Abstract: A parting compound in the form of a monolithic component (3a, 3b) is used in accordance with the invention for the hot forming of encased metal parts (2). This component consists of powder particles strengthened by sintering. The parting compound material is brittle at ambient temperature and at the deforming temperature of the metal parts is plastically deformable or free flowing in a highly viscous manner.

Abstract: Disclosed is an elastic metallized film composed of an elastic film and a metallic coating substantially covering at least a portion of at least one side of the film. The elastic film may be formed from a thermoset elastic material, a thermoplastic elastic material or a naturally occurring polymeric elastic material. The film may also be microporous and/or micropertured. The elastic metallized film has a metallic coating with an thickness ranging from about 1 nanometer to about 5 microns and which remains on the film when the film is stretched at least about 25 percent. The elastic metallized film may be joined with other materials to form multi-layer materials. Also disclosed is a process of making an elastic metallized film.

Abstract: In a method of producing an integrated circuit assembly, an IC device is metallurgically bonded to a supporting substrate. The mounting of the IC device to the substrate also includes a polymeric underfill body adhesively bonding the IC device to the substrate. The polymeric underfill body is formed of a curable underfill composition comprising epoxy resin, anhydride curing agent for the epoxy resin, amine catalyst and a minor amount of an additional component selected from alkyl-substituted imidazole and phenyl-substituted imidazole. Such additional component may act as a catalyst, as used with an amine catalyst known catalyst for the polymerization reaction of the epoxy resin with the anhydride curing agent, may act as a co-catalyst. The polymeric underfill body has improved glass transition temperature values and improved coefficient of thermal expansion values to provide good thermal stress cycling life for the integrated circuit assembly.

Abstract: An explosion-proof porcelain housing for use in a gas-filled insulating apparatus, comprising a porcelain housing body, and a first and second films. The first film is made of a first insulating material having low hardness and high elasticity, and is bonded to an inner surface of the porcelain housing body. The second film is made of a second insulating material having high hardness and high mechanical strength, and is bonded to an inner surface of the first film. A process for producing such an explosion-proof porcelain housing is also disclosed.

Abstract: A pellicle structure comprises a frame having a vertical through opening and a pellicle film spread on the upper the upper end of the opening of the frame. The pellicle film has a coating layer comprising a coating agent formed at least on the inner surface thereof, and a bonding portion for bonding the end edge of the frame to the peripheral edge of the pellicle film through an adhesive layer. The coating agent, in the bonding portion, is dissolved or dispersed in the adhesive so that the pellicle substrate is directly contacted by and bonded to the adhesive.

Abstract: A hot stamp material is provided which includes a base; an inner release layer; an intermediate layer composed at least one gold and silver coating and an outer adhesive layer composed of edible material, wherein the inner release layer together with the intermediate layer and the outer layer are laminated on the base. According to a feature of the present invention, the hot stamp material can further include an additional color layer. The color layer may interposed between the inner release layer and the intermediate layer or between the intermediate layer and the outer adhesive layer or on both sides of the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive adhesive tape that employs a water-dispersible polymer is provided. The adhesive can comprise microparticles and a water-dispersible component; or microparticles and a novel water-dispersible polymer that contains a plurality of poly(alkoxyalkyl)acrylate units as a major component. The tape may be used with labels for containers, sterilization indicator tapes and labels, surgical wrappers, mammalian body coverings, and in the preparation of paper web splices. The tape may be repulpable and/or laundearable.

Abstract: An improved inner sealing material, which is fitted in a cap of a container has basically a membrane layer having at least a metal layer and a reseal layer having at least an elastic sheet layer, with said membrane and reseal layers being superposed in such a way that one can be separated from the other. The topmost part of the membrane layer is formed of a release layer that is made of a mixture of an acrylic resin and a chlorinated vinyl acetate base resin and which is overlaid with an adhesive layer made of a chlorinated polypropylene base resin whereas the bottommost part of the reseal layer has a polypropylene base resin layer. The inner sealing material can be subjected to high-frequency sealing without losing the inherent capability of assuring smooth separation between the membrane and reseal layers.

Abstract: Coating compositions based on waxes, wax-like compounds, drying oils or alkyd resins are improved in their running behavior by the addition of additives which gel at elevated temperature. Other positive properties of the coating compositions, such as for example wetting, penetration (creepage), sprayability, are not adversely affected.

Abstract: A peelable and heat sealable lidstock material comprises a metal or polymer substrate laminated with a film comprising a mixture of a butene-1 and ethylene copolymer, an ethylene homopolymer or copolymer, an inorganic filler and optionally, a propylene homopolymer or copolymer. The filler makes up at least about 18 wt. % of the mixture and is preferably talc having an average particle size of about 1-2 microns and a carboxylic acid surface coating.

Abstract: A heater assembly and a method for securing and removing an object, such as a ceramic package to and from a surface, such as the surface of circuit module or printed wiring board, for example. The heater assembly includes a heater element such as a foil (film or wire) element, embedded or sandwiched between two layers of adhesive, such as thermoplastic adhesive. The layers of adhesive may contain a dielectric filler material with relatively high thermal conductivity to enhance heat transfer capabilities through the heater assembly. Two heater electrodes protrude from the heater assembly and are not encapsulated by the layers of adhesive and are accessible so that voltage may be applied to the heater element. During use, the heater assembly is disposed between the base of the object and the surface to which it is to be secured. A predetermined low voltage is applied to exposed heater electrodes to activate the heater element, whereupon heat generated by the heater element softens the layers of adhesive.

Abstract: A method of vibrationally damping article, comprising applying to the article a vibration damper comprising a radiation curable vibration damping material which comprises (a) from about 5 parts to about 95 parts by weight acrylic monomer and (b) correspondingly, from about 95 parts to about 5 parts by weight of a silicone adhesive, wherein the sum of (a) plus (b) equal 100 parts by weight, whereby the vibration damper vibrationally damps the article.

Abstract: This invention relates to a foil having an adhesion promoting layer overlying at least one side of said foil. The adhesion promoting layer is suitable for enhancing adhesion between the foil and another substrate. The adhesion promoting layer is derived from a composition comprising silanes (A) and (B).Silane (A) is at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein G.sup.1, G.sup.2, G.sup.3, G.sup.4, G.sup.5 and G.sup.6 are independently halogen, hydrocarbyloxy, or hydroxy groups; R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbon group or nitrogen-containing hydrocarbon group; and n is zero or 1.Silane (B) is at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.2 is an organofunctional group, said organofunctional group being reactive with or having an affinity for said another substrate; and G.sup.7, G.sup.8 and G.sup.9 are independently halogen, hydrocarbyloxy, or hydroxy groups.

Abstract: Pressure sensitive adhesives and heat activatable adhesives that are the reaction product of an acrylic acid ester of a monohydric alcohol whose homopolymer has a T.sub.g less than 0.degree. C.; a non-polar ethylenically unsaturated monomer whose homopolymer has a solubility parameter of no greater than 10.50 and a T.sub.g greater than 15.degree. C.; 0-5 parts by weight of a polar ethylenically unsaturated monomer whose homopolymer has a solubility parameter of greater than 10.50 and a T.sub.g greater than 15.degree. C.; and an electrically conductive agent.

Abstract: A semiconductor protection tube is a ceramic tube with a layer of silicon carbide covering at least a portion of the tube adjacent an open front end of the tube and extending forward of the open end to form a hollow, closed-end tip. The protection tube is formed by providing the ceramic tube, inserting a mandrel through the tube to extend forward of the front end, and depositing silicon carbide by chemical vapor deposition over at least a front portion of the ceramic tube and over the forward-extending portion of the mandrel. Subsequent removal of the mandrel completes the production of the protection tube.

Abstract: This invention provide an adhesive tape by which adhesion to a metal spreader is not required and a cutting process is not necessary. The adhesive tape comprises an adhesive layer provided on at least one surface of metal sheet, said adhesive layer being semi-cured into a B-stage and comprised of: (a) a piperazinylethylaminocarbonyl-containing butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein, k, m, and n are molar ratios and taking n as l, k is a number of 3-175, and m is a number of 0.3 to 93; and (b) a compound having at least two maleimide groups, the ratio of component (b) based on 100 parts by weight of component (a) being in a range of 10 to 900 parts by weight, and said adhesive layer being composed of at least two semi-cured layers having each a different status of semi-cure.

Abstract: A strippable pressure-sensitive adhesive and an adhesive material using the same are disclosed, adhesive comprising a highly elastic base polymer whose dynamic modulus of elasticity is in the range of from 250,000 to 10,000,000 dyne/cm.sup.2 at a temperature between ambient temperature and 150.degree. C. with a small rate of change with temperature, having incorporated therein a blowing agent, which adhesive reduces or loses its adhesiveness on expansion or blowing of blowing agent. The adhesive and adhesive material are easily re-applied, is capable of satisfactorily following the shape of an adherent during forming of the adherent, reduces its adhesiveness on heating, and is applicable to various adherents with excellent workability.

Abstract: An electrically conductive adhesive is described that is made of a porous substrate having numerous passages extending through it. The walls of the substrate defining the passages are plated with a conductive metal. This provides a continuous plating from one side of the porous substrate to the other. The remaining passage volume is substantially filled with an adhesive resin. The adhesive can be used to electrically connect two metal surfaces.

Abstract: A stabilized heat curable adhesive prepared from a formulation comprised of (1) at least one free radically polymerizable monomer; (2) at least one epoxy function monomer; (3) at least one free radical polymerization photoinitiator; (4) a thermally-initiated cationic catalyst system comprising (a) at least one salt of an organometallic cation, (b) at least one stabilizing additive; (5) optionally, at least one alcohol-containing material; and (6) optionally, adjuvants.

Abstract: Unreinforced or reinforced concrete moldings, for example concrete pipes, with improved corrosion resistance to acids and acidic sewage, improved permeation resistance to inorganic and organic liquids and gases and improved mechanical stability, produced by molding with machines, for example in press molding machines or extrusion machines or concrete pipe pressing machines, and allowing to harden plastic-viscous concrete mixtures of hydraulic inorganic binders, preferably cement, aggregates and water, where, in the preparation of the plastic-viscous concrete mixtures, to the latter has been added in a positive mixer an effective amount of an aqueous plastics dispersion based on anionic and hydrolysis-resistant copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, the minimum film forming temperature (MFT) of which is above the setting temperature of the concrete mixture, preferably above 23.degree. C.

Abstract: An inner liner for a tubular casing, with the casing having a support means for coaxially supporting the liner within the casing. The liner has an axis and is made of material having a different coefficient of linear expansion than the casing, and comprises at least one tubular section having an outer surface which defines at least one conical support section for resting against the support means at contact points with the support means. The contact points are located on generatrices of a conceived cone or pyramid, with the generatrices radiating from a fixed point on the axis of the liner coinciding with the tip of the cone or pyramid.

Abstract: A pressure-sensitive structural adhesive is formed by applying a thin layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive to one or both sides of a core layer of partially cured structural adhesive. The pressure-sensitive adhesive provides a tacky surface allowing a temporary bond at room temperature. Upon curing of the construction, the bond properties change to that of a structural adhesive, providing a strong permanent bond. Upon cure, the skin layer or layers of pressure-sensitive adhesive are absorbed into the layer of structural adhesive.

Abstract: The occurrence of burrs and chips in punching an insulating film is suppressed by adjusting an edge tearing resistance of the insulating film. The edge tearing resistance is preferably 50 to 70 kgf/20 mm for the purpose of suppressing the burrs and the chips.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hollow reinforcing element for casting into composites, which in use defines passageways that may communicate to the exterior of the composite and that can serve as conduit arrays in structures formed from the composite. Benefits include superior strength to weight ratios, reduced thermal stresses, suppression of crack propagation, and improved corrosion protection. The hollow reinforcing elements may also be used to provide antennae, drain systems, leveling devices, containment structures and pneumatic levitation of vehicles.

Abstract: A rubber article has a rubber base body and a non-black areal member attached to the surface of the rubber base body. The rubber base body is made of a rubber compound containing at least one a basic, amino-group containing, aromatic anti-oxidant. The non-black areal member contains inorganic acidic components.

Abstract: Multilayer rigid flex printed circuits are fabricated from a novel basestock composite comprising two copper conducting sheets, bonded to insulator layers comprised of fiberglass sheets impregnated with an adhesive such as epoxy, wherein the insulator layers are both affixed to Kapton layers wherein said Kapton layers are not coextensive with the borders of the insulator layers. The basestock composite can then be imaged and etched on the conductor layers to form conductor patterns, laminated or coated with a coverlay of dielectric material, and the basestock can be cut at a point internal to its borders and into the Kapton layers thereby separating two imaged and etched conductor layers.

Abstract: To inhibit, or at least sharply attenuate, fluorescence of a quartz-glass velope (10) surrounding a light source (11), such as a halogen incandescent lamp, a high-pressure discharge lamp, or the like, when the quartz glass is subjected to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the light source, and has been doped with a UV radiation absorbing material, typically a cerium, or cerium-titanium doping, the quartz-glass envelope is additionally doped with praseodymium or a praseodymium compound, such as praseodymium oxide or praseodymium aluminate. The pure praseodymium in the doping is, preferably, present in quantities of between about 0.008 and 1.25%, by weight, with reference to the undoped quartz glass. Barium metaborate can also be used, preferably together with praseodymium to attenuate the fluorescence.

Abstract: A functionally gradient material for a membrane reactor for converting methane gas into value-added-products includes an outer tube of perovskite, which contacts air; an inner tube which contacts methane gas, of zirconium oxide, and a bonding layer between the perovskite and zirconium oxide layers. The bonding layer has one or more layers of a mixture of perovskite and zirconium oxide, with the layers transitioning from an excess of perovskite to an excess of zirconium oxide. The transition layers match thermal expansion coefficients and other physical properties between the two different materials.

Abstract: An embedded core laminate including a conductive reference plane interposed between two insulation layers, and further interposed between two conductive layers. The assembly is laminated using standard temperature and pressure laminating procedures. Holes for interconnect vias are preferably drilled into the reference plane before laminating. The resulting embedded core laminate has three conductive layers with relatively uniform separation, insuring improved impedance control on each PCB (printed circuit board). Since uniform separation is maintained from one PCB to another, multiple PCBs connected together using embedded core laminates according to the present invention allows minimum cross-talk and characteristic impedance variations from one PCB to the next.

Abstract: A preform useful in forming fiber reinforced cementitious composites is disclosed. The preform consists of a free-standing network of metal fibers. In one embodiment, the preform has a shape which bounds a substantial non-interstitial volume devoid of fibers such as a ladle lip ring or an I-beam. The amount of fibers in the preform ranges from about 1 to 10 percent by volume.

Abstract: The present invention resides in a white thermal control surface resistant to darkening due to exposure to X-rays and ultraviolet radiation. The surface comprises a substrate and a ceramic zirconium orthosilicate coating on said substrate. The zirconium orthosilicate coating is obtained by plasma-spray applying particles of zirconium orthosilicate onto the substrate. The particles of zirconium orthosilicate are doped with an oxide of a +3 valent metal. The metal ions of said +3 valent metal oxide are dispersed substantially uniformly throughout said particles.

Abstract: A facing for wall board such as sheet rock, adapted to reinforce the board as well as to enhance its thermal barrier and acoustic characteristics. The facing is a laminate sheeting formed by a paper ply cold-laminated to a synthetic plastic oriented film ply, the opposing surfaces of the film ply being corona-discharge treated to render them receptive to adhesives. The exposed surface of the film ply is coated with a water moistenable adhesive, so that when this coating is moistened, the facing may then be adhered to the wall board to reinforce the board and to impart sound absorbing and decorative properties thereto. The film ply or the paperply in the facing is metalized to reflect infrared rays and thereby reduce the transfer of thermal energy through the board.

Abstract: Substrates for printed circuit boards and the like, in the form of a substrate base layer and at least one adherent layer fixedly attached thereto. The adherent layer preferably comprises a thermoplastic material having a glass transition temperature in the range of about 180.degree. and about 245.degree. C., or a thermosetting material capable of B-stage curing. The preparation of the novel substrates and printed circuits using the substrates and conductive traces formed with electrically-conductive ink compositions is also described.

Abstract: An electric arc discharge lamp has an arc discharge light source which emits both visible light radiation and UV radiation enclosed within a borosilicate, outer glass envelope. The envelope has a transmission of greater than 90% at a wavelength of 425 nm and a transmission of not more than 40% of UV radiation at 320 nm; 8% of UV radiation at 300 nm; and 0.5% of UV radiation at 290 nm. The borosilicate glass comprises, in weight percent: from about 3.89% Na.sub.2 O; about 1.5% K.sub.2 O; from 0.0% to about 0.15% Li.sub.2 O; about 17% B.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; about 1.4% Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; about 0.6% CaO; about 0.35% MgO; about 0.13% Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 ; and the balance SiO.sub.2.

Abstract: These transparent members, capable of withstanding mechanical stresses, comprise at least one glass member (A1) of stem, reed, tube, strip or sheet type and/or glass members (A2) of bead, particle or fragment type, transparent fibers (B) and a cured transparent resin (C) in which the fibers (B) and the members (A2) are embedded; the fibers (B) and the resin (C) with which they are coated being bonded to the members (A1), the resin (C) being chosen so as to exhibit, in the cured state, a refractive index which does not differ, at a wavelength of 510-520 nm, by more than 0.001 from that of the fibers (B) and from that of the members (A1) and (A2), it being nevertheless possible for the difference in index between the resin (C) and the members (A1) of strip or sheet type to range up to 0.01 when these members are large in dimension in relation to the overall structural member.

Abstract: The present invention is a plastic container coated with a multi-layer barrier coating. The multi-layer barrier coating is useful for providing an effective barrier against gas permeability in containers and for extending shelf-life of containers, especially plastic evacuated blood collection devices.

Abstract: An anti-vandalism layer, especially for application in vehicle seats, vehicle roofs, vehicle tarpaulins, tents, inflatable structures, wall facing, and similar objects having an incisible exterior layer and subject to vandalism, includes of a knit fabric having at least in part cut-resistant fibers such as aromatic polyamide fibers, gel-spun polyethylene fibers, or glass fibers is disclosed. In at least one thread system, the knit fabric contains a wire present in a thread system projecting from the surface of the knit fabric such that during subsequent gluing of the anti-vandalism layer to, for example, a textile flat structure, gluing tends to occur on this thread system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a copper-clad laminate characterized in that an electrolytic copper foil on the glossy (shiny) surface side of which a copper electrodeposit is formed, is bonded at its glossy surface side to one side or each of both sides of a substrate, which has a fine-pitch wiring (circuit) pattern and exhibits a high etching factor. The present invention further provides a copper-clad laminate which can be suitably employed in the production of such a printed wiring board.

Abstract: Sealable liquid-tight containers and methods for economically manufacturing such containers for storing and dispensing substances and any other purposes for which conventional sealable liquid-tight containers are utilized. The containers are readily and economically formed from mixtures of hydraulically settable binders such as hydraulic cement, gypsum and clay with water. Appropriate additives can also be added to the mixture which impart desired characteristics and properties to both the mixture and the hardened containers. The mixtures can be utilized to form containers by various methods. One method involves forming the containers without substantial mixing of the mixture, compacting the mixture and hydrating the mixture. Other methods involve molding the mixture, extruding the mixture and forming sheets from the mixture to be converted into containers. The components may also be dried, coated, lined, laminated and/or receive printing.

Abstract: Substrates for printed circuit boards and the like, in the form of a substrate base layer and at least one adherent layer fixedly attached thereto. The adherent layer preferably comprises a thermoplastic material having a glass transition temperature in the range of about 180.degree. and about 245.degree. C., or a thermosetting material capable of B-stage curing. The preparation of the novel substrates and printed circuits using the substrates and conductive traces formed with electrically-conductive ink compositions is also described.

Abstract: An adhesive tape for TAB having an organic insulating film, an adhesive layer formed on the organic insulating film and a protection layer formed on the adhesive layer, the adhesive layer being any one of a layer containing a polyamide resin having an amine value of at least 3 and an epoxy resin, a layer containing a polyamide resin and a powdery inorganic filler, a layer containing an epoxy resin having a siloxane structure in its main chain, and a layer containing at least one maleimide compound.

Abstract: Solar energy absorptive coatings that comprise single cermet layers with a homogeneous metal volume fraction exhibit an absorptance of about 0.8, which is not high enough for practical solar applications. To achieve absorptance greater than 0.9, graded composite films have been developed, but they give rise to higher thermal emittance due to the absorption edge not being sharp enough. This leads to increased thermal emittance at high operating temperatures, in the range of 300.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. There is now disclosed a novel solar selective surface coating which is composed of two cermet layers, with different metal volume fractions in each layer. The two cermet layers have different thicknesses, and the layers have thicknesses and volume fractions such that solar radiation is absorbed by internal absorbing and phase cancellation interference, but the cermet layers are substantially transparent in the thermal infrared region.

Abstract: This invention provides a shaped ceramic composite article comprising ceramic oxide fiber(s), a first coating comprising a carbonaceous matrix which includes boron nitride particles in contact therewith, and a second coating comprising silicon carbide. The inventive composite article is useful in applications requiring good heat resistance and mechanical properties, such as gas fired radiant burner tubes, gas burner nozzle liners, heat exchangers, thermowells, core busters or flame dispersers, and other gas fired furnace components.

Abstract: A double walled insulating jacket having a vacuum zone and a getter composition within the zone. The getter composition is barium oxide and a second oxide of palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium, and/or silver and mixtures thereof. A process for producing this composition is disclosed.

Abstract: A sealing member for a container has a membrane, e.g., aluminum foil, and a first sheet, e.g. polyester, part of which is bonded to the membrane. The other part of the sheet is free, so as to form a tab having one of a number of possible profiles, to enable the sealing member to be detached as a single unit. At least part of the periphery of the tab is within the periphery of the membrane, to facilitate grasping of the tab. The first sheet and the membrane or foil may have a common periphery where they are bonded together.

Abstract: Containers incorporating a hydraulically settable structural matrix including a hydraulically settable binder such as cement for use in the storing, dispensing, and/or packaging of food and beverage products are disclosed. The disposable and nondisposable food and beverage articles of manufacture have high tensile, compressive, and flexural strengths, and are lightweight, insulative (if desired), inexpensive, and more environmentally compatible than those currently used. These disposable containers and cups are particularly useful for dispensing hot and cold food and beverages in the fast food restaurant environment. The structural matrix of the food and beverage containers includes a hydraulic cement paste (formed from the reaction of water with, e.g., a portland-type cement) preferably in combination with a rheology-modifying plasticizer, such as methylhydroxyethylcellulose, various aggregate materials, and fibrous materials, which provide desired properties at a cost which is economical.

Abstract: Titanium diboride (TiB.sub.2) is used as a thermally conductive, filler in thermally conductive materials. The TiB.sub.2 provides improved thermal conductivity in comparison to conventional thermally conductive, electrically insulative or thermally conductive electrically conductive fillers especially at low application pressures. The materials into which the TiB.sub.2 filler is incorporated includes elastomers, films and tapes.

Abstract: In its broadest aspects, the present invention is directed to a method for improving the abrasion resistance of the annular interior surface of an annulus. Such method comprises the steps of (a) placing said annulus heated to an elevated CVD diamond-forming temperature in a vacuum chamber held under reduced pressure; (b) providing a hydrocarbon/hydrogen gaseous mixture within said chamber; (c) at least partially decomposing said gaseous mixture in said chamber; and (d) directing said at least partially decomposed gaseous mixture into said heated annular interior for diamond deposition/growth to occur on said annular interior surface. As noted above, spray nozzles, valves, injectors, wire drawing dies, and like annular products are ideally suited for use in accordance with the precepts of the present invention.

Abstract: A low profile ionizing surface (LPIS) for use as a static eliminator or charging means in an apparatus within which insulative material is contacted by apparatus surfaces. The LPIS includes a low profile fibrous network of randomly disposed, electrically conductive, 0.5-50 .mu.m by 1/8"-3" microfibers in electrically conductive contact with one another across the network, providing microfiber ionizing points across the network surface. The thickness of the network is significantly less than the average length of the microfibers. An adhesive layer fixes the network to a surface of the machine. Thus, when the network is grounded or electrically charged, static charge is removed from the material as it passes across or near the exposed surface of the network. The LPIS may be in the form of a peel-and-stick sheet or tape, or a kit may be provided to install the LPIS in an apparatus.

Abstract: In a ceramic part having at least one small hole or both a hollow portion and small hole(s) which extends from the hollow portion to an outside, an edge portion of the small hole(s) is beveled. In a ceramic part having at least one small hole for a cooling mechanism through which a cooling medium is circulated, the surface roughness of an inner surface of the small hole is R.sub.max 7 .mu.m or below. Such a ceramic part having at least one small hole has no chipping or edge around the small hole(s) which can cause breakage at high temperatures and under high pressures, and is thus stronger than a conventional ceramic part. Such a ceramic part is suitable for use at a high temperature, for example, at 1000.degree. C. or above, and is particularly suitable as a gas turbine member, such as a turbine blade or a turbine nozzle of a gas turbine.