Abstract: A steel sheet with two or more coatings and a method of producing the same are disclosed. The steel sheet has on at least one side a discontinuous surface layer of an Fe or Fe--Zn base alloy, preferably an Fe--Zn base alloy electrodeposit containing Sn in an amount of 0.01 to 50 mg/m.sup.2, usually in an amount of 1.0 to 50 mg/m.sup.2, preferably in an amount of 3.0 to 30 mg/m.sup.2, and also 5 to 50% by weight of Zn in case Fe--Zn alloy is used, and a layer of Zn--Ni or Zn--Fe alloy electrodeposit, which lies directly under said discontinuous surface layer.

Abstract: Polyethylene terephthalate moulding compositions which contain delaminated kaolin may be processed into highly-reflecting objects.

Abstract: A lithographic printing plate which comprises:(a) a support comprising an iron foil prepared by electroforming,wherein one surface of said foil is in contact with an electrolyte and the opposite surface is in contact with a negative electrode,said foil being electroplated with a hydrophilic metal on both surfaces, and(b) an oleophilic image area formed from a photo-sensitive resin on said surface of the hydrophilic metal coated iron foil, which was in contact with said electrolyte and a non-image area where said resin is not present on said surface of said hydrophilic metal coated iron foil which was in contact with said electrolyte,said non-image area exhibiting good hydrophilic and water retentive properties in lithographic printing.

Abstract: A method is provided for manufacturing a burr-free blank from an elongated sheet of flat metal stock comprisingpunching a first aperture in one surface of said metal stock, said first aperture extending only partially through said stock;simultaneously forming the lower burnished land portion of said blank;punching a second aperture in the opposite surface of said metal stock, coaxial with said first aperture, said second aperture extending only partially through said stock, said second aperture being smaller than said first aperture;simultaneously forming the upper burnished land portion of said blank, causing the material of said stock to fracture between said burnished land portions and recovering said burr-free blank.The resulting burr-free metal blank exhibits a shiny upper peripheral burnished land portion, a rough, fractured intermediate peripheral portion and a shiny lower peripheral burnished land portion, said lower land portion having a smaller circumference than said upper land portion.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for treating a metal foil to enhance its ability to be bonded to a substrate comprise immersing the metal foil in an electrolytic cell having an electrolyte bath solution containing copper and applying a current having regularly recurring pulses and preferably flowing in only one direction to the cell. The current causes a dendritic layer of copper to be deposited on at least one surface of the metal foil at a first current density and bonded thereto at a second current density. The process and apparatus are particularly suited for treating copper foil.

Abstract: A steel caul for forming wood panels is sandblasted to roughen the contact face thereof. The process of roughening the face results in a multiplicity of minute indentations in the surface of the face which function to capture and retain therein carbonized materials which are produced when the caul is employed to press panel products, thereby extending the period which the caul can be used without the need for cleaning carbon deposits from the same.

Abstract: Dense homogeneous metal is cast in long lengths by introducing liquid metal into the lower portion of a casting vessel in the presence of an elongated upwardly-traveling alternating electromagnetic levitation field that provides a levitation ratio of from 75% to 200% of the weight per unit length of the liquid metal, solidifying the metal while moving upwardly through the field, and removing solidified metal product from the upper portion of the field. The frequency of the alternating electromagnetic field is established at or near a value F=(36.rho./D.sup.2) where F is the frequency in kilohertz, .rho. is the resistivity of the liquid metal column in micro-ohm-centimeters and D is the diameter of the solidified metal rod product in millimeters.

Abstract: A decorative metal article of manufacture and the process of making it including assembling alternate layers of steel and brazing alloys, heating them while in intimate contact, then removing portions of the layers leaving elevated portions adjacent to depressed portions, and then subjecting the structure to compression to compress the elevated portions to the level of the depressed portion, and finally polishing the article.

Abstract: A rolled core is formed by winding a thin body of an amorphous magnetic alloy having positive magnetostriction characteristics so that, of the two surfaces the surface of smaller surface coarseness faces inward. This rolled core is improved in iron loss over a rolled core obtained by winding the thin body so that the surface of greater surface coarseness faces inward. Breakage of the thin body tends to occur less frequently when it is wound so that the surface faces inward.

Abstract: Manufacturing method and high-stress resistant product produced thereby. The method involves electro deposition by cathodic electrolysis of a thin metallic layer of the oxide of the metal molybdenum, on the surface of a metal workpiece. The workpiece, which could be solid or else a laminate such as a slide bearing, thus has an adaptation surface capable of withstanding extremely high surface pressures and/or high temperatures, and of preventing metallic-surface abrasion or galling, and dry friction.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing an ultra-black surface coating, having an extremely high light absorption capacity, on a substrate, such as a metal, ceramic, glass, or plastic, the blackness being associated with a unique surface morphology consisting of a dense array of microscopic pores etched into the surface, as well as the resulting coated substrate.The ultra-black surface, which has a spectral reflectance on the order of about from 0.5 to 1.0% at wavelengths of light of about from 320 to 2140 nanometers, finds use as a solar collector in the field of solar energy.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and articles for composite electroless coatings comprising at least two distinct layers, the first layer comprising a metal and/or a metal alloy plus particulate matter and the second layer comprising a metal and/or a metal alloy and being substantially free of particulate matter.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes and articles for composite electroless coatings comprising at least two distinct layers, the first layer comprising a metal and/or a metal alloy plus particulate matter and the second layer comprising a metal and/or a metal alloy and being substantially free of particulate matter.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an article comprising a thin film of silver and/or copper contacted with a compound selected from the group consisting of a thiadiazole substituted by a mercapto group and/or an amino group and a triazole substituted by a mercapto and optionally an amino group. The invention is also directed to a method of protecting a silver and/or copper metallic film by contacting the film with a compound selected from the above group.

Abstract: A metal web having a pyrophoric surface is coated by a solid or liquid that does not block the pyrophoric property and undergoes a pyrophoricity-intensifying exothermic change when subjected to the pyrophoricity of that surface.

Abstract: A resolution standard for a scanning electron microscope has clusters of palladium in a sea urchin form. The clusters are widely scattered on a substrate so that a cluster can be acquired easily for a resolution test. The tips of the spines on the clusters are on the order of 50 Angstroms and they present a sharp clear image to an electron microscope that is operating properly. A process for forming the clusters is also disclosed.

Abstract: Structurally defined continuous metal strips are formed by forcing molten metal onto the surface of a moving chill body under pressure through a slotted nozzle located in close proximity to the surface of the chill body. The surface of the chill body (chill surface) whereon casting of the strips takes place has a contoured surface, i.e. it is provided with structurally defined protruberances and/or indentations, which are faithfully replicated by the formed strip, the thickness of the strip being substantially uniform throughout, regardless of whether it replicates a level area of the chill surface or a raised or indented area.

Abstract: A bearing having a generally flat planer surface of pearlite, and an array of microasperities of martensite on the planer surface, each microasperity including a gently sloping front surface in relation to the direction of movement of the bearing and a sharply sloping rear surface in relation to such direction of movement. A pulsed laser beam or other heat source is focussed on the bearing to produce the array with microasperities of controlled size and shape.

Abstract: It has been discovered that a series of grooves in the surface of amorphous magnetic alloy strip can significantly reduce core losses if the grooves are generally transverse to the direction of magnetization. The grooves are between 0.1 and 10.0 of the strip thickness in depth and are preferably on both sides of the strip and spaced about 0.02-2 centimeters apart.

Abstract: A high strength steel, suitable for polishing and acid-resistant cohesion, comprising besides iron and the usual residual elements, at most 2% (by weight) of C, at most 1% (by weight) of Si, at most 5% (by weight) of Mn, at most 15% (by weight) of Cr, at most 12% (by weight) of Ni, at most 4% (by weight) of Cu, at most 3% (by weight) of Mo, at least 0.005% (by weight) of N, 0.005% to 0.25% (by weight) of Zr and/or Be, 0.001 to 0.2% (by weight) of Al, 0.04 to 1.5% (by weight) of Nb and/or V, at least 0.001% (by weight) of Ca and at least 0.001% (by weight) of B and/or Ce.

Abstract: A continuous film having a solar selective coating on one surface and adhesive on the opposite surface is produced by a coil type process. The film may be cut to size and shape for application to solar collectors.

Abstract: Materials have been made that exhibit high absorption in the visible, near ultraviolet, and near infrared spectral region while simultaneously exhibiting low absorptivity in the thermal infrared. Exemplary of such materials is silicon which is etched in a reactive sputtering process in the presence of a sputterable material. Other materials exhibiting useful properties are produced by this method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bright welded seam can of tinplate having a side seam formed by welding, wherein each of the inner and outer surfaces of the side seam has an outermost surface layer having a thickness of 50 to 400 A and being composed of oxides and a subsequent intermediate layer composed of an iron-tin alloy, which has a thickness corresponding to 5 to 100% of the thickness of the whole tin layer in the tinplate blank, and wherein the inner and outer surfaces of the side seam have a reflectance corresponding to at least 60% of the reflectance of the tinplate.This bright welded seam can is excellent in the appearance of the seam, the corrosion resistance and the adhesion of the coating.

Abstract: Aluminum substrate suitable for making lithographic plates which has been treated to render the surface hydrophilic and negatively charged and thereafter ionically colored with a cationic dye.

Abstract: The invention contemplates a highly solar-energy absorbing device wherein the surface exposed to incident solar energy is a particularly characterized roughness of an amorphous semiconductor material, the particular characterization being that of an array of outwardly projecting structural elements of relatively high aspect ratio and at effective lateral spacings which are or include those in the order of magnitude of wavelengths within the solar-energy spectrum.

Abstract: Structures for supporting printing articles in spaced aggregates as mounds and towers, for use in pulsed electrical printers, and method for their production. The structures comprise a base sheet having a roughened or microcavernous surface to receive the printing particles. The base sheet may be formed of or coated with conductive material, and may comprise a magnetizable material useful in forming and retaining the aggregates.

Abstract: Photon absorbing surfaces which are effective over a broad band of photon energies are described. These surfaces consist of a two-phase material with a protruding second phase whose dimensions are on the order of microns. Photons are absorbed by multiple reflections within the region of the protruding phase. The surfaces are produced by directional solidification of eutectic compositions to produce aligned second phase microstructures within a metallic matrix. The matrix material is then selectively removed to expose the second phase material.

Abstract: This invention is a method for forming a protective, strippable, elastomeric film on a highly reflective surface. The method is especially well suited for protecting diamond-machined metallic mirrors, which are susceptible not only to abrasion and mechanical damage but also to contamination and corrosion by various fluids. In a typical use of the invention, a diamond-machined copper mirror surface is coated uniformly with a solution comprising a completely polymerized and completely cured thermoplastic urethane elastomer dissolved in tetrahydrofuran. The applied coating is evaporated to dryness, forming a tough, adherent, impermeable, and transparent film which encapsulates dust and other particulates on the surface. The film may be left in place for many months. When desired, the film may be stripped intact, removing the entrapped particulates and leaving no residue on the mirror surface.

Abstract: An article of statuary and a decorative surface finish therefor comprises a shaped body having an outer surface, and a thin wall constructed of a ferrous metal. A plurality of brass nodules are brazed to selected portions of the outer surface in an irregular manner, and are shaped to form a rough finished surface. The remainder of the outer surface is provided with spaced, flame scorched regions, each having a variegated coloration to produce a patina effect.

Abstract: A method of deep embossing of sheet material, generally metal, is disclosed. A small scale relief pattern is first embossed across the entire sheet and thereafter a deep embossment of spaced-apart protuberances is imparted to the sheet. Both patterns in combination produce a sheet useful for reflective thermal insulation without the risk of significantly puncturing the sheet.

Abstract: A method of deep embossing of sheet material, generally metal, is disclosed. A small scale relief pattern is first embossed across the entire sheet and thereafter a deep embossment of spaced-apart protuberances is imparted to the sheet. Both patterns in combination produce a sheet useful for reflective thermal insulation without the risk of significantly puncturing the sheet.

Abstract: Superior solar energy absorption selectivity is found with blackened white brass electroplated surfaces in which the white brass contains 0.5 to 20% by weight copper, balanced zinc, which has been electroplated using certain brighteners such as 1-benzl pyridinium, 3-carboxylate and then blackened with a weak solution of nitric acid.

Abstract: A method of making aluminum castings having a self-fused high silicon content in the interior matrix near and at the surface. A sand core is coated with a tacky, low-ash, low-volatile adhesive along a predetermined zone. Silicon dust particles are deposited on said adhesive in bonded relation. Molten aluminum is cast into a mold cavity containing the coated core. After mold stripping, the silicon particles are exposed as metallurgically bonded to the aluminum but along an ultra-thin depth. At least some of the exposed silicon particles are machined to expose a planar facet and thereby increase the projected exposure of the silicon particles along the machined plane. The resulting product has a reduced shrinkage characteristic (typical of aluminum alloys having a high proportional precipitated silicon).