Particulate Matter (e.g., Sphere, Flake, Etc.) Patents (Class 428/402)
-
Patent number: 4269895Abstract: The invention provides foamed plastics particles having a star-like shape the three legs of which are on the same plane. The ratio of particle thickness to particle height is from 1:2.75 to 1:3.3, that of leg width to particle height is from 1:2.2 to 1:2.5, and the particle height is from 10 to 60 mm. The particles of the invention are suitable as free-flowing packing material having a good flow and simultaneously a good interlocking capacity.Type: GrantFiled: November 6, 1979Date of Patent: May 26, 1981Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Herbert Borchert, Walter Albert, Gunter Kohaut, Ulrich Schulte, Bruno Rapp
-
Patent number: 4269959Abstract: An improved imbibitive polymer is prepared by a method which comprises linearly polymerizing methyl acrylate with a free radical-yielding catalyst while the acrylate is suspended in an aqueous medium containing selected suspending agent and while cross-linking the acrylate to a low level with selected cross-linking agent in a concentration of about 0.02-3%, by weight of the acrylate. The aqueous medium is heated and agitated during the reaction to keep the acrylate in fine suspension so that polymethyl acrylate beads are formed which do not agglomerate and which are capable of imbibing liquids having solubility parameters of about 8.5-11.5 Hildebrands. The catalyst concentration is usually about 1%, by weight of the methyl acrylate, and benzoyl peroxide and azo-bis-isobutyronitrile are preferred as the catalyst. The cross-linking agent is preferably divinyl benzene, 1,6-hexane-diol acrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and mixtures thereof, and is preferably used in a concentration of about 0.11-0.Type: GrantFiled: October 22, 1979Date of Patent: May 26, 1981Assignee: Whittaker CorporationInventor: Emil A. Lawton
-
Patent number: 4268651Abstract: Vinyl chloride polymers are prepared by polymerization or copolymerization in mass, in two phases, comprising prepolymerizing vinyl chloride monomers in a first phase under highly turbulent agitation until a degree of conversion thereof between about 5 and 15% is attained, and thence, in a second distinct phase, polymerizing said prepolymerized reaction product through reaction completion under mild agitation, said process being characterized in that [1] there is added to the reaction medium, prior to same attaining a polymer content of about 15% by weight, an additive selected from the group comprising (a) a copolymer of vinyl acetate and an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer copolymerizable therewith, and (b) a condensate of ethylene oxide on a polypropylene glycol backbone, and in that [2] the reaction rate is controlled such that the period of time during which the content by weight of polymer or copolymer in the reaction medium is comprised between 15 and 25% is less than 45 minutes.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 1979Date of Patent: May 19, 1981Assignee: Rhone-Poulenc IndustriesInventors: Francois Erard, Salomon Soussan
-
Patent number: 4262788Abstract: A friction member is a clutch facing, a brake pad, or a brake lining which comprises a phenolic fiber, a plated organic fiber, and/or mixed fiber thereof, which may or may not comprise the other fibers such as nonorganic fibers, as based material of the aforementioned friction member, wherein various difficulties of asbestos are improved.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 1978Date of Patent: April 21, 1981Inventors: Yasunobu Yamamoto, Hiroshi Ban, Katumi Nakavishi, Ryoichi Tomikawa, Katumi Nakanishi, Ryoichi Tomikawa, Toshitake Kato
-
Patent number: 4259398Abstract: An electrical insulating material composed of a mica flake layer and a heat resistant base material layer is prepared by superposing the mica flake sheet containing at most 9% by weight of pulp-like particles of a heat resistant polymer based thereon on the heat resistant base material sheet, both of which sheets being dried, and heating them under pressure. The electrical insulating material has excellent in structural strength, varnish-impregnability, and is resist to pealing off of the mica flakes.Type: GrantFiled: July 23, 1979Date of Patent: March 31, 1981Assignee: Mitsubishi Paper Mills, Ltd.Inventors: Shunji Seino, Ryota Nishiyama, Masaoki Nozaki
-
Patent number: 4259389Abstract: A high pressure, low porosity wet seal for a substrate in a fuel cell in which the seal is made up of a granular material having a particle size varying from 10 to 0.1 microns in size bonded together with polytetrafluoroethylene to prevent leakage of the gaseous fuel or oxidant from the cell.Type: GrantFiled: December 22, 1978Date of Patent: March 31, 1981Assignee: United Technologies CorporationInventors: Raymond W. Vine, Stephen T. Narsavage
-
Patent number: 4258101Abstract: Articles of a thermoplastic having an improved level of electromagnetic shielding are molded from plastic pellets that have a core of metalized glass fibers that are arranged to partially disperse through the molded article as individual fibers and partially to remain in clumps of generally aligned closely contacting fibers. The clumps have approximately the length of an individual fiber but they are substantially wider than an individual fiber. Improved conductivity is attributed to increased electrical bridging between fibers that is provided by the width of the clumps of fibers.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1978Date of Patent: March 24, 1981Assignee: Internation Business Machines CorporationInventors: Edward G. Crosby, Frederick C. Hornbeck
-
Patent number: 4256801Abstract: Paper base friction material in the form of a porous, flexible interfelted fibrous sheet comprised of a mixture of 25 to 65 percent cellulose fibers, 5 to 20 percent carbon fibers, 5 to 20 percent flame-resistant organic fibers, fillers, and an oil resistant elastomeric sizing. The friction material also includes a synthetic resin binder which may be incorporated during preparation of the sheet or subsequently. In use, the paper base friction material is bonded to a supporting member, preferably metal, whereby it is useful as a friction element particularly in oil, such as in automotive automatic transmissions.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1979Date of Patent: March 17, 1981Assignee: Raybestos-Manhattan, IncorporatedInventor: Philip A. Chuluda
-
Patent number: 4255286Abstract: A process of preparing spherical microparticles having size of from 0.5 to 1000 .mu.m and designed as chromatographic column charge, catalyst vehicle and absorption filling, or the like, by polymerizing a monomeric or polymeric substance in a macromolecular dispersing medium, the polymer forming said medium being different from that arising in polymerization process.Type: GrantFiled: September 25, 1978Date of Patent: March 10, 1981Assignee: Urad Predsednictva Slovenskej AkademieInventors: Dusan Berek, Ivan Novak
-
Patent number: 4246380Abstract: A powdery polyurethane lacquer which comprises (a) a hydroxyl-group containing polyester resin with an OH number of 40-240 and (b) an .epsilon.-caprolactam-blocked polyisocyanate, selected from the group consisting of triisocyanatoisocyanurate of 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanate and mixtures of said triisocyanatoisocyanurate with monomeric or oligomeric 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexylisocyanate; wherein the .epsilon.-caprolactam-blocked triisocyanatoisocyanurate has at least two blocked isocyanate groups and wherein the .epsilon.-caprolactam-polyisocyanate is present in an amount sufficient to cause hardening of said mixture of (a) and (b). The lacquer is especially useful for electrostatic coating of substrates.Type: GrantFiled: July 31, 1978Date of Patent: January 20, 1981Assignee: Chemische Werke Huls AGInventors: Rainer Gras, Felix Schmitt, Elmar Wolf
-
Patent number: 4243717Abstract: Incorporating 500 to 5,000, preferably 2,000 to 4,000 parts per million of Fischer-Tropsch wax of high congealing point into beads of expandable polystyrene made by suspension polymerization yields greater advantages, and conditions (time, temperatures, and recipe) of the polymerization become less critical. The drying or conditioning step before the pre-expansion under particular conditions to generate a suitable cell structure need not be followed, and a step of coating with zinc stearate or the like before the pre-expansion may be omitted. Unexpanded beads are obtained which yield consistent cell structure, independent of conditions of their storage. Beads of higher pentane content can be used, and final articles of lower density may be obtained. The throughput of the pre-expander may be increased, and the beads, after pre-expansion, have good free-flowing (reduced clumping) and mold-filling characteristics.Type: GrantFiled: February 1, 1980Date of Patent: January 6, 1981Assignee: BASF Wyandotte CorporationInventor: Herbert M. Gahmig
-
Patent number: 4241137Abstract: A process for preparing a polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder which comprises subjecting a finely divided polytetrafluoroethylene to agitation in an aqueous medium consisting of water and organic liquid having a specific surface tension and being incompatible with water in an apparatus to form agglomerates, passing said agglomerates through a crushing mechanism and continuously recycling said crushed agglomerates for further agitation and crushing, said crushing mechanism being capable of lowering an average particle size of the agglomerates composed of primary particles having a particle size of 1 to 200.mu. by partially crushing agglomerated particles having an improper large particle size or abnormally large aggregates. The obtained polytetrafluoroethylene granular powder has a narrow size distribution and an improved flowability, in which at least 90% by weight of a whole granular powder has a particle size of at most 1000.mu.Type: GrantFiled: November 22, 1977Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Assignee: Daikin Kogyo Co., Ltd.Inventors: Masanori Izumo, Syunichi Nomura, Singo Tanigawa
-
Patent number: 4240998Abstract: A process is disclosed herein for the production of a composite foamed material which comprises premixing expandable polystyrene beads and a binder and adding the premix to fragments of resilient, open-celled material. The materials are combined in the proportions of about 4-15% polystyrene beads, about 6-25% binder and about 60-90% open-celled material. The combined materials are compressed to a density of about 5-30 lbs per cubic foot, preferably 5-17 lbs per cubic foot, and steam is applied to the compressed materials to cure the binder and expand the polystyrene beads, producing the desired composite foamed material.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 1979Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Inventors: Seymour Lichter, Frank P. Nold
-
Patent number: 4241190Abstract: A process is disclosed herein for the production of a composite foamed material which comprises premixing expandable polystyrene beads and a binder and adding the premix to fragments of resilient, open-celled material. The materials are combined in the proportions of about 4-15% polystyrene beads, about 6-25% binder and about 60-90% open-celled material. The combined materials are compressed to a density of about 5-30 lbs per cubic foot preferably 5-17 lbs per cubic foot, and steam is applied to the compressed materials to cure the binder and expand the polystyrene beads, producing the desired composite foamed material.Type: GrantFiled: April 5, 1979Date of Patent: December 23, 1980Inventors: Seymour Lichter, Frank P. Nold
-
Patent number: 4238546Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making lightweight gypsum products wherein expanded substantially monocellular volcanic ash having a loose bulk density of about 0.05 to about 15 pounds per cubic foot is added to calcined gypsum and water to form a slurry. The hydrated gypsum product formed has a bulk density of about 24 to about 45 pounds per cubic foot.Type: GrantFiled: July 30, 1979Date of Patent: December 9, 1980Assignee: FerjonInventor: Harold L. Phillips
-
Patent number: 4233169Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making porous bodies of magnetic glass and/or crystal-containing materials having magnetic crystals incorporated therein with dimensions less than about 1000A. Preferably, the crystals have dimensions less than 500A such that the porous bodies demonstrate essential superparamagnetic behavior. The method involves preparing a body which, upon heat treatment, will separate into at least two vitreous phases and at least one crystal phase. One of the vitreous phases is etched away leaving a structure remaining which contains said magnetic crystals. When present as fine particles, the porous magnetic bodies are especially suitable for use in biological assays.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 1979Date of Patent: November 11, 1980Assignee: Corning Glass WorksInventors: George H. Beall, Gerald R. Mansfield, Jan W. H. Schreurs
-
Patent number: 4232128Abstract: A porous shaped article, especially a flat shaped sponge like article, in particular a sponge cloth, is disclosed which exhibits an improved cleaning effect and which comprises cellulose hydrate and from about 10 to about 80% by weight of polyolefin fibrids.Type: GrantFiled: December 15, 1977Date of Patent: November 4, 1980Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventors: Wolfgang Michel, Heinz Kalberer
-
Patent number: 4230593Abstract: A non-water dispersible water-softening bead is disclosed having from 80 to 90% sodium alumino silicate and from 10 to 20% low density polyethylene. The bead has a diameter of between 200 and 1000 microns and a calcium capacity of at least 200 mg calcium carbonate/g. The sodium alumino silicate has a silica to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 2:1 and 4:1 and a sodium oxide to aluminum oxide molar ratio of between 0.8:1 and 1.2:1.Type: GrantFiled: April 2, 1979Date of Patent: October 28, 1980Assignee: J. M. Huber CorporationInventors: Joseph E. Wagner, III, Lloyd E. Williams
-
Patent number: 4217406Abstract: A process for producing an electrophotographic toner composition comprising melt-kneading (a) a cross-linkable functional group-containing resin and (b) a colorant, with (c) a polyfunctional resin capable of reacting with the cross-linkable functional group-containing resin (a) or a low molecular weight cross-linking agent capable of cross-linking the cross-linkable functional group-containing resin (a), the amount of the polyfunctional resin or the low molecular weight cross-linking agent (c) being such that the amount of the functional groups present in the polyfunctional resin or the low molecular weight cross-linking agent (c) being equivalent to or less than equivalent to the amount of the functional group present in the cross-linkable functional group-containing resin (a); cross-linking by heating and generating a shearing force during melt-kneading to produce a slightly cross-linked colored resin such that the adhesion properties and the grindability of the slightly cross-linked colored resin are not dType: GrantFiled: July 31, 1978Date of Patent: August 12, 1980Assignee: Fuji Xerox Co. Ltd.Inventors: Koichi Tanaka, Kenji Kobayashi, Shigeo Aonuma
-
Aftertreatment of thermally pretreated tetrafluoroethylene polymers and the polymer powders obtained
Patent number: 4216265Abstract: In a process for aftertreating thermally presintered polymers of tetrafluoroethylene the optionally comminuted powders are subjected, at temperatures below +80.degree. C., to the action of a gas jet mill. Preferred starting materials are tetrafluoroethylene polymers containing a small proportion of a modifying monomer. By the aftertreatment the bulk density and the flow index of the powders are considerably improved without a noticeable disintegration taking place. The aftertreated powders are used in the first place for the manufacture of shaped articles in extrusion devices with automatic feeding means.Type: GrantFiled: September 27, 1978Date of Patent: August 5, 1980Assignee: Hoechst AktiengesellschaftInventor: Reinhard A. Sulzbach -
Patent number: 4215033Abstract: An improved composite dental material includes an inorganic component of glass particles separated into two interconnected vitreous phases which have been etched to produce a porous surface layer. The inorganic glass particles are combined with an organic resin to provide the composite dental material. Preferable glass compositions include a mixture of silicon dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide and strontium oxide, with one or more from the group of calcium oxide, zinc oxide, stannic oxide, and zirconium oxide as optional modifying ingredients.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1978Date of Patent: July 29, 1980Assignee: American Dental Association Health FoundationInventor: Rafael L. Bowen
-
Patent number: 4215166Abstract: Sticks of foamable thermoplastic material are provided with grooves in at least one surface. These grooves extend width-wise of the stick. In addition, the grooves are disposed in equi-spaced relation along one surface of the stick, or in spaced-apart series or groups on only one surface, or in series or groups on opposite surfaces and in spaced-apart relation. Upon foaming, the sticks form formed elements of various shapes, each of which has at least one curvilinear portion such as, for example, a corkscrew shape, an annular shape or shapes with reverse bends.Type: GrantFiled: March 13, 1978Date of Patent: July 29, 1980Inventor: Harry Bussey, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4211437Abstract: This invention relates to paper, or like sheet material, having a coating comprising minute, liquid-containing, pressure-rupturable capsules, and also larger, non-rupturable kaolin-containing stilt capsules arranged in interspersion and in close juxtaposition. In the preferred embodiment the smaller capsules contain a liquid marking agent. The capsules, large and small, are interspersed as to size, and are closely spaced on the sheet, so that an intentional impact directed on a small area of the coating will crush substantially all of the small capsules in the area and result in the release of liquid marking agent, whereas a casually applied pressure will rupture relatively few of the small capsules in the area. The marking liquid may be a colorless chromogenic color reactant. The small capsules on a sheet containing said marking liquid may be associated with other color forming materials on said sheet, or alternatively said color forming materials may be contained on another contacting sheet.Type: GrantFiled: April 25, 1978Date of Patent: July 8, 1980Assignee: Appleton Papers Inc.Inventors: Hugh K Myers, Donald E. Hayford
-
Patent number: 4210070Abstract: A flexible thermal barrier material for use in the fabrication of thermal shields or fire barriers for disposition over fixtures such as a lighting fixture or an air diffuser in a suspended ceiling comprises a flexible pad of non-flammable and frangible fibrous felt-like ceramic material movably disposed between two flexible, non-flammable and structurally durable panels of a sleeve usefully of a woven glass fibre cloth which in turn is usefully impregnated with aluminum powder in a thermoplastic base. Such thermal barrier material is easily cut and stapled together to provide such a thermal shield or fire barrier of a desired configuration.Type: GrantFiled: March 6, 1978Date of Patent: July 1, 1980Inventors: James R. Tatum, Barry R. Dayus
-
Patent number: 4210698Abstract: The resistance of structural elastomer products, such as bearing blocks, to compressive forces is reduced by incorporating therein a plurality of small, separate, reinforcing elements of relatively hard material. Such materials include crushed rock, concrete, glass or certain slags and small metal pieces. The reinforcing elements are congregated in an interior section or core which is covered by a marginal section substantially free from reinforcing elements.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 1978Date of Patent: July 1, 1980Assignee: Watson Bowman Associates, Inc.Inventor: Stewart C. Watson
-
Patent number: 4207378Abstract: Involved are (I) expanded, thermoplastic, non-brittle as expanded polymers selected from a styrene-polymer and a polyolefin from polyethylene to poly-methylpentene, said expanded polymer being in form of micro-bits which (a) are from about 40 to about 325 microns long and from about 20 to about 325 microns wide, (b) are substantially completely to entirely completely free (i) of intact cells of expanded polymer bit-pieces from which they were produced and of (ii) any uniformity in outline of individual micro-bit particles, and (c) in density are from about 85 percent of, to about substantially the same as, the specific unexpanded polymer from which there was provided the aforesaid expanded polymer, and (II) a method of preparing these micro-bits by impelling a mixture of them in water in a confined comminuting zone through a circular path by repeated impact by a plurality of impact surfaces spaced axially and radially at apart from one another and rotated about the circular path's axis from about 4700 to abouType: GrantFiled: September 15, 1977Date of Patent: June 10, 1980Inventor: Max Klein
-
Patent number: 4207199Abstract: Solid cold bleach activator formulations for detergents which contain, as the active ingredient, a compound carrying acyl groups adsorbed on a three-dimensionally crosslinked water-insoluble inorganic compound having silicon-oxygen and/or aluminum-oxygen bonds.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1978Date of Patent: June 10, 1980Assignee: BASF AktiengesellschaftInventors: Johannes Perner, Herbert Helfert
-
Patent number: 4202922Abstract: A method of constructing a model tree structure and the article resulting therefrom constitute the present invention. First a full three-dimensional pattern is constructed from wire and tin-lead. The pattern is then partially flattened and placed in a rubber mold. The mold is filled in around the pattern with rubber and the entire mold with the pattern in place is heated to vulcanize the rubber and form a mold cavity conforming to the configuration of the pattern. A casting metal is provided which preferably is at least 98% lead. Up to 2% antimony may be added to increase flow characteristics. It is also permissible to include a quantity of tin. The part is cast in the mold using centrifugal casting techniques. After the part has solidified and been removed from the mold it is bent into full three-dimensional form corresponding generally to the initial shape of the pattern.Type: GrantFiled: January 23, 1978Date of Patent: May 13, 1980Inventor: David L. Osment
-
Patent number: 4201756Abstract: A coated, rounded, solid calcium hypochlorite granule is described which is comprised of granular calcium hypochlorite encapsulated with a plurality of layers of an inorganic salt other than calcium hypochlorite. The inorganic salt is admixed with sufficient alkaline material to form a coating which has a pH in dilute aqueous solution at ambient temperature of at least about nine or higher. The inorganic salt is selected from a group consisting of the chloride, chlorate, nitrate, bromide, bromate and sulfate of an alkali metal. The alkaline material is selected from the group consisting of calcium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and mixtures thereof. The inorganic salt coating comprises from about 4 to about 45 percent by weight of the calcium hypochlorite granule. The coated, rounded, solid granule of this invention is highly stable and resists chemical decomposition and dusting during storage.Type: GrantFiled: October 31, 1978Date of Patent: May 6, 1980Assignee: Olin CorporationInventors: Walter C. Saeman, Noel N. Coe, John P. Faust
-
Patent number: 4201819Abstract: A chipboard having bonded thereto a sheet metal lamination is disclosed. The sheet metal stretches and contracts in response to dimensional changes in the chipboard without becoming detached therefrom, thereby improving and preserving the strength and integrity of the chipboard. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing thin laminated chipboard wherein a thermoplastic material, securely connected or bonded to a sheet of non-thermoplastic material, is laminated to the chipboard by contacting the thermoplastic film against the chipboard while applying heat and pressure against the non-thermoplastic material.Type: GrantFiled: February 10, 1977Date of Patent: May 6, 1980Assignee: Wilhelm Mende & CompanyInventor: Manfred Schenz
-
Patent number: 4200679Abstract: A polyurethane structure prepared by the comminution of a flexible polyurethane foam in the presence of a compatible protective cooling fluid.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1977Date of Patent: April 29, 1980Inventor: Max Klein
-
Patent number: 4197351Abstract: Unique polished metal flake pigmented, plastic powder products produced, e.g. by a process including the measure of brush polishing metal flake particles and plastic particles together.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 1978Date of Patent: April 8, 1980Assignee: Aluminum Company of AmericaInventors: Rolf Rolles, James E. Williams, Jr., Thomas J. Kondis
-
Patent number: 4193829Abstract: A process for the preparation of composite laminate structures of glass cloth preimpregnated with polybismaleimide resin and adhered to a polybismaleimide-glass or aromatic polyamide paper honeycomb cell structure filled or partially filled with a syntactic foam consisting of a mixture of bismaleimide resin and carbon microballoons.The carbon microballoons are prepared by pyrolyzing phenolic microballoons and subsequently bonded using a 2% bismaleimide solution. The laminate structures are cured for two hours at 477.degree. K. and are adhered to the honeycomb bismaleimide adhesive using a pressure of 700 kN/m.sup.2 pressure at 450.degree. K. The laminate composite is then post-cured for two hours at 527.degree. K. to produce a composite laminate having a density in the range from about 95 kilograms per cubic meter to 130 kilograms per cubic meter.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 1978Date of Patent: March 18, 1980Assignee: The United States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationInventors: Demetrius A. Kourtides, John A. Parker
-
Patent number: 4191672Abstract: Polymer aggregates in the form of discrete particles of controlled particle size below 150 microns maximum dimension which are themselves aggregates of primary particles of a polymer or polymers derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer together with from 0 to about 400%, by weight on the weight of the monomer, of an organic thickener compatible with the monomer, said aggregate particle containing from 0 to about 95% by weight of pigment and/or extender are made by providing an aqueous dispersion of the monomer and thickener, a hydrophilic colloid being present in the aqueous phase of the dispersion and pigment and/or extender optionally being present in either the aqueous phase or the disperse phase, introducing a polymerization initiator into the aqueous phase of the dispersion, and maintaining the dispersion under conditions of high shear and continuing polymerization to substantial completion thereof. The aggregates are useful in coating comositions, e.g. to provide a matt finish.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 1977Date of Patent: March 4, 1980Assignees: Berger Jenson & Nicholson Ltd., Berger Jenson & Nicholson Ltd.Inventors: Frederik Salome, William T. Elliott
-
Patent number: 4191403Abstract: In a donor material for carbonless copying which mainly consists of a carrier sheet and a multiplicity of frangible microcapsules containing a suitable dye precursor in a liquid medium and secured to one face of the sheet, spacer particles of soybean protein are interspersed in a relatively small amount between the microcapsules and project beyond the microcapsules away from the carrier sheet to protect the microcapsules against premature fracture.Type: GrantFiled: September 13, 1978Date of Patent: March 4, 1980Assignee: Feldmuhle AktiengesellschaftInventors: Guido Dessauer, Kurt Riecke, Ferdinand Land
-
Patent number: 4190718Abstract: The process for increasing the molecular weight of poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone over that normally obtained by suspension polymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone in a saturated hydrocarbon suspension medium, by adding to the suspension medium a controlled amount of water, specifically an amount between about 1% and 35% by weight based on the total weight of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer. The significantly higher molecular weight of the resulting polymeric product can be still further increased by additionally incorporating in the suspension medium between about 0.001 mol % and about 1 mol % of a difunctional vinyl cross-linking agent per mol of N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer. The polymeric products of the present invention are preferably water soluble granules having a porous structure; although the present invention also concerns the poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone having a number average molecular weight of between 400,000 and 2,000,000, preferably between 450,000 and 1,500,000 in any physical form.Type: GrantFiled: May 27, 1975Date of Patent: February 26, 1980Assignee: GAF CorporationInventors: Donald H. Lorenz, Earl P. Williams, Herman S. Schultz
-
Patent number: 4182649Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite, self-supporting, polyurethane foam sheet prepared by forming an aqueous dispersion of hydrophilic polyurethane foam particles with fibers to serve as a binder therefor, wet-layering the dispersion onto a supporting screen to form a sheet, and removing water from the sheet. If desired, a porous web, woven or non-woven, e.g. paper, cloth, etc., can be positioned on the screen with the dispersion being layered out onto the web to form a laminar composite structure. Whether in sheet form or as a laminar structure the product of the invention is formed rapidly and possesses a desirable soft or cushioning feel.Type: GrantFiled: February 11, 1977Date of Patent: January 8, 1980Assignee: W. R. Grace & Co.Inventors: Irving E. Isgur, Andrew B. Holmstrem, Norman J. Hayes
-
Patent number: 4180489Abstract: Coating composition for spray application to a substrate comprising a film-forming polymer, a volatile organic liquid diluent, specified polymer microparticles stably dispersed in the combination of the film-forming polymer and the diluent, and metallic pigmentation also dispersed in the said combination. The composition affords improved control of the orientation of the metallic pigment.Type: GrantFiled: April 17, 1978Date of Patent: December 25, 1979Assignee: Imperial Chemical Industries LimitedInventors: Malcolm S. Andrew, Alan J. Backhouse
-
Patent number: 4180611Abstract: A nonwoven fabric having a smooth surface, especially for use as support material for semipermeable membranes, comprising a support mat into which at least one surface thereof, an open-structured, continuous covering layer of fine, thermoplastic particles is calendered.Type: GrantFiled: December 1, 1977Date of Patent: December 25, 1979Assignee: Firma Carl FreudenbergInventors: Wolfram Schultheiss, Klaus Schmidt
-
Patent number: 4175158Abstract: Particulate perlite fines are agglomerated to increase the apparent particle size by forming a mixture of the perlite fines with a compound such as boric acid capable of being substantially converted to B.sub.2 O.sub.3 at elevated temperatures. The mixture is heated while mixing to convert the compound to B.sub.2 O.sub.3 and to at least partially coat the particulate perlite.The mixture is then heated above the melting point of B.sub.2 O.sub.3 to agglomerate the perlite fines. The product of this process has particular utility as an improved filter aid.Type: GrantFiled: October 17, 1977Date of Patent: November 20, 1979Inventor: Elerington Saunders
-
Patent number: 4173598Abstract: Processes for making polymeric compositions which have methacrylic and/or acrylic chains grafted onto a copolymerized vinyl diene substrate. The compositions, which are novel, are particularly useful as impact modifiers for polyvinyl chlorides.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1977Date of Patent: November 6, 1979Inventors: Garbiel G. M. Castelazo, Abraham Quintero, Alejandro Medina, Gilberto Fabila
-
Patent number: 4173556Abstract: Elastoplastic compositions are described comprising blends of cross-linked rubber and thermoplastic polyamide.Type: GrantFiled: July 15, 1977Date of Patent: November 6, 1979Assignee: Monsanto CompanyInventors: Aubert Y. Coran, Raman P. Patel
-
Patent number: 4173596Abstract: The impact resistance of rigid polymeric resins (e.g. PVC, SAN, PMMA, etc.,) is enhanced by the incorporation therein of an improved toughener. This toughener comprises three distinct phases: (a) a core of thermoplastic or thermoset resin having a Tg below room temperature, (b) a rubber-like layer overpolymerized on the core, and (c) a relatively hard polymer layer overpolymerized on the rubber layer. The utilization of a "soft" core, or seed, apparently enhances the efficiency of the toughener in the rigid polymer. In one of the preferred embodiments of this invention, the improved toughener comprises a seed derived from a partially corss-linked poly(n-butylacrylate), a rubber-like (or intermediate) layer derived from a monomer mixture containing n-butylacrylate and an addition monomer and an outer layer (or shell) derived from a monomer mixture containing styrene and methylmethacrylate.Type: GrantFiled: December 23, 1977Date of Patent: November 6, 1979Assignee: The B. F. Goodrich CompanyInventor: Elmer J. De Witt
-
Patent number: 4172776Abstract: A method for producing polymers in powdered form is disclosed, including the formation of a finely divided solvent-free spray of a liquid monomer of the polymer which is to be produced, or of a reactive unsaturated polymer, and the passage of that spray through a high energy electron beam in an inert atmosphere in order to polymerize the monomer or reactive unsaturated polymer of the spray while in the spray form and produce a powdered polymer product. The preferred method develops a charge in the particles of the finely divided spray and passes the charged spray through a charged yoke to ensure particle separation and compress the pattern of the spray prior to passage through the electron beam, which is preferably in the form of a curtain.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1978Date of Patent: October 30, 1979Assignee: Kemtec, Inc.Inventor: James D. Singelyn
-
Patent number: 4172859Abstract: Toughened multi-phase thermoplastic composition consisting essentially of one phase containing 60 to 99 percent by weight of a polyester including polycarbonate matrix resin of inherent viscosity of at least 0.35 deciliter/gram, and 1 to 40 percent by weight of at least one other phase containing particles of at least one random copolymer having a particle size in the range of 0.01 to 3.0 microns and being adhered to the polyester, the at least one random copolymer having a tensile modulus in the range of 1.0 to 20,000 p.s.i., the ratio of the tensile modulus of the polyester matrix resin to tensile modulus of said at least one polymer being greater than 10 to 1. Said at least one polymer is either a branched or straight chain polymer. The toughened compositions are useful for making molded and extruded parts.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1975Date of Patent: October 30, 1979Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Bennett N. Epstein
-
Patent number: 4171401Abstract: The invention provides artificial straw adapted to be used instead of natural straw for stable litter or the like. This artificial straw is constituted of chips made of a crystalline thermoplastic alimentary polymer having an elongation at rupture of at least 50%, said chips having, when in a flat and stretched condition, a shape and dimensions such that each chip is inscribable in a parallelepiped having a length comprised between 30 and 800 mm, a width comprised between 1 and 20 mm and a height comprised between 0.06 and 12 mm, the thickness of said chips being comprised between 0.06 and 0.8 mm.Type: GrantFiled: September 8, 1977Date of Patent: October 16, 1979Assignees: Georges Legrix, Ato ChimieInventors: Georges Legrix, Gerard Junca, Michel Bouron, Pierre Rustul
-
Patent number: 4170685Abstract: Microspheres are produced by cobalt gamma radiation initiated polymerization of a dilute aqueous vinyl pyridine solution. Addition of cross-linking agent provides higher surface area beads. Addition of monomers such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate acrylamide or methacrylamide increases hydrophilic properties and surface area of the beads. High surface area catalytic supports are formed in the presence of controlled pore glass substrate.Type: GrantFiled: March 22, 1977Date of Patent: October 9, 1979Assignee: California Institute of TechnologyInventors: Alan Rembaum, Amitava Gupta, Willi Volksen
-
Patent number: 4169179Abstract: The loose fill packaging material of the illustrated embodiment comprises a plurality of elements of, for example, expanded polystyrene. Each packaging element of the embodiment is of a generally block-like form which includes a body portion of a spring-like construction and two leg portions. The spring-like construction is formed by slitting a surface of the body portion at spaced-apart locations prior to the complete expansion of the packaging element.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1977Date of Patent: September 25, 1979Inventor: Harry Bussey, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4166875Abstract: The loose fill packaging material of the illustrated embodiment comprises a plurality of free-flowing elements of, for example, expanded polystyrene. Each packaging element of the embodiment is of a block-like E-shaped form which includes three leg portions which define a pair of recesses between the legs. The width of the recesses is less than the width of the leg portions and, in use, the leg portions of one element do not fit within the recesses of another element. Instead, the packaging elements abut one another, rather than interlock, while forming a mass of resilient packaging material about an item packaged therewithin.Type: GrantFiled: October 7, 1977Date of Patent: September 4, 1979Inventor: Harry Bussey, Jr.
-
Patent number: 4164971Abstract: This disclosure relates to a new fastener means for use on bolts, screws, nuts, threaded surfaces and the like which includes an adhesive composition comprised of a solid particulate adhesive, such as a low molecular weight crystalline adhesive or a high molecular weight non-crystalline solid thermoset resin, and a curing agent. The adhesive composition also includes a film forming carrier such as latex in which said solid particulate adhesive is dispersed and which does not dissolve nor react with said adhesive, and a microencapsulated solvent dispersed in said film forming carrier which acts upon the solid particulate adhesive to effect a cure. The adhesive composition may be applied over oily surfaces such as phosphate and oil coated bolts, without destroying the corrosion resistant phosphate and oil coating, and still provides excellent fastening properties.Type: GrantFiled: November 1, 1976Date of Patent: August 21, 1979Assignee: Federal Screw WorksInventor: Norman S. Strand