Abstract: A hollow profile having at least one laterally protruding flange and a method for the production thereof. The hollow profile having a hollow profile blank and a sheet metal strip. The hollow profile blank and the sheet metal strip each having a joining element and being adapted to be joined in a locking relationship. Wherein a hydraulic internal high pressure is generated within the hollow-profile blank and the joining element of the hollow-profile blank is shaped, whereby a non-releasable clamping action is formed between the joining elements of the hollow profile blank and the sheet metal strip.

Abstract: A process for producing clad pipe comprises forming a hollow body (S10) of base material, bonding a cladding material metallurgically to the base material (S12) to form a composite body and subsequently extruding the composite body to form a pipe. This process allows the metallurgical bond to be validated using non-destructive methods prior to extrusion. Any areas that are unbonded will be detected, thereby reducing wastage. Moreover, because the metallurgical bond is achieved prior to extrusion, the cladding thickness is controlled during the extrusion process, avoiding migration of the clad material into the base material by disproportionate amounts.

Abstract: A tube for a cracker unit in which ethylene is produced withstands, without oxidizing or losing its strength, the elevated temperatures required to effect cracking, yet retards coking. The tube has a shell formed from stainless steel or high nickel alloy and a liner formed from an iron-aluminum alloy. The liner retards the deposit of carbon and its build up known as coking. To form the tube, a high alloy ingot is bored to provide a bore that extends through its center. Then a weld overlay is applied to surface of the bore, with the overlay being derived from a weld metal containing at least 16% aluminum and the balance essentially iron. Thereafter, the ingot is heated to its hot working temperature and extruded through sets of opposed rollers, with the direction of advance being in the direction of the bore. The extruding transforms the ingot into a lined tube.

Abstract: An extrusion-coated metal article is prepared by applying a mixture which comprises an organosilane composition to a metal surface, and then extruding a melt of a polyamide molding composition onto the coated surface thus treated and dried.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a circular-shaped metal structure, includes the steps of (a) rotating a pipe around an axis thereof, the pipe being composed of a plastic-workable metal, and (b) applying drawing to an outer wall of the pipe with the pipe being kept rotated, to reduce a wall thickness of the pipe and lengthen a wall of the pipe. A resultant circular-shaped metal structure fabricated by the method could have a thickness equal to or smaller than 0.09 mm.

Abstract: Provided is an energy absorbing member which makes it possible to induce contraction and deformation into a form of bellows, with Euler's buckle being restrained. An energy absorbing member comprises a hollow extrusion which is made of an aluminum alloy and has an outer portion and an inner rib connected to the outer portion, and the radius of the corner where the rib and the outer portion are connected to each other is not more than a half of the thickness of the rib. A similar energy absorbing member has plural inner ribs which are connected to the outer portion and cross each other, and the radius of the corner where the ribs cross each other is 1 mm or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single-cast, thin wall structure capable of withstanding impinging gases at temperatures of 4300° F. and higher, and method of making the same.

Abstract: A framing member for use in a bleed sign construction assembly, the construction assembly including a projecting mounting surface and at least one construction light fixture arrayed proximate to the projecting mounting surface which is encased within a light permeable covering material. A substantially elongate and joinable member includes a body with a selected width and height in cross section and a longitudinally extending channel which reveals an interior cavity of the body. A first flange extends longitudinally from along a first side of the body and secures to the mounting surface to arrange the body at a spaced distance therefrom. A second flange extends longitudinally from along a second and opposite side of the body terminates along a remote extending edge. A plurality of the framing members are connected in end to end fashion to form a closed perimeter and the covering material is anchored within the interconnected channels and drawn across the framing members.

Abstract: The present invention relates to flexible pipes with metal armors and metal tubes having a sheath made of an extrudable thermoplastic material for manufacturing an acid gas tight barrier.The sheath comprises a determined proportion of at least one charge of a product chemically active with acid gases so as to irreversibly annihilate the corrosive effects of these gases, the proportion being determined as a function of the gas permeability of the thermoplastic material.

Abstract: A joined tubular body comprises a titanium alloy pipe of which crystal grain is hard to coarsen at the time of welding or hot-extruding, which consists by weight percentage of at least one element selected from 0.01.about.10% of S, 0.01.about.10% of Se and 0.01.about.10% of Te (the total sum does not exceed 10%), one or both of 0.01.about.10% REM and 0.01.about.10% of Ca (the total sum does not exceed 10%), and the above pipe is joined to a titanium alloy pipe consisting of the above elements and also at least one element selected from Al.ltoreq.10%, V.ltoreq.25%, Sn.ltoreq.15%, Co.ltoreq.10%, Cu.ltoreq.10%, Ta.ltoreq.15%, Mn.ltoreq.10%, Hf.ltoreq.10%, W.ltoreq.10%, Si.ltoreq.0.5%, Nb.ltoreq.20%, Zr.ltoreq.10%, Mo.ltoreq.15%, and 0.ltoreq.0.1% (the total sum does not exceed 30%).

Abstract: A preform insert for use in preventing the flow of a braze or solder material into a void in an article during a brazing or soldering operation. The insert is particularly suited to brazing techniques for repairing stator vanes of a gas turbine, though equally effective for use in the manufacture or repair of other articles, as well as soldering operations. The preform insert is composed of a refractory metal oxide powder dispersed in a polymeric solid such that the preform insert is solid yet relatively flexible. As such, the preform insert can be formed to be appropriately shaped and sized to fill a void in an article, such that the void will remain open after the brazing or soldering operation.

Abstract: A multilayer composite tubular structure for use as a stent in surgical procedures has an outer layer of biocompatible material, a middle layer of radiopaque material, and an inner layer of biocompatible material. The layers are metallurgically bonded, to form a composite stent which is ductile and permits large deformation without delamination between the biocompatible and radiopaque layers. The composite structure formed is visible on a fluoroscope, yet does not obstruct the details of the stent itself, or of the anatomical features surrounding the stent.A process of forming a multilayer composite tubular structure is also disclosed. A tube formed from radiopaque material is coaxially surrounded by a tube of biocompatible material. The tubes are simultaneously reduced, such as by tube drawing, swaging, or deep drawing, until a composite structure of a desirable diameter and wall thickness is formed. The tubes are then heat treated to cause diffusion bonding of the biocompatible and radiopaque layers.

Abstract: High aspect ratio metal microstructures may be prepared by a method involving(i) forming a layer of a photoresist on a substrate;(ii) exposing the layer to actinic radiation in an imagewise manner and developing the exposed layer to obtain a surface which contains regions having no remaining photoresist and regions covered with photoresist;(iii) metallizing the surface to form a layer of metal on the region of the surface having no remaining photoresist and on the sides of the regions of photoresist remaining on the surface; and(iv) optionally, stripping the photoresist remaining on the surface.Such microstructures are useful as electron emitters, anisotropic high dielectric interconnects, masks for x-ray photolithography, carriers for the controlled release of active agents, and ultramicroelectrode arrays.

Abstract: A stamped, steel insert for use in metal die cast articles. The insert includes first and second interconnected stamped steel insert halves spaced from one another at certain locations to define a void. Openings communicating with the void extend through each insert half to facilitate material flow and to improve interlock of the insert and die cast material. The edges of the insert lie below the surface of the casting to avoid bimetallic machining. The insert halves cooperate to define a pair of elongated passages, which are bored following die casting to form fastener holes. At least one of the passages has an elongated cross section to allow for expansion and contraction of the insert during casting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming and consolidating organic matrix composites. An organic matrix composite panel comprising laid-up prepregs is placed between sheets of a susceptor material that is susceptible to inductive heating to form a workpiece. The resulting workpiece is placed within upper and lower dies formed of a material that is not susceptible to inductive heating. An induction coil embedded within the dies is energized and inductively heats the susceptor sheets surrounding the panel. The sheets in turn conductively heat the organic matrix composite panel. A pressure zone between the workpiece and one of the dies is pressurized to form the workpiece to the contour of a forming surface on one of the dies. The pressure in the pressure zone is maintained on the workpiece until the organic matrix composite panel is fully consolidated and formed.

Abstract: An an aluminum mesh with interlaced hollow and solid ribs. The hollow ribs thereof define large open spaces of the aluminum mesh and the solid ribs thereof further define small open spaces within each large open space, providing the aluminum mesh with varied patterns formed from the interlaced hollow and the solid ribs in only one single stretching operation.

Abstract: A titanium ring for an electrodeposition drum has an attractive, uniform surface without patterns comprising bright and dark spots which are formed during surface polishing. The ring has a thickness of 4-30 mm and a surface hardness when it has been polished to an average surface roughness Ra of at most 0.3 .mu.m such that the difference between the maximum and minimum Vickers hardness measured with a load of at most 1 kg at 10 or more points disposed at a pitch of 0.3-1 mm along a line in an arbitrary direction along the surface is at most 10. The ring can be manufactured by welding of a rolled plate or by ring rolling of a tube. When the temperature of the material forming the ring is heated to at least its .beta. transformation point, cooling past the .beta. transformation point is carried out at a rate of at least 1000.degree. C. per hour. Subsequent working or heat treatment is carried out below the .beta. transformation point.

Abstract: A compressive strut for cryogenic applications includes a tube with a cylindrical bore wall defining an internal cavity, a rod of filling material within the cavity which has low thermal conductivity, and structure in engagement with the rod, such as end plugs partially inserted into the ends of the tube and in contact with the rod. The tube may be formed of a composite material such as fiberglass within a matrix of epoxy, wherein the fiberglass fibers are wound circumferentially. The plug at one end of the strut is attached to the warm support structure and the plug at the other end is attached to the cold structure, such as a superconducting magnet which is maintained at cryogenic temperatures. Compressive pressure applied by the magnet to the strut causes the plugs to press inwardly on the filling material rod, expanding the rod radially.

Abstract: An end fitting closes at least one end of a passageway having an external periphery and an internal periphery to be cast-in-place within a part. A fitting body has at least one elongated, blind-ended aperture formed therein. The aperture is defined at least in part by a first surface having a complimentary shape with respect to the external periphery of the cast-in-place passageway for receiving an end of the passageway disposed extending at least partially therein to close the passageway during casting of the part. The fitting body is composed of material essentially identical to material being used during casting of the part. The fitting body is positionable within a casting mold for forming the part to be cast, such that machining the cast part after casting opens the blind-end of the fitting to allow fluid flow through the passageway cast-in-place within the part.

Abstract: Specification discloses a dunnage bar for a dunnage rack of the type used to store and transport parts within an automotive factory. The dunnage bar includes an outer C-shaped bar and an inner T-shaped bar both roll-formed from structural metal. The inner bar is closely received within and spot-welded to the outer bar. The stem of the inner bar engages the outer bar opposite the mouth and includes spaced webs permitting a welding fixture to be inserted through the mouth and between the webs. The cross arms of the inner bar also engage the outer bar and include spacer webs at their terminal edges to space the inner bar from the mouth of the outer bar.

Abstract: A self-stabilizing extrusion for closure assemblies, including awnings, canopies, and displays having an elongated hollow frame substantially rectangular in vertical cross-section with inside and outside surfaces which is constructed of a top wall perpendicularly connected to parallel side walls terminating in perpendicular flange members parallel to the top wall. A slot opening is formed between the flange members for the receipt of closure material. The side walls are also interconnected by a slot base to which the closure material is affixed. A base support is provided between the slot base and the inside surface of the top wall. The slot is defined by the slot opening, the inside surfaces of the side walls below the slot base, and the slot base. The top and side walls may also include a plurality of stabilizing recesses and stabilizing notches. The corners are also equipped with stabilizing recesses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal fixation insert for stiffening the fixation zone of a part of plastic material on a support. This metal fixation insert is made of rolled steel which is perforated.

Abstract: An airfoil and its sub components for a gas turbine engine have a convex wall and a concave wall that are connected at leading and trailing edges. Internal supports extending from the convex and concave walls define a series of airfoil supports that have at least one primary cavity between them. Internal supports in the proximity of the edges define material absorption cavities that have a smaller cross-section than the cross section of the primary cavities. Pressure applied to the walls during the diffusion bonding process forces material inside the airfoil, and most particularly the airfoil edges, to yield towards the center of the airfoil. The material absorption cavities absorb material that yields during the diffusion bonding process and prevent buckling of the walls.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a needle useful in the dispensing of plastic fasteners and a needle fabricated by the method. In a preferred embodiment, the method involves electroplating a nickel alloy onto a master, the master being made of a meltable material and being appropriately shaped to produce an unfinished shank portion of a needle. The master is then melted away from the electroplated metal, leaving behind an unfinished shank portion. The unfinished shank portion is then finished by machining, and a plastic base portion is insert-molded around the end thereof.

Abstract: A support arm for a control device and the like, the hollow profiled walls of which enclose an installation conduit for receiving cables or the like. The support arm, having a simple geometry and great rigidity, comprises a plurality of screw channels which project inwardly and extend in a longitudinal direction of the profiled section and are formed in the installation conduit. The profiled section comprises two lateral walls which are positioned parallel to each other at a distance and are connected at their ends by semicircular connecting elements in the shape of an oval. The screw channels divide the installation conduit into chambers which are spatially connected to each other.

Abstract: An internally reinforced hollow structure is described which comprises a layer of titanium metal matrix composite applied to the internal surfaces of structural segments comprising the hollow structure, the segments then being joined to form the desired hollow structure.

Abstract: A heat radiating tube for an annealing furnace is disclosed. An aluminide layer and an aluminum diffusion sublayer are formed by an aluminum diffusion coating method on one side or both sides of the tube portions which are subjected during use to high temperature oxidation corrosion. Subsequently, a coating of MCrAlY is applied on selected inside portions exposed to the combustion gas flame collision in order to reinforce the bonding strength of the protective coating. A layer of ceramic is then coated thereupon. Prior to applying the MCrAlY and ceramic coatings, the tube surface to be coated is ground to a depth equal to the coating thicknesses in order to make the heights of the coated layer and the surface of the remaining portions of the tube even each other.

Abstract: A stack of metallic sheets is constructed for selective diffusion bonding followed by superplastic forming to yield a metallic sandwich structure. The invention resides in the provision of gas distribution channels in the stack for assuring balanced and complete distribution of gas throughout the unbonded areas of the stack. The gas is used for expansion of the stack into a sandwich structure during the step of superplastic forming. The novel construction of each channel comprises superimposed grooves in opposed face sheets of the stack and slots in the core sheet(s) of the stack.

Abstract: A metallic structural panel having a plurality of internal passages separated by supporting ribs and its method of fabrication. The fabrication assembly of the metallic structural panel is essentially comprised of a housing defining an internal cavity, a plurality of internal tubes, a means for segregating the internal cavity into a pressurized and an evacuation section and a means for establishing a pressure differential between the pressurized and evacuation sections. The metallic structural panel is superplastically formed and diffusion bonded such that independent passages are formed between supporting ribs within the internal cavity of the housing. Embodiments of the fabrication assembly for manufacturing metallic structural panel are also provided which produced a curved structural panel. These embodiments utilize a curved housing along with either curved end plates or curved internal tubes, depending on whether the supporting ribs are desired to be straight or curved, respectively.

Abstract: A method of making a casting having an internal passage involves the steps of forming a core having an external surface configured to form the passage in the casting and having a plurality of integrally formed protrusions extending from the external surface at stressed regions thereof (e.g., thermally stressed regions) prone to be distorted from a master core configuration, and positioning the core in a pattern molding cavity by engagement of the protrusions with rigid walls defining the molding cavity such that the core is conformed substantially to a predetermined and/or empirically determined relationship between the master core configuration and the molding cavity as if the core corresponded to the master core configuration. A fugitive pattern corresponding to the casting to be formed is then molded about the external surface of the core while the core is supported in the aforementioned relationship relative to the molding cavity, whereby the wall thickness of the pattern is controlled about the core.

Abstract: Two sheet metal panels are joined together to form a closed box section structure. The two panels are individually stamped from a blank and each has a flange along one edge and a toothed edge of alternating notches and tabs along the opposite edge. The two panels are assembled in box section forming relationship with the flanges of the two panels abutting with one another and the toothed edges abutting with one another with the tabs of the one panel interdigitating with the tabs of the other panel. Clamps are applied to the panels and urge the interdigitating tabs into tight fitting relationship. Then the panels are welded together at the interdigitating tabs and also at the abutting flanges to form the closed box section structure.

Abstract: A method for strengthening a pressure resistant property of a hollowed structure made of a metallic material and a pressure resistant hollowed structure made by such method. The method includes providing a temperature differential in a thickness direction between an outer side and an inner side of the metallic material with an arranged sufficient to generate a stress not exceeding a yielding stress of the metallic material. The outer side and inner side are pressurized so as to superimposed a stress generated by the pressurizing and the stress caused by the temperature differential reaching the yielding stress of the metallic material. The pressure is released subsequent to the superimposed stress reaching a level of the yielding stress of the metallic material.

Abstract: A flexible metal conduit and fabrication method where a thin metal ribbon is arranged in a helix about a central axis. The ribbon defines helically extending corrugated inwardly and outwardly facing conduit surfaces formed by alternating ridges and valleys extending parallel to the ribbon edges. Ribbon edge locking structure secures abutting ribbon convolutions together and comprises first and second confronting parallel ribbon edge flanges extending at least a substantial length of the ribbon. The flanges are lapped and tightly rolled together to form a two ply spirally curved wall defining a tube whose central core has a generally circular cross sectional shape. The tube is disposed adjacent a convolution surface and extends along a helical path parallel to the abutting convolutions.

Abstract: An aluminum pipe according to the present invention is used in forming a plurality of bulged portions on the peripheral wall thereof. At the same time by bulging has been so refined as to exhibit an elongation of at least 40% and a recrystallization texture of up to 60 .mu.m in grain size during bulging. The aluminum pipe to be bulged is produced by a process characterized by drawing an extruded aluminum pipe at a cold working ratio of at least 40%, and thereafter annealing the drawn pipe at a temperature of 350.degree. to 420.degree. C., whereby the pipe is refined to exhibit the specified elongation and recrystallization texture.

Abstract: Methods of making superplastically formed and diffusion bonded articles are disclosed as well as the articles made from such methods. Metal sheets are superplastically formed and diffusion bonded in a manner such that pillows are formed on respective outer surfaces thereof, providing a cellular structure interconnected by channels permitting control of gas pressure with the cells. The cellular structure can, in one embodiment, be twisted and the cells can be inflated through superplastic forming. The twisted cellular structure is particularly useful as an intermediate stiffener for an airfoil.

Abstract: High strength, high precision thin-walled cartridge cases are manufactured from a metal of interest selected from low alloy and carbon steels utilizing an extrusion and heat treating process. The cartridge blanks are extruded to a length greater than that necessary for the finished cartridge case and are provided with one or more peripheral grooves close to the open end of the extruded cartridge blank to prevent warpage during subsequent heat treatment.

Abstract: A metal structural component (10) is formed by placing metal tubes (16) between two metal sheets (12) and plastically deforming the tubes (16) by injecting pressured gas therein. The injected gas expands the tubes by superplastic deformation until diffusion bonding occurs between the metal sheets (12) and expanded tubes (16) to form the desired support structure between the metal sheets (12).

Abstract: A compound steel workpiece and a process for its production, wherein a support jacket is provided with at least one recess, which in turn is furnished with a lining resistant to attrition and corrosion, which lining is connected to the support jacket by a metal bond. In the process, which has particular application in the production of double or multiple screw cylinders for use in plastics processing, the support jacket is provided with at least one core at the point(s) at which the recess(es) are desired, is subjected to hot-forming, along with the core(s), at an appropriate temperature, in particular for cross-sectional reduction a cross-sectional shape deviating from that of a circle is imparted to the core(s) and the recess(es) are created in the core(s).

Abstract: A composite bar structure is composed of at least outer and inner members extending parallelly in the longitudinal direction of the structure and joined mechanically at an interface therebetween in an interlocked. The structure is fabricated by forming a plurality of projections on the inner member over the entire interface, preparing the outer member in a tubular shape to readily encompass the inner member, relatively positioning the members to place the inner member within the outer member in telescoped state, and applying a constrictive compression force on the outer member so that it undergoes plastic deformation and reduction in diameter, whereby the projections bite into the inner surface of the outer member. The members are thus joined tightly to form the integral composite bar structure.

Abstract: A hollow composite member for accommodating torques and/or tensile, compressive or bending forces in the case of which a circumferentially uniform tensile prestress is generated in an outer material layer essentially along its entire axial length by inner supporting members accommodating pressure in the radial direction, and where, especially in the outer material layer a compressive prestress which is either uniform or increased towards the center is prevailing as a result of inner supporting members accommodating tension in the axial direction.

Abstract: A high-strength martensitic stainless steel excellent in corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance, the composition of which comprises: 0.1% or less carbon, 1% or less silicon, 2% or less manganese, 8-14% chromium, 1.2-4.5% copper, 0.005-0.2% aluminum, 0.01-0.15% nitrogen, and the balance of iron except incidental elements. The stainless steel can contain nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, etc. under the fixed conditions in addition to the above elements. The heat treatment of the stainless steel comprises: the step of austenitizing at temperatures of 920.degree. C. to 1,000.degree. C., the step of cooling at a cooling rate equal to or higher than the air cooling rate, the step of tempering at temperatures between 580.degree. C. and A.sub.cl point, and the step of cooling at a cooling rate higher than the air cooling rate.

Abstract: A metal insert is provided for use in forming an elastomer-tipped armature to a precise length. The insert is formed as an elongated member with a central hole passing through its length, and an elastomer element is molded within the hole. A circumferential groove is formed in the exterior surface of the insert to create a weakened "hinge" point in the insert wall such that, as mold elements for forming the elastomer element engage opposing ends of the insert, the insert may be compressed longitudinally at the groove to thereby decrease the overall length of the completed armature to within a predetermined tolerance.

Abstract: Composite pipe adapted for use, for example, in line pipes for crude oil or natural gas producing oil wells and having excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties to withstand high temperatures and high pressures, the composite pipe having an outer layer made of a material comprising in % by weight 0.05 to 0.20% of C, up to 1.0% of Si, up to 2.0% of Mn, up to 1.0% of Cr, 0.2 to 2.0% of Ni, up to 1.0% of Mo, 0.05 to 0.15% of V, up to 0.1% of Al, and the balance inevitable impurities and Fe, the material being up to 0.45 in carbon equivalent expressed by: ##EQU1## an inner layer made of stainless steel, high alloy steel or like corrosion resistant alloy, and an intermediate layer substantially intermediate between the outer layer and the inner layer in composition and having a thickness of 10 to 100 .mu.m, the intermediate layer providing a boundary between the outer and inner layers and being metallurgically joint to the outer layer and the inner layer integrally therewith.

Abstract: A primary multi-layer structural component having insulation properties and the method of producing same is disclosed. The structure is comprised of opposing spaced apart face sheets, a plurality of internal core sheets, the core sheets being spaced apart from each other and from the face sheets. Truss means extend internally across the structure, the truss means being connected to and supporting the opposing face sheets, and being integrally connected to and supporting the core sheets. Such structure is produced by forming a stack of metal sheets in contact with each other, including a pair of outer face sheets and a plurality of core sheets positioned between the face sheets, and providing a predetermined stop-off pattern by placing stop-off material in certain preselected areas between the contacting surfaces of adjacent faces sheets and core sheets, and of adjacent core sheets.

Abstract: A stainless steel wheel trim ring is constructed of an outer ring and a grip annulus. The outer ring is formed of a sheet metal band which is constructed from a rectangular blank having a pair of wedge shaped strain relief notches in a longitudinal edge adjacent to each end. The blank is welded at the joined ends to form the band. During manufacture, the band is expanded in the order of 25% at the longitudinal edge. A crimped peripheral bead along the longitudinal edge secures the grip annulus to the outer ring.

Abstract: A sheet member and a method for constructing the sheet member. The sheet member includes a plurality of elongated, enclosed channels formed by electrodeposition.

Abstract: A tube of a muffler for an internal combustion engine includes at least two generally rectangular sheets which are joined together at one end by crimping and wound in a tubular configuration to constitute two consecutive layers. In the tubular configuration, the other end of each of the two sheets overlaps the sheet itself and welded to the latter straddling a coupling portion where the two sheets are joined. While one of the sheets which constitutes an inner layer of the tube is made of a material which is resistive to corrosion due to chemical reactions with combustion gas and others flowing through the tube, the other which constitutes an outer wall of the same is made of a material which withstands adverse ambient conditions such as briny air and high humidity.

Abstract: A method for forming monolithic structures from a plurality of aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets is provided which integrates a method for producing a selective fine grain structure in each of the sheets, with roll bonding and superplastic forming. The sheets are subjected to isothermal aging or controlled slow cooling to obtain a desired grain size in each of the respective sheets. Different heating and cooling treatments can be individually applied to each of the sheets so that the sheets can be tailored to have a fine grain or a coarser grain. Stop-off material is applied at selected areas of the sheets, and the resulting stack of sheets is subjected to cold roll bonding to bond adjacent surfaces of the sheets where stop-off material has not been applied. The roll bonding step also serves to plastically deform the sheets. The roll-bonded stack of sheets is then subjected to rapid heating for recrystallization of one or more of the sheets into a fine grain structure.

Abstract: In a hollow section of oxygen-free copper deoxidized with boron or lithium, which is to be pressed over a bridge tool, the percentage of the deoxidizing agent, boron or lithium, in the finished product is 0.01% to 0.05%. The electrical conductivity of the finished section is at least 95% IACS.

Abstract: A sheet member and a method for constructing the sheet member. The sheet member includes a plurality of elongated, enclosed channels formed by electrodeposition.