Abstract: A magnetic materials construct and a method to produce the construct are disclosed. The construct exhibits large magnetic-field-induced deformation through the magnetic-field-induced motion of crystallographic interfaces. The construct is a porous, polycrystalline composite structure of nodes connected by struts wherein the struts may be monocrystalline or polycrystalline. If the struts are polycrystalline, they have a “bamboo” microstructure wherein the grain boundaries traverse the entire width of the strut. The material from which the construct is made is preferably a magnetic shape memory alloy, including polycrystalline Ni—Mn—Ga. The construct is preferably an open-pore foam. The foam is preferably produced with a space-holder technique. Space holders may be dissolvable ceramics and salts including NaAlO2.

Abstract: A structural element used for attenuating aviation turbine noise is provided with pores (1, 2) embodied in the form of cylindrical channels which are open on the first ends inside the turbine housing and closed on the opposite ends thereof, wherein the diameter (D) of each channel ranges approximately from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, each channel is remote at least along one part of the length thereof from the closest neighbors at a minimum distance ranging approximately from 0.02 to 0.3 mm and the ratio between the channel length and diameter thereof is of the order of 102.

Abstract: This assembly comprises a first component (9), a second component (3), and a connecting device (19) for connecting these two components together, this device (19) being of the type that maintains the integrity of the surface of said second component (3), and the assembly being noteworthy in that said connecting device (19) comprises a structural skin (21) fixed to said first component (9) and a porous material (23) attached to this structural skin and fixed by contact to said second component (3).

Abstract: A process for producing a foamed metal article comprises the steps of combining together at least one metal powder, silicon powder a gas-producing blowing agent including hydrated magnesium silicate powder, and graphite to form a mixture; compacting the mixture into a foamable metal precursor; placing the foamable metal precursor in a carrier; and heating the foamable metal precursor in the carrier to at least a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined amount of time, to thereby cause the foamable metal precursor to foam, thus producing a foamed metal article.

Abstract: A process for producing a foamed metal article comprises the steps of combining together at least one metal powder, silicon powder a gas-producing blowing agent to form a mixture; including graphite along with said mixture; compacting the mixture into a foamable metal precursor; placing the foamable metal precursor in a carrier; and heating the foamable metal precursor in the carrier to at least a predetermined temperature for at least a predetermined amount of time, to thereby cause the foamable metal precursor to foam, thus producing a foamed metal article.

Abstract: A shape-changing structure has a superelastic metal foam structural member that changes shape (morphs) to change configuration of the structure. The superelastic metal foam structural member changes shape while maintaining a continuous outer surface, with the continuous metal foam material inside the outer surface expanding, contracting, or otherwise changing shape. The superelastic metal foam material may be heated above a transition temperature to allow it to change shape, and then cooled to cause it to increase in strength, more easily maintaining its new shape. The superelastic metal foam material may be a suitable alloy, for example a nickel titanium alloy, that exhibits superelastic (pseudoelastic) behavior. The superelastic metal foam material may be a shape memory alloy material that returns to a set shape upon moderate heating. The superelastic metal elastic foam structural member may be heated either by an internal heat source or by external heating.

Abstract: A bonding structure and method of manufacturing the same are provided. The bonding structure of a substrate and a component include an electrode formed of metal powder and a resin component on the substrate. A low melting point solder that bonds the component to the electrode. The metal powder contains at least spherical metal powder and flake metal powder. The low melting point solder is infiltrated from the surface of the electrode into the electrode.

Abstract: Magnetic materials and methods exhibit large magnetic-field-induced deformation/strain (MFIS) through the magnetic-field-induced motion of crystallographic interfaces. The preferred materials are porous, polycrystalline composite structures of nodes connected by struts wherein the struts may be monocrystalline or polycrystalline. The materials are preferably made from magnetic shape memory alloy, including polycrystalline Ni—Mn—Ga, formed into an open-pore foam, for example, by space-holder technique. Removal of constraints that interfere with MFIS has been accomplished by introducing pores with sizes similar to grains, resulting in MFIS values of 0.12% in polycrystalline Ni—Mn—Ga foams, close to the best commercial magnetostrictive materials. Further removal of constraints has been accomplished by introducing pores smaller than the grain size, dramatically increasing MFIS to 2.0-8.7%.

Abstract: Embodiments of multi-layer three-dimensional structures and formation methods provide structures with effective feature (e.g. opening) sizes (e.g. virtual gaps) that are smaller than a minimum feature size (MFS) that exists on each layer as a result of the formation method used in forming the structures. In some embodiments, multi-layer structures include a first element (e.g. first patterned layer with a gap) and a second element (e.g. second patterned layer with a gap) positioned adjacent the first element to define a third element (e.g. a net gap or opening resulting from the combined gaps of the first and second elements) where the first and second elements have features that are sized at least as large as the minimum feature size and the third element, at least in part, has dimensions or defines dimensions smaller than the minimum feature size.

Abstract: The present invention provides solution to the problem involved in preparation of metal nanosponges using templates and polymers. The instant invention is successful in providing a simple, template free single step process for the preparation of metal nanosponges having porous low density and high surface area. These metal nanosponges were found to be good self-supported substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and have shown significant anti-bacterial activity.

Abstract: A method is provided for brazing porous metal parts. By heating a filler metal such as a brazing alloy containing composition to a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperature, the brazing alloy can be caused to partially infiltrate the pores of a porous metal part. After being infiltrated, the brazing alloy containing composition may be cooled and thereby able to form a strong adhesion between the porous metal parts and another material. The other material may, for example, be a solid material or another porous metal part.

Abstract: A solidified mass for a high-purity multicrystal silicon material that is preferably applicable to producing crystal type silicon ingots for photo voltaics, and a process for producing the solidified mass are provided. The mass of silicon solidified from molten state is a solidified mass produced by dropping molten silicon into a receiving vessel and allowing the vessel to receive the molten silicon, said solidified mass containing bubbles and having (i) an apparent density of not less than 1.5 g/cm3 and not more than 2.2 g/cm3 and (ii) a compressive strength of not less than 5 MPa and not more than 50 MPa. The process for producing a mass of silicon solidified from molten state includes the steps of dropping molten silicon into a receiving vessel and allowing the vessel to receive the molten silicon, wherein the surface temperature of the vessel for receiving the molten silicon is not lower than 0° C. and not higher than 1000° C.

Abstract: This invention discloses a method, using pure niobium as a transient liquid reactive braze material, for fabrication of cellular or honeycomb structures, wire space-frames or other sparse builtup structures or discrete articles using Nitinol (near-equiatomic titanium-nickel alloy) and related shape-memory and superelastic alloys. Nitinol shape memory alloys (SMAs), acquired in a form such as corrugated sheet, discrete tubes or wires, may be joined together using the newly discovered joining technique. Pure niobium when brought into contact with nitinol at elevated temperature, liquefies at temperatures below the melting point and flows readily into capillary spaces between the elements to be joined, thus forming a strong joint.

Abstract: A high-temperature resistant component for a gas turbine hot part and so on is provided, which has durability and reliability enough to withstand a corrosive environment with use of the low-grade oil. The high-temperature resistant component includes an alloy substrate containing Ni, Co, or Fe as the principal component, and a thermal barrier coating formed over the surface of the substrate via a bond coat. The thermal barrier coating includes a porous thermal-barrier layer made of ceramic and an environmental barrier layer with corrosion resistance. An impregnated layer is provided between the environmental barrier layer and the thermal barrier layer. In the impregnated layer, the thermal barrier layer is impregnated with a part of the environmental barrier layer. The thermal barrier layer is made of a porous zirconia layer, and the environmental barrier layer includes silica as the principal component. The porous zirconia layer has pores impregnated with the part of the environmental barrier layer.

Abstract: A carrier material to be used as a placeholder for structuring workpieces having at least one vacuity is disclosed, said carrier material comprising at least two metal powders Mel and Mell, the standard electrode potentials of which are different at room temperature, which can be produced by a method compacting the powders, as well as a method for producing same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microperforated metal foil and to a process for the preparation thereof which is characterized in that a self-supporting metal foil is perforated with a needle-punching machine.

Abstract: A metal composite substrate includes a core made of a metal having higher strength than aluminum at elevated temperatures of at least 300° C. and an aluminum or aluminum alloy layer covering an entire surface of the core, and an anodized film is formed at a surface of the aluminum or aluminum alloy layer. The metal composite substrate having the anodized surface film can produce with high efficiency an insulating flexible support by a roll-to-roll process and has good flatness during the high-temperature heat treatment.

Abstract: An integral molded part of a plastic material for the analysis and preparation of substances, having at least one surface region and an interior region, wherein said at least one surface region is an open-pore three-dimensional network.

Abstract: A thermal barrier includes a thermal barrier member having at least one material selected from a metal foam or a ceramic foam. The thermal barrier member includes an attachment section for securing the thermal barrier member with a corresponding attachment section of a support.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal matrix material made of a hydrogen-permeable metal 1 and a chemically stable metal 2 that is also hydrogen permeable, said matrix material having a structure comprised of a plurality of centers made of the metal 2 surrounded by the metal 1. The invention further relates to a method for the production of said matrix material, having the following steps: a. optionally pretreating the metal 1 and/or 2 b. coating metal 1 with a metal 2 to form a composite metal powder c. pressing the composite metal powder into the metal matrix material according to the invention in the form of a pressed body d. optionally deforming the pressed body thus obtained to form a molded body. The metal matrix material has a greater mechanical stability as compared to a conventionally coated metal film by virtue of a more homogeneous stress distribution during the change in volume of the metal phases as a result of hydrogen absorption and thermal expansion.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment discloses a thermoformed composite powder metallurgy based material including a matrix of sintered metal particles including at least one of a metal and metal alloy; and carbon fibers within said matrix having an orientation and shape derived from a precursor fibrous matte.

Abstract: A composite component comprising at least one first and one second sheet metal plate with at least one layer of a polymer arranged between the first and the second sheet metal plates provides for a component optimized with respect to the weight thereof, and which is at the same time simple to manufacture. The polymer layer of the composite component according to the invention comprises at least one foamed polymer layer of a thermoplastic polymer, wherein the foamed polymer layer comprises gas bubbles with a volume percentage of 1% to 80%, in particular 5% to 70%.

Abstract: Porous titanium having a low contact resistance includes porous titanium body, Au, and Ti oxide layer (3). Porous titanium includes continuous holes (1) opening on a surface and being connected to inner holes and a skeleton (2). Au adheres to at least an outer skeletal surface (4) of the porous titanium via diffusion bonding to form a network structure. The Ti oxide layer (3) is formed in a clearance between adjacent Au cords (5) of the Au network sticking. The width of an Au cord (5) of the Au network is 0.3 to 10 ?m at least at one position; and the thickness of the Ti oxide layer (3), which is formed in the clearance between adjacent Au cords (5) of the Au network is 30 to 150 nm.

Abstract: A structural element used for attenuating aviation turbine noise is provided with pores (1, 2) embodied in the form of cylindrical channels which are open on the first ends inside the turbine housing and closed on the opposite ends thereof, wherein the diameter (D) of each channel ranges approximately from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, each channel is remote at least along one part of the length thereof from the closest neighbours at a minimum distance ranging approximately from 0.02 to 0.3 mm and the ratio between the channel length and diameter thereof is of the order of 102.

Abstract: A metal molding (10) comprises a metal foam region (12) composed of a metal foam consisting of a metal, a further region (14) in which the metal has fewer or smaller cavities than in the metal foam region, and an essentially sheet-like one-part or multipart insert element (16) with orifices or interspaces. The insert element (16) is arranged in a fringe region between the metal foam region (12) and the further region (14).

Abstract: A method for coating a construction material made of metal alloy with a functional metal. The functional metal is deposited electrolytically on the surface of the construction material selectively so that the deposition occurs on the grain boundaries of the construction material and other points of discontinuity. The invention also relates to a construction material product, which is selectively coated with a functional metal.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide electrochemical analyte sensors having elements designed to modulate their electrochemical reactions as well as methods for making and using such sensors.

Abstract: In a through hole closing process, a metal plate is attached to one surface of a conductive base member having a plurality of through holes by the use of a magnet, in a copper plating process, a copper plating layer is formed on the conductive base member and the metal plate exposed within the through holes, from the side of the conductive base member where the metal plate is not attached, thereby to fill up the through holes, in a film forming process, a Pd alloy film is formed by plating on the surface of the conductive base member after removal of the metal plate, and in a removal process, the copper plating layer is removed by selective etching, thereby to produce a hydrogen production filter that is used in a reformer of a fuel cell so as to be capable of stably producing high purity hydrogen gas.

Abstract: Getter multilayer structures are disclosed, embodiments of which include at least a layer of a non-evaporable getter alloy having a low activation temperature over a layer of a different non-evaporable getter material having high specific surface area, both preferably obtained by cathodic deposition. The multilayer NEG structures exhibit better gas sorbing characteristics and lower activation temperature lower than those of deposits made up of a single material. A process for manufacturing such structures includes depositing a first, high surface area NEG film on a support, and then depositing a thin over layer of low activation NEG film.

Abstract: A foamed solder or a nano-porous solder is formed on a substrate of an integrated circuit package. The foamed solder exhibits a low modulus that resists cracking during shock and dynamic loading. The foamed solder is used as a solder bump for communication between an integrated circuit device and external structures.

Abstract: A coating (4) that is metallurgically bonded to a metal substrate (2) to protect the substrate includes carbide precipitates (10) of irregular and angular shape and a matrix (12) in which the precipitates are embedded. In a flame spraying procedure that utilizes a wire having a metal case and a core containing metal carbides, metals are deposited on the substrate as a basic coating. When that coating is subjected to a carbon rich environment, the carbon unites with the more reactive metals in the basic coating to form carbide precipitates of those metals, leaving the remaining metals to form the matrix. The carbide precipitates possess irregular and angular configurations and remain firmly embedded in the matrix, even though some of the matrix may disappear through the effects of erosion, corrosion, abrasion or wear.

Abstract: A structural, energy absorbing composite element for aircraft structures includes a metallic or nonmetallic skin shell with a porous filler material insert positioned within the skin shell. The porous filler material is a material having ligaments that collapse resulting in a densification of the porous filler material in response to impact loading or a compression force sufficient to cause failure of the combined assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to implantable medical devices, particularly, to porous structures for such devices. In one aspect, the invention provides a porous metal scaffold comprising a porous metal network having pores defined by metal webs, the metal webs covered with at least one layer of metal particles bonded to the metal webs. In other aspects, the invention provides methods of forming porous scaffolds. In one such aspect, the method includes providing a polymer foam; forming a skin of biocompatible metal on the polymer foam by low temperature arc vapor deposition; and heating the polymer foam and the metal skin above the decomposition temperature of the polymer foam in an inert gas atmosphere; thereby the polymer foam decomposes producing a green metal foam. In yet other aspects, the invention provides methods of improving stability of porous scaffolds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hydrogen generating microporous metals, methods for preparing microporous metals, and methods for producing hydrogen from water using the metals and systems of the invention. In particular, microporous metals selected from the group comprising aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), capable of producing hydrogen upon reaction of the metal with water having a neutral pH are provided. Methods for preparing microporous metals comprising the steps of selecting a metal that is sufficiently electropositive (i.e. water reactive); and introducing microporosity in the selected metal by means of mechanical deformation, or metallurgical techniques, in order to generate the microporous metal are also provided, as is a method for producing hydrogen comprising reacting a microporous metal powder with water at a pH of between 4 and 10.

Abstract: An iron-based sintered body with a rustproof function comprises a layer containing 0.01 to 5 at % of indium on the surface of the iron-based sintered body, or an iron-based sintered body with a rustproof function contains 0.01 to 5 at % of indium throughout the sintered body, and the iron-based sintered body having iron as its principal component is manufactured by performing sintering in a gas atmosphere containing indium vapor or indium. Thereby obtained is an iron-based sintered body, as well as the manufacturing method thereof, capable of easily improving the rustproof effect without having to hardly change the conventional process.

Abstract: A component having a ceramic base the surface of which is covered in at least one area by a metalized coating, the ceramic base being spatially structured and the partial discharge resistance between at least two layers of a metalized structure produced from the same or different materials and between the layer of a metalized structure and the ceramic being <20 pC.

Abstract: To increase the strength of a shaped metal body of metal foam, an insert element may be embedded in the shaped metal body. For this purpose, the invention uses as the insert element a freely shearing chain mail of loosely interlinked rings, whereby particularly high strength can be achieved.

Abstract: The invention relates to an article of manufacture which includes a substrate, and on at least one surface thereof, a porous coating which has a total thickness in the range of up to about 50 microns and which consists of a plurality of discrete adjacent strata, wherein each discrete stratum is porous, inclusive of porous interfaces, and is fabricated from at least one substance selected from the group consisting of metals and metal oxides. The article is made by vaporizing a metal under vacuum conditions, optionally in an oxidizing atmosphere, at predetermined intervals of time, such that a deposit of a desired total thickness is formed on the substrate as a coating consisting of a plurality of discrete adjacent strata.

Abstract: Disclosed are high-porosity cordierite honeycomb substrates having fine pore size, narrow pore size distribution, little or no microcracking, and a high thermal shock resistance. The porous ceramic honeycomb substrates generally include a primary cordierite ceramic phase as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods for making and using the cordierite substrates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to composite metal foams comprising hollow metallic spheres and a solid metal matrix. The composite metal foams show high strength, particularly in comparison to previous metal foams, while maintaining a favorable strength to density ratio. The composite metal foams can be prepared by various techniques, such as powder metallurgy and casting.

Abstract: An article having a thermal barrier coating includes a superalloy substrate having a columnar grained ceramic coat formed thereon. The ceramic coat includes a nanolaminate region comprising repeating layers of ceramic material with each layer being less than 500 nm in thickness, with dispersions of metal oxide doping material situated between each of the layers. The ceramic coat further includes a non-doped region having a thickness greater than 500 nm adjacent to the nanolaminate region, the non-doped region including one layer or a plurality of adjacent layers of ceramic material without dispersions of metal oxide doping material situated between each of the layers. In one embodiment, and by way of example only, a bond coat is formed between the substrate and the columnar grained ceramic coat. According to another embodiment, the superalloy substrate forms an adherent alumina scale, and no bond coat is necessary.

Abstract: A metal injection-molding feedstock is heated and plasticized. Supercritical carbon dioxide is injected into the feedstock to form micropores when the pressure is reduced and a parts mold is filled. The micropores are retained when the green parts are debindered and sintered.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reinforced matrix for a molten carbonate fuel cell comprising a porous aluminum support and a lithium aluminate tape-cast on the porous aluminum support. Further, disclosed is a method for preparing the molten carbonate fuel cell comprising the reinforced matrix comprising steps of tape-casting a lithium aluminate on a porous aluminum support so as to prepare a reinforced matrix (S1), making a unit cell or a stack of the unit cells using the reinforced matrix (S2) and heat treating the unit cell or the stack so as to oxidize aluminum in the support into lithium aluminate (S3). According to the present invention, the method is simple and economic, and the mass production of the matrix is easy, and strength of the matrix can be increased effectively and therefore there is no worry about fracture or crack.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising a MAX phase material having the formula Mn+1AXn, wherein M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element, X one or both of C and N, and n=1-3, wherein the MAX phase material defines a plurality of pores; and, a metal component comprising a low melting point metal, wherein the metal occupies at least some of the pores. Also disclosed are method comprising providing a porous green body comprising a particulate material having the formula Mn+1AXn, wherein M is an early transition metal, A is an A-group element, X one or both of C and N, and n=1-3; and, infiltrating at least some of the pores of the green body with a low melting point metal, thereby providing a composite material.

Abstract: A method of preparing a nanoporous titanium film includes depositing a film of a mixture including titanium and one or more metals that are immiscible with the titanium on a substrate; and eliminating the one or more metals that are immiscible with the titanium selectively from the mixture by an electrochemical method. A method of preparing a nanoporous TiO2 film includes depositing a film of a mixture including titanium and one or more metals that are immiscible with the titanium on a substrate; eliminating the one or more metals that are immiscible with the titanium selectively from the mixture by an electrochemical method; and oxidizing the titanium.

Abstract: [Problem] As a multi-layered sliding member aimed at applications in high temperature regions, there has been proposed slide sheet components each having a metal mesh component such as an expanded metal or wire mesh and an expanded graphite integrated therewith, but a problem remains in the strength when applied to sliding members such as bearings, allowing only a limited range of applications. It is therefore a subject of the present invention to provide a multi-layered sliding member suitable for applications under high temperatures under which lubricating oils or synthetic resins are not adoptable, and to provide a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: Heat exchange device with a boiling surface comprising porous surface layer arranged on a solid substrate, the porous surface layer comprises a porous wall structure defining and separating macro-pores that are interconnected in the general direction normal to the surface of the substrate and have a diameter greater than 5 ?m and less than 1000 ?m wherein the diameter of the pores gradually increases with distance from the substrate wherein the porous wall structure is a continuous branched structure.

Abstract: A leak-proof membrane element (1) for the selective separation or cleaning of gas, wherein a metal foil (membrane) (3) is deposited onto a supporting stock (substrate) (2, 20) having connection means (4, 21, 34) on the ends/edges of the substrate allowing the membrane element to be installed in a housing. A metal foil (3), having a thickness of less that 10 micrometers and being selectively permeable for specific gases, is arranged in flakes or wound with overlapping joints (8) on the outside of the substrate (2, 20), any joints being welded together by diffusion bonding so that the foil forms a continuous, leak-proof metal membrane layer. The substrate being made of a material (metal, ceram, polymer, or combinations thereof) exhibiting a very high gas flux for the gas(es) that the membrane is to let through.

Abstract: An open cell porous material and a method for producing it is provided. The porous material of the present invention is generally composed of particles of at least one inorganic material bonded together by a brazing agent, generally provided as inorganic brazing alloy particles. The porous material is produced by heating a mixture comprising inorganic brazing alloy particles having a first melting temperature, inorganic particles having a second melting temperature higher than the first melting temperature, a binding agent having a decomposition temperature lower than the first melting temperature and preferably a foaming agent. In practice, the mixture is heated to induce foaming thereof via the foaming agent. The solid foamed structure is then heated at the decomposition temperature to substantially eliminate the binder.

Abstract: A process for producing a metal article containing at least 10% interconnected porosity, using a preform (11), comprising: mixing an organic binder, a wetting agent and a granular material, to obtain a mouldable paste that combines 10 vol. pct. or more of said granular material, said material dissolving easily in a liquid solvent; shaping the paste into an aerated preform and providing an open pore space to be infiltrated by the metal or alloy; evaporating said wetting agent and baking said preform to a temperature sufficient to degrade the binder and create a network of interconnected open porosity in the preform; filling said open pore space with the liquid metal or alloy. All or part of the baked preform can be easily leached by a liquid solvent through the network of fine pores.