Abstract: The present invention relates to a film structure and a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, the film structure may include a barrier material made from EVOH, nylon or other thermally sensitive barrier material encapsulated by a first adhesive material. The barrier material and the first adhesive material form a barrier layer and a first set of adhesive layers when coextruded. The barrier layer and the first set of adhesive layers may be coextruded at the same or a similar temperature to form a first extrudate. The extrudate may be encapsulated by or otherwise coextruded with a second adhesive material to form a second extrudate at a higher temperature than the first extrudate that then may be formed into a flat sheet via a die. The first set of adhesive layers protects the barrier layer from high temperatures and long residence times related to the coextrusion/lamination process that may degrade the barrier layer.

Abstract: A longitudinally stretched multilayered film having good barrier properties is described. The film is prepared by a process comprising (a) preparing by coextrusion a laminate structured of, in sequence, a first polyamide layer, an EVOH layer, and a second polyamide layer, and (b) longitudinally stretching the laminate and (c) applying by vacuum vapor deposition to one of the surfaces of the stretched laminate an inorganic layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides coextruded or laminated multilayer films having at least one layer of a halopolymer such as poly(chlorotrifluoro ethylene) (PCTFE), at least one layer of a naphthalene containing polymer such as poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN), and an intermediate adhesive layer. The invention further provides methods of producing oriented, multilayer films which comprise either coextruding or laminating at least one layer of a halopolymer to a surface of at least one layer of a naphthalene containing polymer by an intermediate adhesive layer. The multilayer film may be uniaxially or biaxially stretched, and an optional thermoplastic polymer layer may be attached to another surface of either the halopolymer layer, the naphthalene containing polymer layer, or both, by another intermediate adhesive layer.

Abstract: Thermoplastic multilayer composite, particularly in the form of a multilayer hose, a multilayer pipe or a multilayer container, containing at least one intermediate layer made of a molding compound on the basis of ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymers between layers made of molding compounds on the basis of polyamide, the intermediate layer being bonded via at least one adhesion-promoting layer made of a molding compound on the basis of polyamide selected from the group of copolyamide 6/12, block copolyamide 6/12, polyamide 612, polyamide 610, a mixture of polyamide 6 and polyamide 12 with compatibilizer, a mixture of polyamide 6 and polyamide 11 with compatibilizer, with at least one neighboring layer made of a molding compound on the basis of polyamide 12, polyamide 11, polyamide 1010, polyamide 1012, or polyamide 1212.

Abstract: A multilayer film suitable for cook-in end use includes an outer layer that includes a homo- or co-polymer of propylene and, directly adhered to the outer layer, a layer that includes at least one of: (a) an ethylene/alkyl acrylate copolymer having a high melting point, (b) propylene/&agr;-olefin copolymer having a lower propylene mer content than the outer layer and having a high Vicat softening point, and (c) an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer with at least 15% vinyl acetate mer content. The film exhibits good seal strength and good adhesion between the two layers, even in areas where the film is sealed, even after the film is oriented, even when the film is subjected to the elevated temperatures involved in cook-in procedures, and even where the film is subjected to, e.g., grease from fatty foods. The film also can include one or more other layers including, for example, bulk layers, O2-barrier layers, and/or abuse layers.

Abstract: An aromatic polyimide film of polyimide composed of a 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid component and a p-phenylenediamine component, which has a thickness of 35 to 55 &mgr;m and is employed for manufacturing a polyimide film/metal film laminate, preferably has a linear thermal expansion coefficient of 17×10−6 to 24×10−6 cm/cm/° C. (TD) in the temperature range of 50-200° C., and a modulus of tensile elasticity of 700 kgf/mm2 or more (TD), and has a surface having been subjected to discharge treatment.

Abstract: Films comprising a first layer, composition of said first layer comprising a blend of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; linear low density polyethylene; a second ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; and slip; a second layer, composition of said second layer comprising ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and wherein each first and second layer having two surfaces; a third layer, composition of said third layer comprising vinylidene chloride methyl acrylate and wherein said third layer is disposed between said first and second layer; a fourth layer, composition of said fourth layer being the same as said first layer wherein said fourth layer is adhered to said first layer on the surface opposite said third layer; and a fifth layer, composition of said fifth layer comprising a blend of linear low density polyethylene and low density polyethylene wherein said fifth layer is adhered to said second layer on the surface opposite said third layer are provided for.

Abstract: A sealed composite container is provided having a tubular body member and a liner ply adhered to the inner surface of the tubular body member. An end of the body member and liner ply is rolled outwardly to form a rim and a lid is heat sealed to the rim. A tacky composition is in contact with the rim and the lid and is positioned therebetween. The tacky composition has sufficient tackiness to temporarily hold the lid in place overlying the rim. At least one of the lid and liner ply comprises a seal layer comprising a heat sealable composition. The tacky composition and the heat sealable composition form a heat seal between the lid and the liner ply, the tacky composition being chemically compatible with the heat sealable composition such that a fusion seal is formed therebetween.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bag for packaging food products whose materials can be easily recycled. A bag for packaging food products is formed of a laminated film having a structure of polyester-type sealant layer with a low melting, point/barrier layer (vapor-deposited layer of ceramic or metal)/polyester-type heat resistant layer with a high melting point. The bag is formed by heat sealing the film such that the polyester-type low melting point sealant layer forms an inner side.

Abstract: A multilayerd, biaxially stretched tubular film having the following sequence of layers, |A|B|C|D|E|F|G|, is described. Inner layer A contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic (co)polyamide and partially aromatic (co)polyamide. Core layer E, consists essentially of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic (co)polyamide and partially aromatic (co)polyamide. Outer layer G contains at least one member selected from the group consisting of aliphatic (co)polyamide and partially aromatic (co)polyamide. Interlayer C is polyolefinic, has water vapor barrier properties, and is interposed between inner layer A and core layer E. Interlayer C is directly attached to layer A via coupling layer B and to layer E via coupling layer D. Coupling layers B and F each independently contain a modified polyolefin.

Abstract: A two-component laminated multilayer film suitable for use in packaging articles such as pet food comprises a first component and a non-heat-shrinkable second component. The first component comprise an outer first film layer, an optional second film layer, and an optional third film layer. The first and third film layers comprise ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer, while the second film layer is a modified ethylene copolymer. The second component comprises an outer fourth layer, an oxygen barrier fifth layer, sixth and seventh layers which serve as tie layers and are positioned on either side of the barrier layer. The multilayer film is heat sealable to itself and another film. The multilayer film has a total thickness of at least 2 mils, an impact strength of at least about 3 ft-lbs, an elongation at break of less than 300%, a tear propagation of at least 50 grams, a tensile modulus of at least 45,000 psi, total free shrink at 180° F. of from less than 50 percent.

Abstract: A multiple layer polymeric film having five layers and wherein an antiblock additive and an slip additive may optionally and independently be present in layers 1, 2, 4 and 5 and wherein said antiblock additive may be a blend of two or more antiblock additives and wherein both of said slip additive and said antiblock additives are present at about 0.1%-10%, based on the total weight of the layer.

Abstract: A fluorinated polypropylene container having a wall defining an interior and an exterior of the container, at least a portion of the wall having a plurality of layers including a first layer including polypropylene, and a second layer on the first layer, the second layer includes polyethylene and having a fluorinated surface facing an interior of the container.

Abstract: A multilayer plastic pipe comprising at least three layers, which in turn comprise at least two different polymers, which are a polymer A (barrier layer polymer), which is a particularly good barrier against permeation of the medium to be carried through the pipes embedded in a polymer B (sheathing polymer) in the form of at least one layer which is interrupted at least once by a fillet of polymer B.

Abstract: A structure comprising at least one layer of a polymer (A) comprising: the units (A1) and the units (A2) wherein the A2/(A1+A2) molar ratio is between 0 and 30% is a barrier against oxygen permeation under high relative humidity, making the structure useful for packaging and hollow bodies, such as pipes, bottles and containers.

Abstract: Coextruded layers of polyamide and fluoropolymer adhere to one another without an intervening tie layer by adhesive activation of polyamide of the polyamide layer, e.g. by incorporating into the polyamide layer a dispersed phase of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene/propylene/diene copolymer. The fluoropolymer is a copolymer of ethylene with perhalogenated comonomer or a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with perfluorinated comonomer.

Abstract: A preform for forming a hollow blow molded plastic container is provided with a closed base, a multilayer body-forming portion extending from the base, and an open neck portion that extends from the body portion. The body portion includes a co-extruded inner liner that includes (a) an innermost polymer layer, (b) at least one oxygen-scavenging layer, and (c) at least one high-oxygen barrier layer for retarding the migration of gases and moisture therethrough. An outermost layer is molded over the inner liner to form a preform. The liner and preform are formed so that the wall thickness of the individual layers can easily be varied along their lengths, however, at any given point along the length of the co-extruded liner (a) the wall thickness of the innermost polymer layer is less than 0.50 of the wall thickness of the inner liner and (b) the wall thickness of the inner liner is less than 0.25 of the total wall thickness of the preform body portion.

Abstract: Products in the form of cushioning devices made from flexible membranes employing at least one layer including thermoplastic urethane and at least one layer of a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl alcohol are inflatable to a relatively high pressure. The cushioning devices maintain the internal inflatant pressure for extended periods of time by employing a phenomenon referred to in the industry as diffusion pumping. Ideally, the cushioning devices of the present invention can be permanently inflated with gases such as nitrogen or air.

Abstract: A multilayered, coextruded tubular biaxially stretched casing, having oxygen and water vapor barrier properties plus reduced adhesion to contents, e.g., foodstuffs, contained within the casing, is disclosed. The tubular casing has five layers in the order of A|B|C|D|E. Outer layer A, contains as its principal component at least one polyamide. Layer B has oxygen barrier properties, and may be composed of a substantially hydrolyzed copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. The core layer C contains as its principal component at least one polyamide. Layer D contains a modified polyolefin. Inner layer E (i.e., the layer that is in contact with the contents of the tubular casing) is a water vapor barrier layer, that contains as its principal component at least one member selected from the group consisting of homopolyolefin and copolyolefin. The tubular casing is useful for encasing foodstuffs, such as pasty or liquid foodstuffs.

Abstract: A flexible film for packaging articles such as food is provided. The film comprises a layer of polyvinylidene (“PVdC”) homopolymer, polyvinylidene and methyl acrylate (“PVdC-MA”) copolymer or other polyvinylidene chloride copolymer. A dienophile such as, for example, ethyl trans-cinnamate, methyl trans-cinnamate, dibutyl maleate, dimethyl maleate or maleic anhydride is blended with the PVdC polymer or PVdC-MA copolymer to reduce yellowing of the film caused by degradation of the PVdC or PVdC-MA through heat or electron beam irradiation. Preferably a range of about 0.05% and about 5% by weight of the dienophile is added to the PVdC or PVdC-MA.

Abstract: The invention is a laminate structure made by coating at least one side of a substrate with a laminating adhesive, bringing a coated side of said substrate into contact with a second substrate to form a multi-layer film, and treating said multi-layer film with a free radical initiator, wherein said laminating adhesive is the reaction product of a multifunctional acrylate, an aminofunctional silane, and an ethylenically unsaturated acid, optionally dissolved in a solvent, wherein the multifunctional acrylate has a molecular weight of from 100 to 3000.

Abstract: A multi-layer plastic container having a thin interior layer of EVOH in contact with a dry food product contained therein. The dry food product acts as a desiccant, thereby protecting the EVOH layer from moisture. The use of the dry food product in such fashion eliminates the need for a buried layer configuration or a thick, partially sacrificial, layer of EVOH.

Abstract: A squeezable, multi-layer, structurally self-supporting container capable of dispensing a controlled amount of a liquid product. The container comprises an external layer of a polyolefin material, an internal layer formed of a polyolefin material, and an intermediate layer positioned between the external layer and the internal layer. The intermediate layer is formed of a barrier material blended with an adhesive resin and a carrier.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multilayered structure where an A layer made of an ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin (A) and a C layer made of a polypropylene resin (C) are laminated via a B layer made of an adhesive resin (B). The ethylene content of the ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer resin (A) is 20 to 60 mol %, and the saponification degree of the resin (A) is at least 90%. The melt flow rate (MFR) of the polypropylene resin (C) at 230° C. under a load of 2160 g is in the range from 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, and the stereoregularity index [M5] of the polypropylene resin (C) is at least 0.950. Such a multilayered structure has excellent gas barrier properties and moldability.

Abstract: A tray-type package is disclosed which includes a polyester support member, a product contained on the support member, and a lidding film containing the product and sealed to the periphery of the support member, the lidding film including a sealant layer of a polyester copolymer having greater than about 50% by mole of glycol polymerization units. Preferably, the support member is a foamed or nonfoamed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) tray and the lidding film is a multilayer film which includes a glycol-modified PET sealant layer. Also disclosed is a lidding film having a sealant layer of a blend of a glycol-modified PET and at least one further polymeric component.

Abstract: An oxygen-absorbing multi-layer laminate suitable for preserving food, etc. due to its excellent ability of retaining flavor and taste of food, a method of efficiently producing the oxygen-absorbing multi-layer laminate and a packaging container made of the oxygen-absorbing multi-layer laminate. The oxygen-absorbing agent is interspersed between a first thermoplastic resin layer and a second thermoplastic resin layer, or sandwiched between the integrally bonded first and second thermoplastic resin layers. In the oxygen-absorbing multi-layer laminate having at least three thermoplastic resin layers, the oxygen-absorbing agent is interspersed or interposed between the adjacent layers of at least one adjacent pair. With such a construction, the oxygen-absorbing ability is improved to prolong the storage life of retaining flavor and taste of food.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a film structure and a method of manufacturing the same. More specifically, the film structure may include a barrier material made from EVOH, nylon or other thermally sensitive barrier material encapsulated by a first adhesive material. The barrier material and the first adhesive material form a barrier layer and a first set of adhesive layers when coextruded. The barrier layer and the first set of adhesive layers may be coextruded at the same or a similar temperature to form a first extrudate. The extrudate may be encapsulated by or otherwise coextruded with a second adhesive material to form a second extrudate at a higher temperature than the first extrudate that then may be formed into a flat sheet via a die. The first set of adhesive layers protects the barrier layer from high temperatures and long residence times related to the coextrusion/lamination process that may degrade the barrier layer.

Abstract: There are provided an oxygen absorbable laminate comprising an internal layer, an oxygen absorbable layer and an external layer, in which at least one surface of the oxygen absorbable laminate is roughened and subjected to a water incorporation treatment; and a production method thereof. The oxygen absorbable laminate can effectively exert oxygen absorbability even when used for dried foods and the like.

Abstract: Oxygen barrier polymer compositions exhibiting high oxygen scavenging capability suitable for extended shelf-life, packaging applications. These polymer compositions comprise at least one ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, at least one oxidizable polydiene, and at least one metal salt catalyst. The polymer products are particularly suited to making barrier packaging articles such as monolayer or multi-layer films, sheets, tubes, pipes, thermoformed containers and coinjection/coextrusion blow molded bottles comprising PET, polyolefin or polycarbonate as structural layers. Such articles are useful in a variety of oxygen-sensitive food, beverage, pharmaceutical and health care product packaging applications.

Abstract: A fuel container formed by bonding upper and lower sections, for which both the upper and lower sections are made by thermo-forming a multi-layer sheet that comprises an interlayer of a barrier resin (A) and inner and outer layers of a polyolefin (B), and of which the surface of the innermost layer is coated with a layer of a barrier material (C).

Abstract: A powder of a barrier material (B) is, after having been melted, applied to a substrate of a polyolefin (A) according to flame spray coating process to give a shaped article, in which the barrier material (B) firmly adheres to the polyolefin (A) even when the surface of the substrate is not subjected to primer treatment. The shaped article is favorable to components to fuel containers, fuel tanks for automobiles, fuel pipes, etc.

Abstract: A collapsible metal tube, comprising: a metal body portion susceptible of plastic deformation, the body portion being sealed at one end; a shoulder portion and a mouth/neck portion connected to the other end of the body portion; and a resin film provided on the inside wall surface of the body portion, the resin film comprising a metal-adhesive thermoplastic resin layer formed by spray-coating the inside wall surface of the body portion with a dispersion of fine spherical particles consisting of a metal-adhesive thermoplastic resin and then heating to integrate the particles. The resin film formed on the inside of the collapsible metal tube is reliable because it is a dense resin film virtually devoid of pinholes, excellent in elongation at break, and free from cracking when folded or deformed, and is excellent in ability of protecting the metal body portion and the contents.

Abstract: There are provided multi-layered structures comprising at least one layer that is an ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer having a density of less than 0.916 g/cc and a melting peak temperature of greater than 118° C. The multi-layered structures comprise at least three layers. Also provided are articles of manufacture produced from the multi-layered structures such as films, containers, pouches, packages, tubing and the like.

Abstract: A polymeric film structure having one or more polymeric layers wherein an oxygen scavenging composition is affixed to the inside surface layer of the structure. The structure having usefulness in the packaging of foods and non-food articles wherein an oxygen free or a relative oxygen free environment is desirable for the contained article. The oxygen scavenging composition comprising a primer layer; a pigmented layer, an oxygen scavenger layer and an overcoat layer wherein each layer is applied one or more times to the polymeric film structure by a printing method preferably a flexographic printing process.

Abstract: A coated substrate and methods of making and using coated substrates, wherein the coated substrate comprises a coating consisting essentially of a layered mineral, a thermoplastic polymeric substrate having pendant groups receptive to said layered mineral, and wherein said pendant groups are coordinated metal groups, or are groups which can be bonded to coordinating cations or anions, or pendant groups directly receptive said layered mineral. The coated substrate is less permeable to gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The invention relates to a package comprising a flexible substrate having a silver halide formed image.

Abstract: Polyester resin foamed sheet, mono e biaxially stretched usable for the production of containers for beverages and foods, having a density lower than 700 kg/m3 and a crystallization rate such that, when the sheet is heated at 120° C. for 5 minutes, the crystallinity does not exceeds 15%. The aromatic polyester resin used for preparing the foamed sheet can be mixed with an aliphatic polyester resin to impart biodegradability and/or compostability to the sheet or with 1-10% by weight of a polyamide.

Abstract: Low precipitate polyamide tubing useful to transport fluids such as automotive fuel.

Abstract: Compositions having improved gas/vapor barrier qualities are described. The compositions are composed of a substantially non-polar resin and a lamellar filler, the lamellar filler delaminating under high shear, to increase its aspect ratio. Also described are compositions composed of a non-polar thermoplastic resin filled with platelets of talc having an aspect ratio of at least 5; the platelets have an average aspect ratio of between 16-30 and a CIE whiteness index of at least 40.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multiple layer thermoplastic structure of a (1) skin layer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, ethylene homopolymers having a density of from about 0.930 g/cc to about 0.960 g/cc, and ethylene homopolymers having a density of from about 0.930 g/cc to about 0.960 g/cc blended with an ethylene and a-olefin copolymers having a density less than about 0.930 g/cc, the skin layer having a thickness of greater than about 3.0 mils; (2) a radio frequency susceptible layer adhered to the skin layer, the radio frequency susceptible layer having a dielectric loss greater than 0.05 at 1-60 MHz and at temperatures of ambient to 250° C.

Abstract: A container, desirably blow molded or extrusion molded, said container having barrier properties and including an upper wall portion having an opening, an intermediate sidewall portion positioned beneath the upper wall portion, and a base portion positioned beneath the intermediate sidewall portion to support the container. The container includes a molded first layer having an inner surface and an outer surface formed from high density polyethylene, and a carbon coating formed on the inner surface of the first layer and adhered thereto and substantially coextensive with the first layer, wherein said carbon coating has a thickness of less than about 10 microns.

Abstract: Multilayer plastic containers for food and beverage packaging which incorporate oxygen scavenging resins which selectively oxidize upon activation without giving off odorous fragments.

Abstract: A composition comprising a poly(hydroxy aminoether) and an effective amount of a propoxylated or ethoxylated phenol, process for preparing the same and articles prepared from the composition.

Abstract: Packaging laminate for packages for liquid foods having excellent liquid and oxygen gas barrier properties in which all included layers are biodegradable. The packaging laminate includes at least one liquidtight layer (11, 13) of homo or copolymers of monomers selected from a group consisting of lactic acid, glycol acid, lactide, glycolide, hydroxy butyric acid, hydroxy valeric acid, hydroxy caproic acid, valerolactone, butyrolactone and caprolactone, as well as an oxygen gas barrier layer (12) of ethylene vinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, starch or starch derivatives. The oxygen gas barrier layer is preferably applied by a dispersion coating process. The layers may be laminated directly to one another or indirectly by means of interjacent adhesive layers. The packaging laminate may also include a core layer of, for example, paper or paperboard, or a biopolymer. The invention also realises a method of producing the biodegradable packaging laminate according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to squeezable containers for flowable products having improved barrier and/or mechanical properties and methods for making said sqeezable containers. These improvements are achieved by incorporating into the squeezable container a polymeric nanocomposite comprising a polymer and nanosize particles of a modified clay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hose construction containing a ternary blend. The hose comprises (a) an inner core comprising a ternary blend of (1) from 60 to 85 parts by weight of a low density polyethylene; (2) from 10 to 20 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and mixtures thereof; and (3) from 2 to 25 parts by weight of EPDM; (b) a layer of tensioned reinforcement; and (c) an elastomeric cover.

Abstract: A saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is characterized in that, in the relationship between the heating time and the extrusion rate as measured with a Koka flow tester at at least one temperature higher by 10-80° C. than the melting point thereof, it shows an extrusion rate at any time within the period of 15 minutes to 2 hours of heating which is 0.1-50 times the extrusion rate at 15 minutes of heating and an extrusion rate at any time within the period of 2-10 hours of heating which is less than 2 times the extrusion rate at 15 minutes of heating and that, in the relationship between the heating time and the torque at at least one temperature higher by 30-60° C. than the melting point, it shows, at any time within the range of 1-2 hours of heating, a toruque value within the range of ⅙ to ⅚ of the maximum torque value found within the initial 20 minutes of heating.

Abstract: Co-processable multi-layer laminates having a high Tg layer and at least one low Tg layer with layers having properties of high strength, lo- or no-haze, and transparency after processing into various multi-layer forms are useful for packaging and container applications. The multi-layer laminate has at least one low Tg layer of a first thermoplastic polyester having at least one crystallization rate inhibitor. The total amount of crystallization rate inhibitor is effective to prevent substantial haze in the low Tg layer upon heating. In most applications, the total amount of crystallization rate inhibitor also does not substantially inhibit strain-induced crystallization of the at least one low Tg layer when the laminate is stretched during processing. The multi-layer laminates of the invention have improved properties such as reduced shrinkage and/or high barrier properties, with a very small amount of high Tg material used to impart these improved properties to the laminate.

Abstract: The invention concerns composite polyester films with good barrier properties relative to gases. More precisely, it concerns a biaxially drawn film, based on polyester and having improved barrier properties relative to gases, characterised in that it comprises a base polyester film of 5 to 50 &mgr;m, coated on one of its two surfaces with a deposit containing polyvinyl alcohol and a water dispersible copolyester with sulphonyloxy units, said composite film having permeability to oxygen measured at 23° C. under 50% relative humidity, not more than 5 cm3/m2/24 h. Said composite films have, besides being transparent and having barrier properties, excellent resistance to mechanical stresses, such as in particular crumpling.

Abstract: The multilayer plastic container comprises a neck portion, a body portion, adjacent the neck portion, forming a cylindrical wall, and a bottom portion adjacent the body portion and opposite the neck portion. The cylindrical wall comprises a first layer of PET, a layer of EVOH adjacent the first layer of PET and a second layer of PET adjacent the layer of EVOH. The EVOH has an average thickness which is greater near the neck portion of the container than near the bottom portion of the container.