing the flat-plate glass.

Abstract: A glass substrate for p-Si TFT flat panel displays that is composed of a glass comprising 52-78 mass % of SiO2, 3-25 mass % of Al2O3, 3-15 mass % of B2O3, 3-25 mass % of RO, wherein RO is total amount of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO, 0.01-1 mass % of Fe2O3, and 0-0.3 mass % of Sb2O3, and substantially not comprising As2O3, the glass having a mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/B2O3 in a range of 7-30 and a mass ratio (SiO2+Al2O3)/RO equal to or greater than 6. A method for manufacturing a glass substrate involves: a melting step of obtaining a molten glass by melting, by employing at least direct electrical heating, glass raw materials blended so as to provide the aforementioned glass composition; a forming step of forming the molten glass into a flat-plate glass; and an annealing step of annealing the flat-plate glass.

Abstract: Glass compositions are provided that are useful in a variety of applications including, for example, electronics applications, reinforcement applications, and others. Some embodiments of glass compositions can provide desirable dielectric constants, desirable dissipation factors, and/or desirable mechanical properties while also having desirable fiber forming properties.

Abstract: Disclosed are an adhesive composition for glass bonding, a glass assembly and a display using the adhesive composition. The adhesive composition includes a urethane-acryl copolymer, a monomer mixture of an acrylic monomer having no hydroxyl group and a monomer having a hydroxyl group, an isocyanate cross-linking agent, and a photo-polymerization initiator. The adhesive composition has advantages of: favorable scattering prevention of broken glass pieces, excellent heat-resistant durability enabling prevention of damage to an image display apparatus caused by temperature change, no adverse effect upon transmittance of the image display apparatus, hence ensuring desired visibility.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a planar glass sealing structure and a manufacturing method thereof, the planar glass sealing structure comprises, in a top-down order: a first glass substrate, an insulating layer, a metal sealing frame and a second glass substrate. The insulating layer is formed as a frame shape, and disposed on a peripheral margin of the first glass substrate; the metal sealing frame is formed by heating to melt a metal solder layer between the first and second glass substrate, and it can keep a fixed gap between the first and second glass substrate, so that an inner space thereof is kept in an excellent sealed condition. The present invention can ensure the sealing structure of two correspondingly assembled glass substrates, so that the inner space thereof is insulated from moisture and oxygen, so as to increase the performance and quality of the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a film with a transparent electroconductive membrane including a transparent base material and a transparent electroconductive membrane. The transparent electroconductive membrane has on its surface crystalline secondary particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 1 ?m in an amount of 1 to 100 particles/?m2. A substrate for a display, a display, a liquid crystal display device, and an organic EL element using the film with a transparent electroconductive membrane are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a wiring structure for display device which does not generate hillocks even when exposed to high temperatures at levels around 450 to 600° C., has excellent high-temperature heat resistance, keeps electrical resistance (wiring resistance) of the entire wiring structure low, and further has excellent resistance to hydrofluoric acid. This wiring structure for a display device comprises a structure in which are laminated, in order from the substrate side, a first layer of an Al alloy that contains at least one chemical element selected from the group (group X) consisting of Ta, Nb, Re, Zr, W, Mo, V, Hf, Ti, Cr, and Pt and contains at least one rare earth element, and a second layer of an Al alloy nitride, or a nitride of at least one chemical element selected from the group Y consisted of Ti, Mo, Al, Ta, Nb, Re, Zr, W, V, Hf, and Cr.

Abstract: The resin composition of the present invention is a resin composition characterized by including (a) a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole, a polyimide precursor or a polybenzoxazole precursor, (b) 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, or 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, and (c) a thermal cross-linking agent having a specific structure. By the use of the resin composition of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the transmittance in the visible region of a cured film while maintaining the transmittance of a resin film before curing.

Abstract: A coated article includes a low-E coating supported by a substrate (e.g., glass substrate), the low-E coating including first and second IR reflecting layers comprising silver and/or gold, and at least one UV blocking layer that blocks significant amounts of UV light having a wavelength of from 380-400 nm so that no more than about 20% of light having a wavelength of from 380-400 passes through the low-E coating. The UV blocking layer may be positioned so as to not directly contact the first and second IR reflecting layers.

Abstract: Provided are a bottom chassis, a method of fabricating the same, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) including the same. The bottom chassis is fabricated using an aluminum alloy plate including, by weight, 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.8 to 1.5% magnesium, 0.01 to 0.03% titanium, less than 0.02% molybdenum, and 96% or more aluminum.

Abstract: Disclosed are controlled chemical etching processes used to modify the geometry of surface flaws in thin glass substrates and glass substrate assemblies formed therefrom, and in particular glass substrates suitable for the manufacture of active matrix displays that are essentially free of alkali metal oxides such as Na2O, K2O and Li2O.

Abstract: A coated glass includes a substrate, a first conductive layer, a metallic layer and a second conductive layer. The first conductive layer is deposited on the substrate. The metallic layer is deposited on the first conductive layer. The second conductive layer is deposited on the metallic layer. The first conductive layer and the second conductive layer are consisted of tin oxide, antimony oxide and zinc oxide, zinc oxide has a mole percentage in a range from about 30% to about 50%, antimony oxide has a mole percentage in a range from about 1% to about 5%, and the remaining is tin oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a light-shielding film-attached glass substrate including: a glass substrate; and a light-shielding film having a multilayer structure and being formed on the glass substrate, in which the light-shielding film having a multilayer structure includes: a first chromium oxynitride film (CrOx1Ny1); and a second chromium oxynitride film (CrOx2Ny2), each satisfying the following conditions and being laminated in this order from the glass substrate side: 0.15<x1<0.5, 0.1<y1<0.35, 0.4<x1+y1<0.65, 0.03<x2<0.15, and 0.09<y2<0.25.

Abstract: Provided are a bottom chassis, a method of fabricating the same, and a liquid crystal display (LCD) including the same. The bottom chassis is fabricated using an aluminum alloy plate including, by weight, 0.5 to 1.5% manganese, 0.8 to 1.5% magnesium, 0.01 to 0.03% titanium, less than 0.02% molybdenum, and 96% or more aluminum.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an Ag alloy film. Particularly, it is preferably used as a reflective film or semi-transmissive reflective film for an optical information recording medium having high thermal conductivity/high reflectance/high durability in the field of optical information recording media, an electromagnetic-shielding film excellent in Ag aggregation resistance, and an optical reflective film on the back of a reflection type liquid crystal display device, or the like. The Ag alloy film of the present invention comprises an Ag base alloy containing Bi and/or Sb in a total amount of 0.005 to 10% (in terms of at %). Further, the present invention relates to a sputtering target used for the deposition of such an Ag alloy film.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a manufacturing method for a ceramic heater. The manufacturing method includes the step of manufacturing a sintered ceramic substrate using a ceramic material and forming a conductive through hole in the ceramic substrate, the step of screen printing low temperature firing paste on the ceramic substrate, thus forming a heating wire, the step of screen printing Ag paste on the through hole, thus forming an electrode, the step of joining, using heat and pressure, a green sheet to a surface of the ceramic substrate on which the heating wire is formed, the step of firing the joined ceramic substrate and green sheet at low temperature, thus manufacturing a substrate body, and the step of brazing the lead wire to the electrode of the substrate body using filler metal while the lead wire is exposed to atmosphere.

Abstract: A clay thin film substrate including a clay thin film having a structure, in which oriented clay particles are laminated; and at least a gas barrier inorganic layer which is laminated on at least one surface of the clay thin film.

Abstract: A structure for encapsulating a liquid crystal display device is disclosed. Openings are formed in a second material layer on a first substrate, exposing an underlying first material layer. The openings are substantially distributed over the perimeter of the first substrate. A sealant is placed in the openings, forming a sealant region for attachment of a second substrate to the first substrate. The sealant region is substantially perpendicular to a direction of length of the openings. In addition, the sealant contacts the first material layer and the second material layer through the openings.

Abstract: There is provided a transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate characterized in having a transmittance of 0.005% or less in a crossed Nicol system at a thickness of 1 mm and a wavelength of 450 nm, which does not generate image blurring or light-dark change when used in optical products. There is also provided a method for producing the transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate comprising a step for preparing a spinel powder, a step for molding the spinel powder and producing a spinel formed body, a step for sintering the spinel formed body and producing a spinel sintered body, and a step for subjecting the spinel sintered body to hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and producing a spinel polycrystalline body. There is further provided a liquid crystal projector and a receiver for rear-projection television having the aforementioned transparent polycrystalline spinel substrate.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer laminates having one or more layers comprising twisted nematic liquid crystals and one or more layers of a polymeric sheet comprising a polymer with a modulus between 20,000 psi (138 MPa) and 100,000 psi (690 MPa). The twisted nematic liquid crystal layers reflect infrared radiation. Thus, the multilayer laminates are useful to reduce the transmission of infrared energy. For example, in some embodiments the multilayer laminates are useful as windows to reduce energy consumption necessary to cool the interior of a structure such as an automobile or building. Preferably, the multilayer laminates retain the beneficial properties of safety glass. The multilayer laminates may include additional layers such as infrared absorbing layers, half wave plates, and the like, to minimize the transmission of infrared energy. The multilayer laminates may also include further additional layers such as polymeric films, polymeric sheets, rigid sheets, and the like.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer laminates having one or more layers comprising twisted nematic liquid crystals and one or more layers of a polymeric sheet comprising a polymer with a modulus of 20,000 psi (138 MPa) or less. The twisted nematic liquid crystal layers reflect infrared radiation. Thus, the multilayer laminates are useful to reduce the transmission of infrared energy. For example, in some embodiments the multilayer laminates are useful as windows to reduce energy consumption necessary to cool the interior of a structure such as an automobile or building. Preferably, the multilayer laminates retain the beneficial properties of safety glass. The multilayer laminates may include additional layers such as infrared absorbing layers, half wave plates, and the like, to minimize the transmission of infrared energy. The multilayer laminates may also include further additional layers such as polymeric films, polymeric sheets, rigid sheets, and the like.

Abstract: A method of forming a liquid crystal device, includes: contacting an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant and a receptor molecule with a top surface of a liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is in a holding compartment of a substrate, and the receptor molecule is adsorbed on the top surface of the liquid crystal forming an interface between the liquid crystal and the aqueous solution. The receptor molecule is different than the surfactant. A method of detecting a compound in a flowing stream includes passing an aqueous solution over a top surface of a liquid crystal in a holding compartment of a substrate. The method also includes determining whether a change in the orientation of the liquid crystal occurs as the aqueous solution is passed over the top surface of the liquid crystal. A change in the orientation of the liquid crystal indicates the presence of the compound in the flowing stream.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display that includes a first substrate having a thin film transistor, a common electrode, and a pixel electrode, and a second substrate is presented. The second substrate has one side with a transparent conductive layer and an insulating layer covering the transparent conductive layer, and the other side facing the first substrate. A liquid crystal layer is between the first substrate and the second substrate. Static electricity generation can be prevented by forming the transparent conductive layer on a substrate where the common electrode and the pixel electrode are not formed. Also, the transparent conductive layer is protected from damage by forming the insulating layer on the transparent conductive layer.

Abstract: Electroless NiWP layers are used for TFT Cu gate process. The NiWP deposition process comprises the following steps. (a) Cleaning of the base surface using for example UV light, ozone solution and/or alkaline mixture solution, (b) micro-etching of the base surface using, e.g. diluted acid, (c) catalyzation of the base surface using, e.g. SnCl<SUB>2</SUB> and PdCl<SUB>2</SUB> solutions, (d) conditioning of the base surface using reducing agent solution, and (e) NiWP deposition. It has been discovered that NiWP layers deposited under certain conditions could provide good adhesion to the glass substrate and to the Cu layer with a good Cu barrier capability. A NiWP layer in useful for adhesion, capping and/or barrier layers for TFT Cu gate process (e.g. for flat screen display panels).

Abstract: Such a polymerizable liquid crystal composition is to be provided that is excellent in stability in a solution state, shows good coating property on a supporting substrate, and has a uniform homeotropic alignment property. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains an acrylate compound, an epoxy compound and a bisphenol fluorene compound. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains a compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formulae (1-1) and (1-2) as a component (A), a compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formula (2) as a component (B), a compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formulae (3-1) to (3-3) as a component (C) and a compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formulae (4-1A), (4-1B), (4-2), (4-3), (4-4) and (4-5) as a component (D), and may optionally contain a compound selected from a group of compounds represented by formulae (5-1) and (5-2) as a component (E).

Abstract: A glass substrate for a display, which is formed of a glass having a light weight and having high refinability with decreasing environmental burdens, the glass comprising, by mass %, 50 to 70% of SiO2, 5 to 18% of B2O3, 10 to 25% of Al2O3, 0 to 10% of MgO, 0 to 20% of CaO, 0 to 20% of SrO, 0 to 10% of BaO, 5 to 20% of RO (in which R is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba), and over 0.20% but not more than 2.0% of R?2O (in which R? is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K), and containing, by mass %, 0.05 to 1.5% of oxide of metal that changes in valence number in a molten glass, and substantially containing none of As2O3, Sb2O3 and PbO.

Abstract: An optical film includes a multi-layer sheet having a plurality of polyethylene terephthalate polymer layers, the polymer layers having a first refraction index in a first direction parallel to a plane of the polymer layers and a second refraction index in a second direction parallel to the plane of the polymer layers, and a plurality of polyethylene terephthalate copolymer layers, the copolymer layers having a third refraction index in both the first and second directions, and a protection sheet directly on at least one side of the multi-layer sheet.

Abstract: An aromatic liquid-crystalline polyester composition is provided, which comprises at least one compound selected from an aliphatic carboxylate aryl ester and an aromatic carboxylic anhydride; an aromatic liquid-crystalline polyester; and a solvent containing at least 30% by weight of a halogen-substituted phenol compound. Using the composition, an aromatic liquid-crystalline polyester film with a low viscosity in melting state can be obtained.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a flexible display is provided, which includes: adhering a plastic substrate on a supporter using an adhesive; forming a thin film pattern on the plastic substrate; and separating the plastic substrate from the supporter using a solvent including THF (tetrahydrofuran). In this manner, the plastic substrate may be tidily separated from the supporter by using THF.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display cell including lamination of a lower polarizer, a first glass substrate having a metal oxide glass film formed on the side of the lower polarizer, a liquid crystal layer, a second glass substrate having a metal oxide glass film formed on the side opposite the liquid crystal layer, and an upper polarizer; and a backlight unit including a light guide plate, a diffusion plate, and light sources. The metal oxide glass films are a transparent film made of an organic/inorganic hybrid material. The films are formed by coating a solution of a metal alkoxide composition on individual outer surfaces of the first glass substrate and the second glass substrate, both of which have been roughened by a polishing process, and by hydrolyzing and curing the metal alkoxide composition.

Abstract: A panel is provided having a surface layer. The surface layer includes a surface that is the exterior surface of the panel. The surface layer includes a blend of nucleated binder fibers and synthetic fibers and forms a finishable, substantially defect and porosity free surface layer based on visual inspection.

Abstract: A glass laminate substrate for electronic substrates, such as flat panel displays, includes a transparent glass core bounded by transparent glass skin layers, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core is greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the skin layers thereby forming a residual compressive stress in the skin layers and a residual tensile stress in the core. The relative thickness of the skin layers can be selected to enhance the strength of the glass laminate substrate while maintaining a sufficiently low residual tensile stress in the core to allow scribing and separating of the substrate to size. Interlayers can be located between the core and the skin layers, wherein the interlayers include a residual compressive stress, and produce a reduced residual tensile stress in the core.

Abstract: A thin film transistor (TFT) is formed on an insulating substrate, and a photosensitive resin film as an interlayer insulating film is formed so as to cover the TFT. Contact holes are formed in the photosensitive resin, and smooth concave and convex portions are provided on an upper surface of the resin. A film including molybdenum nitride (MoN) and a reflective pixel electrode film are successively laminated on the photosensitive resin. The nitrogen content in the MoN film may be between 5 atomic % and 30 atomic % inclusive.

Abstract: A reflective film used as a reflective electrode or a reflector, comprising an Ag-based alloy containing rare earth metals. The reflective film has high reflectivity and high durability.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline composite comprising a liquid crystalline polymer, particulate filler, and fibrous web. Further disclosed is a method for forming the liquid crystalline polymer composite. The liquid crystalline polymer composite is useful in circuit materials, circuits, and multi-layer circuits, economical to make, and has excellent flame retardant properties.

Abstract: A resin sheet containing dispersed particles which is thin and lightweight, and has excellent mechanical strength and light-diffusing properties. The resin sheets may be used in liquid crystal displays. A resin sheet having a hard coat layer, an epoxy resin layer containing 100 parts by weight of the resin to 200 parts by weight of a diffuser having a refractive index different from that of the epoxy resin and having an average particle diameter from 0.2 to 100 ?m, and a thin metal layer as a reflecting layer, wherein the diffuser localizes so as to have a concentration distribution in the direction of the thickness of the epoxy resin layer. A resin sheet having dispersed particles which is obtained by superposing a reflecting layer, an inorganic gas barrier layer, or a color filter layer thereon. A process for producing the resin sheet having a color filter layer.

Abstract: A resin sheet containing dispersed particles which is thin, lightweight, and has excellent mechanical strength and light-diffusing properties. The resin sheets may be used in liquid crystal displays. A resin sheet having a hard coat layer, an epoxy resin layer containing 100 parts by weight of the resin to 200 parts by weight of a diffuser having a refractive index different from that of the epoxy resin and having an average particle diameter from 0.2 to 100 ?m, and a thin metal layer as a reflecting layer, wherein the diffuser localizes so as to have a concentration distribution in the direction of the thickness of the epoxy resin layer. A resin sheet having dispersed particles which is obtained by superposing a reflecting layer, an inorganic gas barrier layer, or a color filter layer thereon. A process for producing the resin sheet having a color filter layer.

Abstract: The present application relates to a process for the manufacture of pigmented vitreous materials, as well as to pigmented vitreous materials, characterized by the use of soluble pigment precursors and preferably the absence of significant amounts of dispersants. These pigmented vitreous materials can be used as colored materials for any known purposes. Soluble pigment precursors comprising a partial structure are also claimed, wherein X1 is an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, B is hydrogen or a group of the formula but at least one group B is not hydrogen, and L is a solubilizing group.

Abstract: A laminate obtained by dissolving an aromatic liquid-crystalline polyester in an organic solvent to obtain a solution, casting the solution and removing the solvent to give a film, and laminating the film with a metal layer.

Abstract: Electrodes for liquid crystal cells include a substrate e.g. glass having a conductive and alignment coating e.g. a fluorine doped tin oxide coating. After a conductive coating is deposited on the substrate the surface is cleaned and wiped unidirectionally with a solvent saturated cloth for a predetermined number of times. The electrode prepared in the above manner eliminates the need for the polyimide layer over a conductive coating and heat treatment of the polyimide layer.

Abstract: An index-matching coating is applied directly to a low-emissivity (“lowE”) thin-film coating. Nodules growing from a site in the lowE coating are removed to avoid propagation of defects through the layers of the index-matching coating. A tempering step in an oxygen-containing atmosphere produces compressive stress in the lowE coating and hardens the coating. The compressive stress facilitates removal of the nodules and the hardening allows mechanical cleaning of the lowE coating prior to the index-matching coating, further removing nodules. Magnesium-fluoride is used as the final layer of the index-matching coating in one embodiment to improve abrasion resistance. The resulting glass panel may be used as a display panel in a plasma display or an organic light-emitting diode display, for example.

Abstract: An optical compensatory sheet comprises a transparent substrate, an orientation layer and an optically anisotropic layer in order. The optically anisotropic layer comprises discotic liquid crystal molecules. The orientation layer comprises a denatured polyvinyl alcohol having a hydrocarbon group containing 10 to 100 carbon atoms or a denatured polyvinyl alcohol containing fluorine atoms. The discotic liquid crystal molecules are aligned at an average inclined angle in the range of 50° to 90°. An orientation layer, a liquid crystal display of an STN mode and a method of alignment of discotic liquid crystal molecules are also disclosed.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device having a resin substrate wherein a transparent resin plate has at least a conductive layer via a transparent layer with a lower refractive index than the resin plate, and a liquid crystal display panel including at least a liquid crystal cell with a liquid crystal carried between a visible side substrate and a back side substrate that are disposed with electrodes on their substrates opposed to one another. One or both of the visible side substrate and the back side substrate is or are the resin substrate.

Abstract: A multilayer plate is provided comprising an optically transparent substrate, a protective layer, a conducting layer, and at least one anisotropic thin crystal film. The anisotropic thin crystal film is made of a substance containing aromatic rings and possessing a structure with an interplanar spacing of 3.4±0.2 Å along one of optical axes. The thin crystal film is situated between the substrate and the conducting layer and is separated from the conducting layer by the protective layer. The transmission of the multilayer plate for UV radiation does not exceed 1% at any wavelength below 380 nm.

Abstract: A glass ceramic having properties of low thermal expansion, high transmittance in a visible light region and low specific gravity, and a glass ceramic substrate made of the glass ceramic are provided. The glass ceramic has a crystal phase containing a &bgr;-quartz solid solution precipitated by heat treatment of a matrix glass for a glass ceramic, and the matrix glass has a glass composition comprising 55 to 70 mol % of SiO2, 13 to 23 mol % of Al2O3, 11 to 21 mol % of an alkali metal oxide, provided that the alkali metal oxide contains 10 to 20 mol % of Li2O and contains 0.1 to 3 mol % of Na2O and K2O in total, 0.1 to 4 mol % of TiO2 and 0.1 to 2 mol % of ZrO2, the total content of said components being at least 95 mol %, and further comprising 0 to less than 0.2 mol % of BaO, 0 to less than 0.1 mol % of P2O5, 0 to less than 0.3 mol % of B2O3 and 0 to leas than 0.1 mol % of SnO2.