Abstract: A seal intended to wear from abrasion for use in contact with a rotor zone of a rotating machine, of the type made up of a dispersion of hollow microspheres in a binder providing cohesion of the microspheres among themselves and their attachment to a metallic support. In order to make it possible to produce the seal by torch spraying from a powdered mixture onto the support, the hollow microspheres are made of an inorganic refractory material and the binder material is a metallic material more fusible than the material of the microspheres.

Abstract: A conductive paste and an electroconductive body fabricated from the paste, in which the paste comprises inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles and an organic binder, or inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, silver particles, particles of glassy material and an organic vehicle. An electroconductive body comprises silver particles, and inorganic non-metallic particles coated with silver, both embedded in a matrix of organic material or of glassy material. The silver particles and silver-coated inorganic non-metallic particles are in effective contacting relationship within the matrix. Also disclosed are a silver-coated glass bead, for incorporation in paste and an electroconductive body, and methods for fabricating an electroconductive body. The electroconductive bodies are useful, for example, as termination elements for capacitors, and as internal conductive elements in capacitors of the type used in thick-film technology applications.

Abstract: Non-fused hollow glass microspheres that consist primarily of silicate are rendered more water-resistant by treatment with multivalent metals. The hollow microspheres are slurried with water and then a solution of a multivalent metal salt such as Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 is added to the slurry. The rate of the addition is controlled so that the pH can be regulated. Separating, washing and drying complete the preparation.

Abstract: The dental filler material is formed from a selection of one or more finely divided inorganic particles of, barium containing glass or zeolite crystals with up to 100% of such particles having a coating thereon of a polymerized acrylate containing monomers or oligomers. The dental composite is formed using the dental filler material and a methacrylate based polymeric resin binder system.

Abstract: Extremely small, three-dimensional articles, such as fusion targets having glass shells (20 to 500 microns in diameter) are coated with alternate layers of colloidal materials. This is accomplished by depositing particles of opposite charge from colloidal suspensions (sols). Articles to be coated are suspended within a drop held in the open end of a closed capillary tube, and colloidal particles are deposited by dipping the capillary into the sols. Alternate monolayers of the particles adhere to the surface of the article. Multilayer coatings are built up by repeated alternate deposition of the monolayers from the sols. Between each deposition, the layers are rinsed with water and the water removed by dipping the capillary tube into a bath of water and then into a bath containing a water displacing agent such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: An electrostatic record material comprising an electroconductive base sheet and a record layer formed on the base sheet and composed mainly of insulating resin, the record material being characterized in that the electroconductive base sheet has an electroconductive layer comprising (1) electron conductive particles produced by coating the particles of an inorganic compound with an electroconductive substance consisting of stannic oxide and a small amount of antimony and (2) a water-soluble adhesive composed of salts of a copolymer of at least 20 mole % of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid monomer.

Abstract: A lightweight preformed stable gel composition formed by admixing a gel mixture of silicon gels and catalyst with glass microspheres, pouring the mixture into a mold and reacting the mixture. The resulting composition is a preformed stable silicon gel with glass microspheres dispersed throughout.

Abstract: A calcium aluminum fluorosilicate glass powder is disclosed which has average particle size of at least 0.5 microns, and is characterized in that the calcium in the surface of the powder's particles is depleted so that the quotient of the atomic ratio Si/Ca at the surface of the particles and the atomic ratio Si/Ca in the core region of the particles is at least 2.0, more preferably at least 3.0 and most preferably at least 4.0. The glass powder may be prepared by surface treating calcium aluminum fluorosilicate glass powder particles with an acid which forms calcium salts, washing the calcium salts off the treated particles and drying the washed particles.The glass powder has utility in self-hardening glass ionomer cements, such as dental or bone cements. Cements formed from the glass powder exhibit reduced periods of water sensitivity, while permitting sufficient time for processing.

Abstract: Polyglutaraldehyde (PGL) is polymerized in aqueous base or in aqueous highly polar solvent basic media to prepare powders, castable films or coatings for substrates such as amine substituted microbeads. PGL microspheres can be prepared by suspension polymerization in presence of a surfactant or by precipitating PGL from solution containing surfactant. Magnetic PGL microspheres are formed by suspension polymerization in the presence of magnetic particles such as iron oxide. Polyglutaraldehyde can be converted to a fluorescent polymer by reaction with m-aminophenol or other reagent. Proteins can be readily covalently bound to the polyglutaraldehyde.

Abstract: Organic photochromic materials comprising a photochromic dye and a resinous material can be stabilized with a protective coating which will protect them from deactivation by exposure to moisture, oxygen, various plastic host materials, reactive chemicals or even normal atmospheric conditions. Useful organic photochromic dyes include the spiropyrans, the spirooxazines, the metal dithizonates, the phenazines, the phenothiazines and other known photochromic compositions. Useful resinous materials include vinyl-type thermoplastics, cellulosic materials, polyesters, epoxy resins and aminoplast resins. The encapsulated photochromic materials of the invention comprise an organic photochromic dye in combination with an organic resinous material enclosed within an outer shell of an inorganic material and find use in the preparation of photochromic plastic films, sheets, ophthalmic lenses such as lenses for sunglasses and in camera lenses and filters.

Abstract: Improved construction material especially suitable for use in the manufacture of soundboards and panels used in stringed instruments which equal or surpass the sound radiation qualities and physical properties of wood. The construction material of the invention includes fibers having a Young's modulus of elasticity greater than 18.times.10.sup.11 dynes/cm.sup.2 and a density less than 2 g/cc bonded to a material having a density lying within the range of 0.15 g/cc and 1 g/cc, the said fibers of the composite are oriented in such manner so as to provide a final material having a bending stiffness ratio of at least 4:1.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a membrane paving construction comprising an asphalt-impregnated body, pelt or mat of fibers, preferably glass fibers, and a method of making same wherein the membrane construction is prefabricated or partially fabricated for use in asphalt paving construction such as paving for highways, bridge decks, driveways, runways, parking lots and the like, as a paving wear surface or for repairing a wear surface or as a membrane construction upon which is superposed a wear surface of asphalt aggregate or the like, the membrane construction being in the form of a rolled-up body or in the form of a thin high density planar board or sheet which may be conveyed in such forms to an installation site and disposed on a substrate in a minimum of time in initial installation of paving or in the repair of asphalt paving.

Abstract: High efficiency multi-cellular non-absorbing light weight insulation which has anti-friction flow characteristics for reaching and filling nooks and crannies not fillable by ordinary insulations, and which can be applied by usual methods comprises a plurality of relatively small, evacuated spheres of glass or suitable plastic; means and method for fabrication and evacuation are also disclosed.

Abstract: An abrasion resistant coating comprising a binder having dispersed therein first abrasion-resistant particles of substantially uniform size and second abrasion-resistant particles of substantially uniform size, the second particles having diameters of less than 15.4% of the first particles, the combined volume of the second particles and binder being at least about equal to the void volume of the first particles, the volume of the binder being at least equal to the combined void volumes of the first and second particles when they are interdispersed with one another.

Abstract: There is provided a spot-weldable bonded clad metal plate wherein the metal sheets are 0.05-1.0 mm thick and at least 0.4 mm thick, respectively, the adhesive layer has a thickness of 15-60 microns and the adhesive layer contains 10-100 g/m.sup.2 of metallic powder having a particle diameter corresponding to 0.5-1.5 times the thickness of the adhesive layer. The metallic powder is not necessarily entirely metallic and, for example, glass beads having surfaces coated with a metal can also be used. As the adhesive, a polyamide resin adhesive, particularly, a hot melt type polyamide resin adhesive is preferred.The bonded clad metal plate shows excellent adhesion strength, and in spite of such thin metal sheets, does not blister when spot-welded.

Abstract: A fluid antioxidant for molten metal which comprises glass or ferrite in the form of tiny balloons having three or more sizes. The balloons are coated with powdered silicon and powdered spinel to make their surface softer and more abrasive.

Abstract: Non-fused hollow glass microspheres that consist primarily of silicate are rendered more water-resistant by treatment with multivalent metals. The hollow microspheres are slurried with water and then a solution of a multivalent metal salt such as Al.sub.2 (SO.sub.4).sub.3 is added to the slurry. The rate of the addition is controlled so that the pH can be regulated. Separating, washing and drying complete the preparation.

Abstract: A filler material for thermoplastic polymers which increases the flexural modulus of the resulting filled system along with increasing the percent elongation to fracture is prepared by mixing a major amount of a mica-like, mineral sheet silicate and a minor amount of an additive such that the resulting surface of the sheet silicate possesses protrusions or nodules.

Abstract: A powder suitable for flame spraying which is a composition of an admixture of particles, 20-40% by volume of the particles being an alloy such as a nickel base alloy or cobalt base alloy, each containing aluminium and chromium and the balance of the composition are hollow glass particles, each hollow glass particle being coated with a nickel base alloy or cobalt base alloy, each containing aluminium and chromium. The powder, when flame sprayed, is effective as a thermal barrier which is resistant to thermal shock and oxidation.

Abstract: Extremely small, three-dimensional articles, such as fusion targets having glass shells (20 to 500 microns in diameter) are coated with alternate layers of colloidal materials. This is accomplished by depositing particles of opposite charge from colloidal suspensions (sols). Articles to be coated are suspended within a drop held in the open end of a closed capillary tube, and colloidal particles are deposited by dipping the capillary into the sols. Alternate monolayers of the particles adhere to the surface of the article. Multilayer coatings are built up by repeated alternate deposition of the monolayers from the sols. Between each deposition, the layers are rinsed with water and the water removed by dipping the capillary tube into a bath of water and then into a bath containing a water displacing agent such as ethanol or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract: A powder having a negative coefficient of linear thermal expansion and sealing compositions containing the same are disclosed wherein the powder is a .beta.-eucryptite particle having on the surface thereof a layer of tin oxide, titanium oxide, and/or zirconium oxide.

Abstract: A method for compressing gases in a contained volume consisting of hollow glass microspheres is described. The gases are compressed under high pressure and can be easily handled and stored. The gases to be compressed and contained in the microspheres are used as blowing gases to blow the microspheres.The metal vapor deposited coating can be reflective of or transparent to visible light.The hollow glass microspheres can be made to contain a thin transparent or reflective metal coating deposited on the inner wall surface of the microspheres by adding to the blowing gas small dispersed metal particles and/or gases of organo metal compounds and decomposing the organo metal compounds.The hollow glass microspheres can be made in the form of filamented glass microspheres with a thin glass filament connecting adjacent glass microspheres.

Abstract: A powder suitable for flame spraying comprising particles of an alumino silicate glass, each of the particles being hollow and coated with an alloy containing, by weight, 80% nickel, 2.5% aluminium, 15.7% chromium and 1.8% silicon. The resultant coating is particularly suitable for use as a thermal barrier.

Abstract: Microspheres are substantially uniformly coated with metals or nonmetals by simultaneously levitating them and sputter coating them at total chamber pressures less than 1 torr. A collimated hole structure 12 comprising a parallel array of upwardly projecting individual gas outlets 16 is machined out to form a dimple 11. Glass microballoons, which are particularly useful in laser fusion applications, can be substantially uniformly coated using the coating method and apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to bonding a coating of polyarylene sulphide, for example polyphenylene sulphide, to a steel backing by the use of a ceramic or other non-metallic inter-layer or bonding layer. In some cases the bonding layer comprises a layer of fine particles bonded to the backing followed by a layer of coarser particles to which the coating can be more effectively bonded. This results on a coated steel backing capable of being deformed without the coating becoming detached. Such a coated backing is suitable for use as a bearing material, a chemically resistant material or as cookware.

Abstract: A lightweight mixed dielectric and a manufacturing method thereof is described, which is prepared by mixing metal-coated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica, thin-wall metal pipes or metal coated thin-wall plastic pipes and uncoated expanded particles of plastic, glass or silica and then forming the resulting mixture into a desired shape by thermal expansion or by the use of binder with the provision that these uncoated expanded particles are only made of plastic when the forming step is carried out by thermal expansion.

Abstract: This invention relates to devices for preventing the spread of flame (i.e., flame barriers).The invention comprises a sheet having a backing bearing a coating of 50 to 70 weight % diorganopolysiloxane gum, 1 to 10 weight % fibrous filler, 20 to 45 weight % hollow glass microspheres, and 1 to 5 parts by weight curing agent per 100 parts by weight of said gum. The sheet (i) is substantially free from components volatilizing below 350.degree.C., and (ii) has a weight of at most 0.6 g/cm.sup.2. Preferably the coating is applied in a multilayer fashion.The present invention is a light-weight, non-intumescing sheet useful as a flame barrier between fuel tanks or engines and passenger or cargo compartments of mass transportation vehicles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light transmission particle containing a colorless sublimable dye, an acyl leucophenoxazine compound suitable for use in the formation of a color image. This particle can produce a clear color image having little fogging and having an excellent resolving power.

Abstract: A method of reconstituting an external conductor of a coaxial cable which stands up well to bending and has good electromagnetic propagation. Solid non-perforated or woven strips are wound in a helix along the whole length of the part which is to be repaired and the ends of the intact external conductor and said strips are glued on these ends with an electrically conductive glue. Application to coaxial telephone cables.

Abstract: Longer-lived pavement markings are provided by adhering to the pavement a sheet material about one-fourth millimeter or more thick that comprises a carboxyl-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene polymer and particulate fillers dispersed in the polymer.

Abstract: Glass fibers, either in the form of individual filaments or bundles or glass fibers, which have been coated with a chemically-modified asphalt prepared by reacting a bituminous material with an organo silicon compound in which the organic group attached to the silicon atom contains a functional group reactive with the bitumen. The coated fibers can be used as reinforcement for bitumen or bitumen plus aggregate to securely tie the glass fiber surfaces to the bitumen.

Abstract: The method of the present invention comprises coating the surface of particles, such as glass beads, with a first coating, placing the coated particles in spaced relationship within a die so as to expose a portion of that coating, contacting that exposed portion with a second coating of material which forms an adhesive, and pressing the particles while still in the die against an electrode surface for a time and at a pressure sufficient to deform that surface and to bond the particles to that surface by the second coating without crushing the particles. The particles may be imbedded up to about 35% of their average diameter. The second coating is applied by a kiss coating technique utilizing a roller or the like. The electrode is thus provided with strongly adherent, discrete spaced particles which act as a separator to space the electrode from another electrode or the like. The method is simple, inexpensive, rapid and efficient.

Abstract: Disclosed are carrier compositions for electrophotographic developers comprising core particles coated with a mixture of a resin and an organic surfactant having at least one carbon-fluorine bond and at least one functional group having an affinity for the resin. An intermediate resin layer may be present on the core particles, which themselves may be metal, glass or silicon dioxide, e.g.

Abstract: Polyglutaraldehyde (PGL) is polymerized in aqueous base or in aqueous highly polar solvent basic media to prepare powders, castable films or coatings for substrates such as amine substituted microbeads. PGL microspheres can be prepared by suspension polymerization in presence of a surfactant or by precipitating PGL from solution containing surfactant. Magnetic PGL microspheres are formed by suspension polymerization in the presence of magnetic particles such as iron oxide. Polyglutaraldehyde can be converted to a fluorescent polymer by reaction with m-aminophenol or other reagent. Proteins can be readily covalently bound to the polyglutaraldehyde.

Abstract: An architectural panel produced by forming a raised or depressed pattern in the surface of a base plate and sprinkling and sticking particulate material to both or either of the depressions and protrusions to provide the architectural panel with an excellent three-dimensional effect by virtue of the combined effect of the pattern and the particulate material. According to one form of the invention, an architectural panel having an excellent three-dimensional effect and massiveness is produced by using a metallic base plate and overcoming the feeling of smoothness and lightness peculiar to metallic material with the combined effect of such pattern and particulate material. According to another form of the invention, an architectural panel is produced by applying a base coat layer and/or an overcoat layer to a base plate to provide an excellent design quality and protection against fall-off of the particulate material.

Abstract: Suspension polymerization of aqueous glutaraldehyde in basic conditions in presence of surfactants such as isobutoxy acrylamide copolymers and/or cross-linking agents yield cross-linked, water insoluble glutaraldehyde polymer microspheres ranging in size from 200 A to 10.mu.. Addition of fluorochromes, e.g., FITC, during polymerization yields microspheres of high fluorescent intensity and addition of a suspension of metal containing particles such as Fe.sub.3 O.sub.4 during polymerization yields magnetic microspheres. Immunopolyglutaraldehyde microspheres can be obtained by interacting the polyglutaraldehyde microspheres with antibodies. The immunomicrospheres were used to label and separate cell subpopulations. The labeling specificity is considerably improved by increasing the amount of isobutoxy polyacrylamide incorporated in the microspheres.

Abstract: Electrostatographic carrier materials having low bulk densities and high magnetic permeabilities are obtained by impregnating low density porous silicaceous particles with a magnetic or magnetically-attractable transition metal or metal oxide thereof. The low density magnetic composite carrier particles are prpepared by the thermal decomposition of transition metal carbonyls in the presence of the silicaceous particles with a suitable suspending medium. Air and moisture are excluded from the reaction vessel and the contents are heated with agitation so that the carbonyl boils and the mixture is refluxed until the temperature rises to that of the suspending medium whereupon impregnation of the silicaceous particles with elemental metal and/or metal oxide is complete. The mixture is cooled, the beads washed, air-dried, and recovered. When mixed with toner particles the aforementioned carrier materials experience significantly reduced toner impaction levels.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group. The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Microspheres are produced by cobalt gamma radiation initiated polymerization of a dilute aqueous vinyl pyridine solution. Addition of cross-linking agent provides higher surface area beads. Addition of monomers such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate acrylamide or methacrylamide increases hydrophilic properties and surface area of the beads. High surface area catalytic supports are formed in the presence of controlled pore glass substrate.

Abstract: A panel comprising fillers embedded in a closed cell expanded phenolic resin is made by making a mixture, which is initially fluid, or phenolic resin, a hardening agent, a surface active agent and a porogenic agent, which has a boiling point above ambient temperature and below the polycondensation temperature of the mixture. This liquid mixture is mixed with fillers, for example balls or microspheres of glass or expanded material such as polystyrene. The resulting mixture is placed in a mould, only partially filling the mould, and heated progressively to a temperature in the neighborhood of the boiling point of the porogene agent, while evacuating the mould, and held at that temperature until the mixture has expanded to fill the mould. The temperature is then progressively increased to the polycondensation temperature to harden the expanded mixture.

Abstract: Flaked or plate-like materials that contain silicate were found to be useful as bases for the manufacture of defoaming compositions. Hollow microspheres with largely siliceous surfaces are crushed to form flaked fragments which are rendered hydrophobic by coating with a silane or silicone. The hydrophobized fragments are then dispersed in a water insoluble organic liquid to complete preparation of the defoamer. Especially useful are hollow microsphere fragments containing sodium silicate and a polysalt.

Abstract: Poromeric plastic coated fabrics containing embedded therein microspheres disposed in natural or synthetic clustered domains each constituted by a matrix insoluble in the coating composition, the clustered domains adjacent to one another but spatially separated horizontally and vertically to provide substantially uniform microporosity throughout the coating.

Abstract: Sintered glass pellets which generally decrease in particle size as they increase in specific gravity provide a unique filter medium which varies from larger pellets at its inlet (upstream) upper portion to smaller pellets at its outlet (downstream) lower portion. In view of the variation in specific gravity, particles forming the filter medium generally resume substantially their initial respective positions after the medium is back-flushed for cleaning. Although pellets throughout the medium differ in specific gravity, they are made of the same ingredients. The individual pellets are formed by granulating finely-ground glass with a suitable binder and sintering the resulting granules.

Abstract: Pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, the adhesive layer of which is a void-free matrix of a pressure-sensitive adhesive polymer and glass microbubbles and has the appearance of a foam-backed tape. The adhesive layer is fairly elastic under briefly applied stresses but has low elasticity under prolonged stress and hence conforms and adheres well to rough and uneven surfaces.

Abstract: The process for producing mineral fillers with graft peroxy groups for polymers according to the present invention comprises treatment of mineral fillers, at a temperature of from 50 to 150.degree. C. under a pressure of from 1.33.10.sup.2 to 4.10.sup.5 Pa (lmmHg to 4 atm), with an organosilicon compound of the formula:R.sub.4-y SiX.sub.y or R'R.sub.3-z SiX.sub.z, whereinR is vinyl, allyl, norbornyl,X is chlorine, an alkoxy or acyloxy,y=1-3,z=1-2,R' is methyl, ethyl, propyl,whereafter the mineral filler containing graft unsaturated groups is separated from the reaction mixture, dried and ozonized with an ozone-oxygen mixture containing 4 to 6 vol.% of ozone at a temperature of from -40.degree. to +20.degree. C.The process for producing mineral fillers with graft peroxy groups for polymers is technologically simple and makes it possible to perform extending and grafting of a polymer at lower temperatures (50.degree.-140.degree. C.).

Abstract: According to the invention, the method for producing mineral polymer fillers containing graft hydroperoxide groups consists in treating mineral fillers at a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and a pressure of 1.33.10.sup.2 to 4.10.sup.5 Pa (1 mm Hg to 4 atm) with organosilicon compounds of the general formula:R.sub.4-y SiX.sub.yorR'R.sub.3-z SiX.sub.z,whereR is vinyl, allyl or norbornyl,X is chlorine, alkoxy or acyloxy,y=1-3,z=1-2,R' is methyl, ethyl or propyl,whereupon the mineral filler containing graft unsaturated groups is separated from the reaction mixture, dried and ozonized with an ozone-oxygen mixture containing 4 to 6 percent by volume of ozone at a temperature of -20.degree. C. to +20.degree. C. in an aliphatic saturated monohydric alcohol or aliphatic saturated monohydric acid.The method for producing mineral polymer fillers containing graft hydroperoxide groups is quite simple and makes it possible to carry out the filling and grafting of polymers at a reduced temperature of 50.degree.

Abstract: A polymer suitable for use in affinity chromatography comprising a polymer f an aminimide and a vinyl compound having at least one pendant halo-methyl group and the said polymer wherein an amine ligand which affords sites for binding in affinity chromatography is coupled to the polymer by reaction with a portion of the pendant halo-methyl groups and the remainder of said pendant halo-methyl groups are reacted with an amine containing a pendant hydrophilic group. The invention also comprises a method of coating a substrate with the above polymer and a method of fractionating mixtures by affinity chromatography employing the above polymer as an adsorbent.

Abstract: Radioactive substances are disposed of by incorporating glass particles containing the radioactive substance in molten metal, heat treating the molten metal containing the glass particles to convert the glass to glass ceramic, and cooling the resulting composite to solidify the metal and provide the glass ceramic particles embedded in a matrix of the metal.

Abstract: Transparent colored materials having low bulk densities and high magnetic permeabilities are obtained by encasing silicaceous particles in a sheath of magnetic or magnetically-attractable metal, which are then heat-treated. The magnetic composite particles are prepared by the solution phase thermal decomposition of transition metal carbonyls in the presence of the silicaceous particles with a suitable suspending medium. Air and moisture are excluded from the reaction vessel and the contents are heated with agitation so that the carbonyl boils and the mixture is refluxed until the temperature rises to that of the suspending medium whereupon coating of the silicaceous particles with elemental metal is complete. The mixture is cooled, the beads washed, air-dried, and recovered. The metal coated particles are then heated in an ambient atmosphere for between about 2 to about 120 minutes at a temperature of from between about 50.degree. C. and 700.degree. C.

Abstract: The improved projection screen of the invention comprises a substrate of extended area upon which has been deposited, as by printing, or casting, in accordance with the method, a pattern of liquid-containing elements of desired shape and size, which are then solidifed as by drying or chilling, in accordance with the method, to permanent light-affecting form. In one embodiment, the liquid includes a thixotropic agent to aid in shape retention during permanent solidification. Such liquid may comprise a polymer such as polyvinyl chloride, or the like, to which has been added a hardening agent and/or slip agent. Permanent solidification can be accomplished by drying, catalysis, temperature reduction or elevation or any other suitable means.