Abstract: Disclosed is a thermochromic microencapsulated pigment which comprises as four essential components (a) an electron-donating chromatic organic compound, (b) an electron-accepting compound, (c) a reaction medium determining the temperatures at which the color reactions of component (a) with component (b) take place, and (d) a color change temperature regulator, the color change temperature regulator (d) comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of esters, alcohols, ketones, acid amides, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids and having a melting point Y (° C.) satisfying the relationship (X+30)° C.≦Y≦200° C., wherein X (° C.) is the melting point of component (c), and the four essential components being microencapsulated.

Abstract: A composition including: a plurality of microcapsules each including one to five particles in a liquid droplet, and a complex coacervation induced shell encapsulating the liquid droplet and the one to five particles.

Abstract: Bioactive agent is encapsulated in a polymer microparticle in a (water-in-oil)-in-water emulsion-based method, and using a solvent that comprises ethyl acetate. Also described are microparticles comprising low inherent viscosity (i.v.) PLG, some with i.v. less than 0.5 dl/g, and methods for their preparation. DNA release is modified through use of low i.v. PLG. A particle production method for scale-up uses a blender that avoids excessive shear damage to DNA being encapsulated.

Abstract: An electric machine made from kinetically sprayed permanent magnet material and a binder material form a composite admixture having microstructure of permanent magnet material embedded in the binder material. The admixture has a permanent magnetic moment. The magnets of the present invention may be integrally formed atop carriers to form electrical machines such as motors, generators, alternators, solenoids, and actuators. The manufacturing techniques used in this invention may produce highly defined articles that do not require additional shaping or attaching steps. Very high-purity permanent and soft magnetic materials, and conductors with low oxidation are produced.

Abstract: An encapsulation process including: (a) forming an emulsion composed of a continuous phase comprising a first liquid, a cationic material, and an anionic material, and a disperse phase composed of a plurality of droplets of a second liquid, wherein a number of the droplets includes therein one to five particles; and (b) inducing complex coacervation of the cationic material and the anionic material to form a shell around each of the droplets.

Abstract: An insufflation for the administration of a drug into a body cavity is described where the carrier for the drug is a finely divided powder selected from the group consisting of myoinositol, mannitol and cellobiose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for capsulating microbial, plant and animal cells or biological and chemical substances, using a nozzle to obtain small, especially spherical particles by vibrating an immobilisation mixture. According to said method, the immobilisation mixture, especially a laminar fluid jet taking the form of an immobilisation mixture, is divided into equal parts by superimposition of an external vibration. In a device especially well suited to carry out this method a metallic counter-element (18) which is mounted down-stream from the nozzle (16) at a distance (a) to, and on the outside of, the nozzle axis (A) is connected to a high-voltage source (30). The counter-element is to be embodied by a metal ring (18) through whose through hole (20) the nozzle axis (A) extends. The metal ring (18) is radially connected to an insulated support (22, 24).

Abstract: The invention relates to a textile material for a garment (10) which has microparticles bound in a binding agent in a demarcated area which will later face outwardly on the garment and can have, for example, the form of a registered trademark (12). The microparticles impart a changed appearance to the textile material in the demarcated area. The microparticles preferably contain fluorescent, phosphorescent, thermochromic or photochromic colorants. The purpose of the microparticles is to make imitation of the textile material more difficult.

Abstract: A coating composite is provided for a platform surface of an antenna array for, when applied to the platform, affording isolation of radiating and receiving antennas of the array. The coating composite includes a plurality of conductively coated elongate tubes dispersed in an insulating polymer matrix at a volume loading density approaching that at which the composite begins to conduct electrically over macroscopic distances, i.e., close to the percolation threshold. The tubes are preferably comprised of microtubules comprised of biologically-derived, high-aspect rod-shaped particles of microscopic dimensions having an electroless plated metal coating thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to spherical or approximately spherical ionomer particles, comprising an inner area and an outer area which contains silicon ions. The cations of said outer area comprise a) at least one element which can occupy lattice sites of the silicon in silicate compounds, producing a negative excess of charge and b) at least one element which is selected from the elements of the first and second main groups and those that can appear in a divalent form and which can compensate for the negative excess of charge. Suitable methods for producing the inventive particles are all those methods for producing spherical or approximately spherical particles from a suspension dispersion, emulsion or similar and separating them from the surrounding solvent. Aerosol methods and especially, spray drying of suitable solutions, gels, sols or dispersions/suspensions can also be used.

Abstract: A thermochromic acrylic synthetic fiber comprising an acrylonitrile polymer in which a thermochromic pigment composition with an average particle diameter of from 0.5 &mgr;m to 30 &mgr;m is dispersedly contained in an amount of from 0.5% by weight to 40% by weight based on the weight of the polymer, and being made into fibers; the pigment composition containing (a) an electron-donating color-developing organic compound, (b) an electron-accepting compound and (c) a reaction medium that determines the temperature at which the color-developing reaction of the both compounds takes place. Also disclosed are a processed article of the above thermochromic acrylic synthetic fiber, and a process for producing the thermochromic acrylic synthetic fiber.

Abstract: A particle resistant to storage of at least one first and at least one second component, wherein said second component of at least one crosslinkable polymer as a shell at least partially envelops and/or encloses said first component as a core and said first component has at least one ascertainable property, obtainable by reacting said first component with the crosslinkable polymer and subsequently reacting the formed product with a crosslinking agent such that the first component with resistance to storage remains within the second component.

Abstract: Processes for making microparticles, preferably containing an active agent, are provided. In a preferred embodiment, the process involves preparing (1) a dispersed phase containing an agent in a solution of polymer and a first solvent; (2) a continuous phase containing a surfactant, and a second solvent that is totally or partially immiscible with the first solvent; and (3) an extraction phase that is a nonsolvent for the polymer, a solvent for the continuous phase components, and a solvent for the first solvent, wherein the first solvent has solubility in the extraction phase of between about 0.1% and 25% by weight. Then, the dispersed phase and the continuous phase are mixed to form an emulsion, and the emulsion is then briefly mixed with a suitable quantity of extraction phase to induce skin formation at the interface of the dispersed and continuous phases. Remaining solvent is removed by an evaporation process step.

Abstract: A method of forming, by polymerization in an aqueous dispersion at pressures in excess of one atmosphere, a plurality of porous particles having at least one polymeric phase and, additionally, having a pore filling phase containing a fugitive substance is disclosed. Replacement of the fugitive substance with a gas is further disclosed. Gas-filled porous particles and their aqueous dispersions are also disclosed.

Abstract: Vesicles formed from synthetic polymers are used for encapsulation of compounds in order to protect the compounds from the chemical environment in which they are used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an adhesive transfer device for selectively making a repositionably adherable substrate from a selected substrate. The device comprises a base substrate, a layer of pressure-sensitive repositionable adhesive disposed on the base substrate, a layer of pressure-sensitive permanent adhesive disposed adjacent to the repositionable adhesive layer opposite the base substrate, and structure providing a release surface. The release surface is removably engaged with the permanent adhesive layer opposite the repositionable adhesive layer and the base substrate so as to cover the permanent adhesive layer.

Abstract: This invention relates to the field of liposomes. In particular, this invention provides novel liposomes that are pH-sensitive, yet are also stable in serum. The liposomes are complexed with a molecule comprising a thermally-sensitive polymer showing lower critical solution temperature behavior in aqueous solutions, said thermally-sensitive polymer bearing a hydrophobic substituent and a pH sensitive substituent, wherein said hydrophobic substituent is less than 10 kD and which pH sensitive substituent remains ionizable following said covalent bonding to said thermally-sensitive polymer, and whose pH sensitive does not depend on cleavage of the covalent bond to said thermally-sensitive polymer. The invention further relates to methods of conferring pH sensitivity upon liposomes by complexing the liposomes with such molecules.

Abstract: Microcapsules having a wall thickness of no more than 500 nm, and a bulk density of no more than 0.2 g.cm−3, are suitable for therapeutic or diagnostic use. They are aerodynamically light, and can be used for delivery to the lung, or diagnosis by ultrasound.

Abstract: Various materials, including generally non-compatible materials may be provided from a single delivery system by a unique encapsulation system. An encapsulation system is advantageously constructed as a core of aqueous liquid having at least 5% by weight water therein, and an encapsulant surrounding the core to form a stable encapsulated particle, the encapsulant comprising at least one layer of hydrophobic particles in contact with and surrounding the core, the core and hydrophobic particles providing an encapsulated system that has an average weight average particle diameter of from 0.05 to 25 micrometers and can support its own weight. The encapsulation system may be provided by a novel method of manufacture comprising providing a mass of hydrophobic particles having average mass diameter size of between 0.

Abstract: In order to form liposomes with a longer half-life in blood, use is made of defined with the general formula (A)

Abstract: Methods and compositions are described for nonliposomal lipid complexes in association with toxic hydrophobic drugs such as the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B. Lipid compositions are preferably a combination of the phospholipids dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) in about a 7:3 mole ratio. The lipid complexes contain a bioactive agent, and may be made by a number of procedures, at high drug:lipid ratios. These compositions of high drug:lipid complexes (HDLCs) may be administered to mammals such as humans for the treatment of infections, with substantially equivalent or greater efficacy and reduced drug toxicities as compared to the drugs in their free form. Also disclosed is a novel liposome-loading procedure, which may also be used in the formation of the HDLCs.

Abstract: A method of coating a liquid or solid particulate core involves dropping or suspending the particulate core in an atmosphere and then applying a liquid coating while the particulate core is dropped or suspended, the applying of the liquid coating being done by either (a) spraying the liquid coating onto the particulate core with an ink jet or (b) moving the particulate core through a fog of the liquid coating.

Abstract: Bioactive agent is encapsulated in a polymer microparticle in a (water-in-oil)-in-water emulsion-based method, and using a solvent that-comprises ethyl acetate. Also described are microparticles comprising low inherent viscosity (i.v.) PLG, some with i.v. less than 0.5 dl/g, and methods for their preparation. DNA release is modified through use of low i.v. PLG. A particle production method for scale-up uses a blender that avoids excessive shear damage to DNA being encapsulated.

Abstract: A particle resistant to storage of at least one first and at least one second component, wherein

Abstract: A liposomal vesicular preparation with good encapsulation efficiency for active ingredients, based on homogeneous unilamellar liposomal vesicular lipids, has a substantially tightly packed vesicular structure and forms carriers of active ingredients. At least 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the liposomal vesicular preparation of the active ingredient (drug substances, vaccines, diagnostics, vectors) are present in encapsulated form inside the homogeneous unilamellar liposomal vesicular lipids. The liposomal vesicular preparation is a semi-solid liposomal vesicular lipid gel. The membrane forming amphiphiles can be members of from the group consisting of lipids, phospholipids and synthetic amphiphiles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions for delivery of drugs intended to reside in the nose, compositions for nasal administration of drugs, e.g., antiviral agents, and particularly antiviral agents comprising the human major rhinovirus receptor, also known as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1); to methods of making said nasal drug compositions, and to an improved process for the removal of residual solvent from pharmaceutical matrices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to targeted polymerized liposomes for oral and/or mucosal delivery of vaccines, allergens and therapeutics. In particular, the present invention relates to polymerized liposomes which have been modified on their surface to contain a molecule or ligand which targets the polymerized liposome to a specific site or cell type. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of polymerized liposomes modified to contain a carbohydrate or lectin on their surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing articles utilizing a composite material having a high density of small particles such as microspheres in a matrix material is disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, at least first and second layers of flanking material are disposed in a generally non-parallel relationship with respect to each other and then are pulled through a die. While the flanking material layers are being pulled through the die, a composite material is injected into a space defined between the at least first and second layers of flanking material. The composite material and the at least first and second layers of flanking material are heated as they pass through the die to cure the composite material and bond the at least two flanking material layers to the composite material, thereby forming a cured article.

Abstract: A method is described for the formation of microcapsules which contain a liquid composition in the core, which is surrounded by a polymeric shell, membrane, or coating. The microcapsules are produced by simultaneously extruding the liquid core material along with a polymerizable liquid through concentrically-aligned nozzles to form spherically-layered biliquid droplets, followed by energy input in the form of heat or light which causes polymerization of the outer layer. The capsules formed by this method are capable of containing a variety of liquid materials having a composition ranging from completely aqueous to completely non-aqueous.

Abstract: A microencapsulated adhesive and a method for producing that microencapsulated adhesive is disclosed. The adhesive is produced from an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate monomer having about 4 to about 12 carbon atoms, or a mixture thereof. The monomer is encapsulated by interfacial polymerization, gelatin/gum arabic coacervation or melamine/formaldehyde encapsulation. The microcapsules may be polyamide or polyurea. The monomer is polymerized in the microcapsules by heating to form an adhesive that is non-tacky, but becomes tacky upon application of external forces, such as shearing. The microencapsulated adhesive composition may be used, among other applications, as an adhesive for stamps or envelopes.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element having a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode, is disclosed. The liquid crystal has liquid crystal droplets dispersed and held in either a polymer compound-containing continuous phase matrix or a three dimensional network of such a matrix. In one embodiment, the capacitance hysteresis, defined as Chys=(C2−C1)/Cmax, does not exceed 1.5%. C1 is the capacitance for an applied voltage that is in the process of rising a voltage-capacitance characteristic; C2 is the capacitance of an applied voltage in the process of dropping; and C2 is the capacitance of a maximum applied voltage. In another embodiment, the Chys value does not exceed 0.

Abstract: A polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display element is disclosed. The element has a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal sandwiched between a pair of substrates, each having an inside electrode. Liquid crystal droplets are dispersed either in a polymer matrix continuous phase or in a three-dimensional matrix-containing polymer. When no voltage is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystal molecules in the droplets present a bipolar-form orientation pattern having at least two poles in the vicinity of the interfaces between the liquid crystal droplets and the polymer. When a clear point transition temperature of the liquid crystal is Tni, the pattern of bipolar-form orientation is maintained at least when the element is operating at a temperature in the range of 5° C. to (Tni−5)° C.

Abstract: The invention provides a microencapsulated Lewis acid characterized in that a Lewis acid is supported through coordinate bonds on microcapsules formed of an organic polymer as a novel Lewis acid supported on a polymer in order to overcome the technical limit of conventional catalysts supported on polymers and in addition, to solve problems attendant upon the preparation of a reaction system and separation and recovery from reaction products about Lewis acid catalysts having great industrial usefulness.

Abstract: A recording material for back printing has a transparent substrate; an ink absorbing layer that is provided on the transparent substrate; and a porous ink transmitting layer that is provided on the ink absorbing layer and comprises a filler dispersed in a binder resin, where ink transmitting layer is crosslinked.

Abstract: The construction material comprises a construction base material and microcapsules inside of which liquid containing hinokitiol is incorporated and a plurality of which are to be mixed into the construction base material and the liquid in the microcapsules transudes into the construction base material because the microcapsules collapse due to at least change with time.

Abstract: A method of-treating a relatively aged animal to reverse age-related changes in the lipid composition of organ and tissue cells, such as heart muscle cells, and the ability of the animal to withstand respiratory stress. A suspension of small unilamellar vesicles composed predominantly of egg phosphatidyl choline is administered parenterally to the animal, preferably over a period of several days and at a dose level of between about 0.1 and 1 grams lipid per kg body weight per day. Changes in the heart muscle cells are reflected in decreased levels of serum creatine phosphokinase. Liposome administration is continued until the serum creatine phosphokinase level drops at least about 50%. Also disclosed are liposome treatment methods for increasing longevity and male fertility.

Abstract: A liposome or microsphere containing guaiac or other reagent is used in an immunoassay to detect an antigen or antibody. The guaiac or other reagent reacts with hemoglobin or other blood constituent to produce color indicating a positive result.

Abstract: The invention relates to biodegradable polycondensates, to the production of said polycondensates, and to their use for releasing specific substances. The polycondensates are derived from at least three components chosen from the following group: a) dianhydrohexites b) bivalent (polyvalent) organic carboxylic acids and c) polyvalent organic carboxylic acids which, in addition to two carboxylic acid functions, have at least one other, optionally capped, i.e., OH and/or COOH function.

Abstract: Microspheres having a particle size of 50 nm to 1 nm and a polydispersity of less than 40%, consisting of a chemically cross-linked starch shell containing an active ingredient, are obtained by preparing an oil-in-water emulsion of the active ingredient in a hydrophobic phase and starch or a dispersion of a solid active ingredient and starch in water, incorporating the oil-in-water emulsion or solid dispersion in an outer hydrophobic phase, particles of the oil-in-water emulsion or solid dispersion being formed in the outer hydrophobic phase, cross-linking the starch or derivative thereof and removing the outer hydrophobic phase if desired.

Abstract: The invention concerns powder compositions of stabilised unilamellar liposomes, comprising at least an external lipid phase and a internal aqueous polar nucleus gelled at room temperature, the method for preparing them and their applications as nutritional additives and in pharmaceutical compositions to be orally administered (with action against lipemia). Said compositions essentially consist of unilamellar liposomes comprising an external lipid phase consisting of class 4 lipids (phospholipids) and an internal aqueous nucleus consisting essentially of a mixture M of at least two different non-polymerisable gelling agents (G1 and G2) whereof the gel-sol phase transition point is not less than 37° C.

Abstract: In the procedure for the production of a formulation of parenterally administrable pharmaceutical preparations, a liposome dispersion is used as a carrier for a pharmaceutical active compound. For the preparation of the liposome dispersion, an aqueous predispersion of one or more amphiphilic substances is fed to a high-pressure homogenizer in which the predispersion is pumped under a pressure from 600 bar to 900 bar through a homogenizer nozzle (2) having a diameter of 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The homogenizer nozzle has an inlet channel (14, 16) and an outlet channel (15, 18) and consists of a hard ceramic plate (11), in which the bore (13) is present, pressed into a steel body (12, 19). The inlet channel (14, 16) and the outlet channel (15, 18) are likewise incorporated into the steel body (12, 19).

Abstract: Gelatin capsules containing oil field chemicals, preferably weighted with a heavy metal compound, are made more stable under certain conditions by the incorporation of a strong chelating agent. The microcapsules can provide an extended treatment period since many materials that would damage the microcapsules are controlled by the chelating agent.

Abstract: Provisions of a large screen, thin sheet-like display device capable of realizing usages just like paper, a sphere-like resin body made of two semispheres capable of being manufactured easily, and a microcapsule containing electrophoretic particles capable of being manufactured easily.

Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing improved biologically active micelle and crystalline products comprising a biologically active amphipathic compound in association with a micelle or crystalline product. Methods for producing the micelle or crystalline products as well as methods of using the micelle or crystalline products in therapeutic, diagnostic, and cosmetic, applications are also provided.

Abstract: A microcapsule composition comprising a core material in a matrix of polymorphic shell material, releases said core material in an aqueous environment in accordance with zero order linear release profile. A preferred composition comprises a core material having a degree of water solubility entrapped in a beta crystalline matrix of water insoluble shell material which matrix may, optionally, be surrounded by a contiguous core material-free layer of water insoluble shell material. Also disclosed is a process for the preparation of microcapsules comprising subjecting a flowable mixture of core material and a first amount of water insoluble shell material to a pressure force to form a pressure-treated mixture, and passing said pressure-treated mixture through a spray nozzle into a chilling zone to form a solidified composition.

Abstract: A stable aqueous dispersion which comprises a cationic lipid which is a molecule which comprises a cholesterol-derived lipophilic group, a linker bond which is hydrolyzable by cellular enzymes and relatively resistant to base-catalyzed hydrolysis, a spacer arm and a cationic amino group, and an appropriate co-lipid. The invention also includes the cationic lipids and mammalian plasmid DNA or other cells in admixture with the aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for treating atherosclerosis. The compositions comprise unilamellar liposomes having an average diameter of 100-150 nanometers. Methods for treating atherosclerosis employing the compositions of the present invention are also provided.

Abstract: A fluid preparation of petrolatum capable of being sprayed on to a surface. The preparation includes paucilamellar lipid vesicles containing the petrolatum. Preferably, petrolatum comprises about 20-30% or more of the total weight of the vesicles. Methods of protecting the skin of mammals using the fluid preparation of petrolatum are also discussed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing sol-gel microcapsules loaded with up to 95% (w/w) functional molecules or substances and to the products obtained by said process. Said process is conducted in two steps: (a) creating an oil-in-water emulsion by emulsification of a water insoluble solution comprising the sol-gel precursors and the molecules to be loaded, in an aqueous solution under appropriate shear forces; (b) mixing and stirring said emulsion with an aqueous solution at a suitably selected pH to obtain loaded sol-gel microcapsules in suspension. The microcapsules so obtained can further be subjected to cycles of isolation and rinsing. Incorporation of the final product, either in the form of a suspension or a powder, in cosmetic formulations affords a transparent cream when applying to skin and has a smooth and pleasant contact.

Abstract: The present invention provides an osmium oxide composition comprising an osmium oxide microencapsulated in an aromatic polyolefin (hereinafter abbreviated as MCOsOx), a method for preparation of MCOsOx, which comprises allowing an osmium oxide to contact with an aromatic polyolefin in an organic solvent, and precipitating MCOsOx, an oxidizing agent comprising MCOsOx, a method for preparing a chiral diol compound, which comprises reacting MCOsOx, a chiral ligand and an olefin compound with each other, and a method for preparing a chiral diol compound, which comprises oxidizing an olefin compound with MCOsOx wherein a chiral ligand further coordinates to an osmium oxide.