Abstract: A method of forming a highly-deflective surface on aluminum alloys. The, the composition comprising: cleaning a body formed from an aluminum alloy; electrobrightening the body; and desmutting the surface of the freshly-brightened body without etching. The bath comprises: 15-95 vol. % nitric acid and 1-85 vol. % acetic acid; 1-40 vol. % total water; and a source of fluoride ion supplying at least 35 grams per liter of fluoride. Ammonium bifluoride is the preferred source of fluoride.

Abstract: A bright rolled metal strip product having a surface that contains multiple microscopic raised prows formed by partial back extrusion of strip material into smooth, bowl-shaped depressions provided in a work roll surface. The prows are formed by smearing of the strip surface that results from the relative velocities of the strip and work rolls that occurs when massive reductions are taken in the thickness of the strip by the work rolls.

Abstract: A magneto-resistance device comprises a stacked structure, which stacked structure has a non-conducting substrate having a surface on which a multilayer structure is provided. The surface is furnished with a plurality of grooves which are substantially mutually parallel, each groove comprising a first and a second face. All first faces are substantially planar and mutually parallel. The constituent layers of the multilayer structure are provided in a stack upon each first face in such a manner as to be parallel thereto, the thickness of the stacks being such that each stack makes physical contact with each immediately neighbouring stack.

Abstract: An ink composition is provided for forming an ultra-thick thick film which is suitable for conducting heat laterally from a heat generating device supported on a substrate. The ink composition is formulated to enable the ultra-thick thick film to be formed as a single layer, such that only a single print, dry and fire cycle is required to form the film. Advantageously, ultra-thick thick films having thicknesses of about 125 micrometers (about 0.005 inch) and greater can be formed by a single layer of the ink composition.

Abstract: A method of making a strip product having a surface that is both bright and clean after being rolled by work rolls in a roll stand. The work rolls are polished to remove grind lines from the roll surfaces, and the roll surfaces are provided with minute, ovoid depressions having relatively shallow slopes extending in the direction of rolling, followed by steeper slopes at the opposite ends of the depressions. The depressions are created by a laser beam directed against the roll surfaces at oblique incidence to the roll surface normal during relative movement of the beam and roll surfaces. The roll surfaces are then polished to remove any roll material that is raised above the nominal surface of the rolls, the raised material being the result of melting of the roll surfaces and the deposition of roll material vaporized by the laser beam.

Abstract: A slide surface construction which is an inorganic skin film formed of an aggregate of Fe crystals having a body-centered cubic structure. The aggregate includes a large number of {222} oriented Fe crystals with their {222} planes (by Miller indices) oriented toward a slide surface. At least some of these {222} oriented Fe crystals are hexangular pyramid-shaped Fe crystals having six ridge lines. These Fe crystals having six ridge lines ensure that the oil retention of the slide surface construction can be improved, and a slide load acting on the slide surface can be finely divided.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising:a precoat layer formed on a circular glass substrate to which a texturing treatment is applied in a circumferential direction; andan undercoat film and a magnetic film formed in order on said precoat layer, whereby an axis of easy magnetization is formed so as to become a circumferential direction of a medium.

Abstract: The object comprises a glass-metal film (1) with a metal matrix (2) which has solidified in an at least partly glass-like form and which may comprise hard particles (3, 3a) in the form of primary precipitates from the molten mass. The glass-metal film (1) is provided on at least one side (4) with a top layer (5) comprising a hard material which is harder than the glass-metal film (1). The top layer (5) may be formed by a base layer (7) with embedded hard material particles (8), e.g. of diamond or cubic boron nitride, or by a homogeneous hard material, e.g. diamond-like carbon. The result is a surface quality which can be separately influenced by the composition of the alloy of the glass-metal film (1). The object may be formed either as a parting tool or as a structural part with special wear and/or sliding properties.

Abstract: A printed circuit inner-layer copper foil having inverted tear drop-shaped fine nodules formed on both surfaces of a copper foil each having surface roughness Rz=1 to 3 .mu.m, the nodules having a length of 0.6 to 1.0 .mu.m and a maximum diameter of 0.2 to 0.8 .mu.m, and a process for producing said inner-layer copper foil.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide titanium discs to be used as high-density read-while-write magnetic discs. Further object of the present invention is to provide said titanium discs coated with a non-magnetic plated layer.Titanium discs to be used as magnetic discs which satisfy the above object have the following structures: A titanium disc to be used as magnetic disc having the mean height of the peaks from the center line, R.sub.a, of 0.0002 .mu.m to 0.0060 .mu.m and pits on its surface of 25 .mu.m or less in diameter or 5 .mu.m or less in depth. Further, said titanium disc to be used as a magnetic disc is coated with a non-magnetic plated layer with a thickness of 0.09 .mu.m to 5 .mu.m. Moreover, a titanium disc that is most suitable to be used as a magnetic disc is the titanium disc provided with a plated layer of 30/100 or less in a knife-cut peeling test.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrodeposited copper foil having an elongation measured at 180.degree. C. in excess of about 5.5%, an ultimate tensile strength measured at 23.degree. C. in excess of about 60,000 psi, and a matte-side R.sub.tm in the range of about 4.5 to about 18 .mu.m. This invention also relates to a process for making electrodeposited copper foil which comprises: preparing a copper deposition bath comprising water, copper ions and sulfate ions, said bath containing less than about 20 ppm chloride ions; and applying electric current to said bath to electrodeposit copper from said bath using a current density in the range of about 200 to about 3000 amps per square foot.

Abstract: A surface of copper foil is protected from oxidation and tarnishing by electrodepositing on the surface a protective layer containing metallic zinc and one or more compound of tri-valent chromium, which protection layer is easily removable by dissolution in a dilute aqueous alkaline solution and which preferably has a zinc to chromium weight ratio of 1:1 or greater. An electrodeposited copper foil especially suited for multilayer printed circuit boards has such a protective layer electrodeposited on the matte side thereof and an electrodeposited copper bonding treatment on the shiny side thereof.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for sliding on a mating member, wherein the surface layer has metal crystals belonging to a cubic system with a crystal plane of high atomic density directed toward the slide surface and form the slide surface.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for sliding on a mating member, wherein the surface layer has metal crystals belonging to a cubic system with a crystal plane of high atomic density directed toward the slide surface and form the slide surface.

Abstract: An orthodontic band having a textured inner surface for enhancing the adhesive bonding to a tooth, wherein the textured surface is formed by photoetching a pattern of pockets, indentations, or raised portions.

Abstract: A magneto-optical recording medium has on the substrate a recording layer made of a multi-layered metallic thin film comprising a first unit layer and a second unit layer. The first unit layer is composed of (Fe.sub.x Co.sub.1-x).sub.1-y M.sub.y where M represents at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd and Au, 0.5.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.1.0, and 0.01.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.0.1. The second unit layer is composed of a% least one metal selected from the group consisting of Nd, Dy, Gd and Tb. The first and second unit layers are superimposed alternately one on another.

Abstract: An aluminium alloy sheet for various discs having good platability is described. The alloy consists essentially of 2 to 6 wt % of Mg, 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of Zn, 0.03 to 0.40 wt % of Cu, 0.01 to 0.30 wt % of Fe and the balance of Al.

Abstract: An article having a substrate is protected by a thermal barrier coating system. An interfacial layer contacts the upper surface of the substrate. The interfacial layer may comprise a bond coat only, or a bond coat and an overlay coat. The interfacial layer has on its upper surface a preselected, controllable pattern of three-dimensional features, such as grooves in a parallel array or in two angularly offset arrays. The features are formed by an ablation process using an ultraviolet laser such as an excimer laser. A ceramic thermal barrier coating is deposited over the pattern of features on the upper surface of the interfacial layer.

Abstract: A method of forming a highly reflective surface on aluminum alloys, the composition comprising (a) brightening the surface of a body formed from an aluminum alloy; and (b) desmutting the freshly brightened body in a bath. The desmutting bath comprises 10-100 volume percent nitric acid; 0-60 volume percent sulfuric acid; 0-50 volume percent water; and at least 15 grams per liter of a source of bifluoride. Ammonium fluoride is the preferred source of fluoride.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising:a precoat layer, having a thickness of 30 to 14000 .ANG., consisting of any of V (vanadium), Mo (molybdenum), NiP (nickel-phosphorus), C (carbon), Zr (zirconium) or Al (aluminum) formed on a non-magnetic, mirror-surface substrate 1, anda Cr (chromium) layer as a primer layer 3 and a Co (cobalt) alloy layer as a magnetic layer 4 laminated in order on the precoat layer 2.

Abstract: A V-band coupling for use on an explosion-proof enclosure. The V-band coupling includes a V-band having a toughened layer along its interior surfaces for gripping the flanges on the enclosure which the V-band engages when it is installed on the enclosure. The roughened layer results in an increased coefficient of friction between the V-band and flanges which is effective for reducing the load experienced by the trunnion joints of the coupling during explosion events thereby allowing the explosion-proof enclosure to withstand high internal pressures without system failure.

Abstract: A printed circuit or hybrid circuit board with a formed solder deposit on a surface mount device (SMD) pad thereon, as well as for the formed solder deposit itself. This formed solder deposit is in a defined three-dimensional well having the proper profile and a defined solder gap. The solder before forming can be solid solder or a solder paste. By the placement of a mesh on the surface of the circuit board with the solder in place on the pads, applying a slight positive pressure on a rigid or elastic surface on the other side of the mesh or on the mesh itself, and subjecting this system to a temperature just low enough to reflow the solder by means of a heat transfer fluid, then cooling the board to solidify the solder, a product results having the above properties. The duration of the application of heat and pressure is made so brief, that the laminate structure of the board and the coating thereon remain substantially unaffected.

Abstract: A metal foil for printed wiring boards comprising a first copper layer to be adhered to a resin, a second copper layer having a sufficient strength as a metal layer and a nickel-phosphorus alloy layer containing 1.1% by weight or more of phosphorus formed between the first and second copper layers is suitable for producing printed wiring boards having excellent heat resistance, particularly during production procedures.

Abstract: A slide surface construction is formed of an aggregate of Fe crystals having a body-centered cubic structure. The aggregate includes (3hh0) oriented metal crystals with their (3hh0) planes (by Miller indices) oriented toward a slide surface. The content S of said (3hh0) oriented metal crystals is set in a range represented by S.gtoreq.40%. This makes it possible to provide a slide surface construction which has a predetermined hardness and an excellent wear resistance and ensures that the wearing of a mating member having a lower hardness can be suppressed.

Abstract: Foil for covering an impression cylinder of a rotary offset printing press for first-form and perfector printing is formed of a chemically and wear-resistant rigid support layer having good ink transfer behavior and having a structured surface with statistically uniformly distributed convex and concave structural elements thereon, and a microroughness-reducing chromium layer disposed on the rigid support layer and forming a sheet-guiding outer cylindrical surface of the impression cylinder, respective peaks being formed on the convex structural elements for supporting a sheet thereon, each of the convex structural elements having an oval shape with a radius of curvature increasing from the respective peak thereof to a transition into respective concave structural elements adjacent thereto.

Abstract: A copper foil for printed circuits has a roughened layer formed on the side of the foil to be bonded to a base, the roughened layer consisting of a number of protuberant copper electrodeposits containing chromium tungsten or both. It may also have a copper plating layer covering the roughened layer and a treatment layer covering the copper plating layer and formed of either a metal selected from the group consisting of copper, chromium, nickel, iron, cobalt, and zinc, or an alloy of two or more such metals. When necessary, the copper foil may contain an anticorrosive layer including various chromate treated layers further formed on the treatment layer. The copper foil is produced by electrolyzing a raw foil as a cathode in an acidic copper electrolytic bath at a current density close to the critical density, thereby forming the roughened layer, the electrolytic bath containing 0.001-5 g/l of chromium ion tungsten ion or both.

Abstract: In order to improve the sharpness, after painting, of a steel strip and, at the same time, improve the press moldability of the steel strip, the steel strip of the present invention is characterized by having a plurality of small recessed portions transferred by means of a rolling dull roll having a protrusion composed mainly of Cr and homogeneously provided on the surface of the roll; the recessed portion having a configuration satisfying requirements of a diameter, d, of 50 to 500 .mu.m, a depth, h, of the recessed portion of 2 to 40 .mu.m and a total volume of recessed portions per mm.sup.2 of the surface of the steel strip of 0.10.times.10.sup.6 .mu.m.sup.3 or more, the center line distance, P.sub.1, between recessed portions adjacent to each other in the direction of rolling being in the range of from 1.0 d to 4.0 d, the center line distance, P.sub.2, between rows in the direction of rolling being in the range of from 1.0 d to 4.0 d.

Abstract: A surface-treated steel sheet is provided, at a low cost, which has high weldability and is useful for a material of containers of foods and beverages. The surface treatment is conducted by applying flattened granular tin coating deposits having a specified diameter and high adhesion on a steel sheet surface at a specified plated area ratio, and applying thereon a metallic chromium coating and a chromium hydrate oxide coating.In the surface treatment, firstly, the surface of a steel sheet is subjected to tin-plating in an acidic tin plating bath containing a conventionally used brightener in an amount of from 0,001 to 0.05 g/l so as to form flattened granular tin coating deposits having a diameter of 0.4-2.4 .mu. at a plated area ratio of 5 to 30% and to improve the adhesion to the steel sheet and decrease falling-off of the granular tin coating deposits until completion of chrome-plating, thereby the variation of the amount of tin coating being decreased.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for a mating member. The surface layer is formed of metal crystals belonging to a cubic system with a plane of (h00) by Miller indices directed so as to form the slide surface. The percent area A of the (h00) plane in the slide surface is set in a range of A.gtoreq.50%.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for sliding on a mating member, wherein the surface layer has metal crystals belonging to a cubic system with a crystal plane of high atomic density directed toward the slide surface and form the slide surface.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for a mating member. The surface layer has a plurality of pyramid-shaped projections protruding from a phantom plane thereby defining the slide surface along the phantom plane. The percent area A of the pyramid-shaped projections occupied in the slide surface is in a range of A.gtoreq.50%. The inclination angle .theta. of the pyramid-shaped projection formed by a line passing through its apex and the central portion of its base surface with respect to a reference line perpendicular to the phantom plane is in a range of 0.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: In a hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet exhibiting excellent press die sliding characteristics and obtained by performing a molten galvanization and then skin pass rolling on a surface of the steel sheet, a galvanized layer has a three-dimensional average surface roughness ranging from 0.7 .mu.m to 1.4 .mu.m, and a skewness (S) of the amplitude probability distribution of the surface roughness, which is defined by the following equation (1), ranging from 0.1 to -0.3:S=.mu..sub.3 /.sigma..sup.3 (1)where.mu..sub.3 : Three-dimensional moment of the amplitude probability density.sigma.: Standard deviation of the amplitude probability density.

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for a mating member. The surface layer has a plurality of pyramid shaped projections protruding from a phantom plane thereby defining the slide surface along the phantom plane. The percent area A of the pyramid-shaped projections occupied in the slide surface is in a range of A.gtoreq.50%. The inclination angle .theta. of the pyramid-shaped projection formed by a line passing through its apex and the central portion of its base surface with respect to a reference line perpendicular to the phantom plane is in a range of 0.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for a mating member. The surface layer has a plurality of pyramid-shaped projections protruding from a phantom plane thereby defining the slide surface along the phantom plane. The percent area A of the pyramid-shaped projections occupied in the slide surface is in a range of A.gtoreq.50%. The inclination angle .theta. of the pyramid-shaped projection formed by a line passing through its apex and the central portion of its base surface with respect to a reference line perpendicular to the phantom plane is in a range of 0.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer having a slide surface for a mating member. The surface layer has a plurality of pyramid-shaped projections protruding from a phantom plane thereby defining the slide surface along the phantom plane. The percent area A of the pyramid-shaped projections occupied in the slide surface is in a range of A.gtoreq.50%. The inclination angle .theta. of the pyramid-shaped projection formed by a line passing through its apex and the central portion of its base surface with respect to a reference line perpendicular to the phantom plane is in a range of 0.degree..ltoreq..theta..ltoreq.30.degree..

Abstract: A slide member includes a surface layer of a Pb alloy on a slide surface for a mating member, and the crystal form of the Pb alloy is formed such that the orientation index in a (h00) plane by Miller indices is in a range of 50 to 100%.

Abstract: A shutter for a cartridge for containing a recording medium that has excellent scratch resistance and dustproofness. The shutter is composed of a nonmagnetic corrosion resistant steel sheet containing at least about 10% by weight of Cr, and includes a front surface having a hardness (Hv) of not less than about 250 but not more than 400 and a roughness expressed as an average surface roughness (Ra) of not less than about 0.3 .mu.m but not more than 1.0 .mu.m, and a reverse surface having a roughness (Ra) adjusted to about 0.1 to 0.25 .mu.m if the reverse surface is finished as a dull surface, and adjusted to about 0.15 to 0.50 .mu.m if the reverse surface is finished by a grinding roll. The steel sheet has first and second surfaces which are to respectively constitute the outer and inner surfaces of the shutter, and which have surface roughness values corresponding to the above surface roughness values of the front and reverse surfaces of the steel sheet.

Abstract: A sintered body of titanium based carbonitride alloy containing hard constituents based on, in addition to titanium, one or more of the metals Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, No or W in 5-30% binder phase based on Co and/or Ni is disclosed. The body has a binder phase enriched surface zone with a higher binder phase content than in the inner portion of the body in combination with an enrichment of simple hard constituents, i.e., the share of grains with core-rim structure is lower in the surface zone than in the inner of the body.

Abstract: A thin copper foil for a printed wiring board comprising a copper foil supporter having a surface with a roughness; a parting payer consisting of chrome compound; a thin copper foil layer formed on the parting layer which will be attached to a board as printed wiring. A copper-nickel compound metal layer is interposed between the parting layer and the thin copper foil layer, wherein said copper-nickel compound metal layer is formed to be integral with the thin copper foil layer with a peel strength therebetween such that said copper-nickel compound metal layer will be left on the thin copper layer when the parting layer with the copper foil supporter is peeled off.

Abstract: A metal sheet for making rigid container products, and a method of making the sheet. The sheet has a fissureless surface that retains minute amounts of lubricant in generally uniformly spaced apart elongated micron-sized depressions, the depressions providing a quasi-isotropic surface texture which, in turn, provides a substantially uniform distribution of friction at the interface of the surfaces of the sheet and a tool employed to form the container products. The depressions, in addition, provide the product surface with a high degree of specular reflection of light and thus a bright surface having a high level of distinctness of an image reflected from the surface.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium which comprises a non-ferromagnetic substrate having two types of defects or irregularities formed thereon along a circumferential direction with different center line average roughnesses, on which a non-ferromagnetic metal film and a Co alloy ferromagnetic film are formed by sputtering in this order. The ferromagnetic film has such a crystal structure that a (200) plane is parallel to the surface of the substrate and a <011> orientation is toward a circumferential direction. Thus, the C axis of the ferromagnetic film is oriented toward the circumferential direction of the substrate. A method for fabricating the magnetic recording medium is also described wherein the distance between the substrate and the respective targets for the non-ferromagnetic metal film and the Cr alloy ferromagnetic film is set within a mean free path of sputtered particles and the substrate is heated to a temperature of from 150.degree. to 300.degree. C. when these films are formed by sputtering.

Abstract: In the present invention there is provided a method for producing a self-supporting ceramic or ceramic composite body by the oxidation of a parent metal to form a polycrystalline ceramic material comprising the oxidation reaction product of said parent metal with an oxidant, including a vaporphase oxidant, and optionally one or more metallic constituents dispersed throughout the polylcrystalline ceramic material. The method comprises the steps of providing at least a portion of said parent metal for establishing at least one surface of the ceramic body, and heating said parent metal to a temperature above its melting point but below the melting point of the oxidation reaction product to form a body of molten metal. At that temperature, the molten metal is reacted with the oxidant, thus forming the oxidation reaction product.

Abstract: A method of making a structure having a plurality of serrations on a surface is provided wherein each serration is positioned at a specific location along the surface, has first and second sides with specific lengths, and has effectively zero radius internal and external corners. In detail, the method comprising the steps of: providing a plurality of sheets of material having opposed principal surfaces, each said sheet having a thickness equal to the specific thickness of one of the first sides of the serrations; stacking said plurality of sheets of material in a staggered relationship such that said thicknesses of said sheets of material are in an order corresponding to the order of the first sides of the serrations and the distance between the ends of the adjacent ends of said sheets of material are in an order corresponding to the second sides of the serrations; and joining said stacked plurality of sheets of material together forming a joined stack with at least one end having a serrated surface thereon.

Abstract: A tortoise shell pattern having a circle equivalent diameter of 5 to 200 .mu.m surrounded by a dimple having a depth in the range of from 5 to 30 .mu.m is formed on the surface of a thin continuous cast plate for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of surface cracking of the cast plate. The tortoise shell pattern is formed by conducting casting while regulating the overheating temperature, .DELTA.T, of a molten metal in a pouring basin of a movable casting mold type continuous casting machine at 15.degree. C. or below.

Abstract: Mirrors are formed in an environmentally compatible and substantially pollution-free manner by a sputtering process in which a transparent substrate such as glass has first sputtered upon it a primer layer and then a reflective layer of silver or other bright reflective metal. A barrier layer is provided over the reflective layer to protect the latter from corrosive environments. If the transmittance of the reflective layer is greater than zero percent, the barrier layer includes a different bright reflective metal sufficient to reduce the transmittance of the combined reflective and barrier layers to zero percent. The mirror includes a lead free polymeric protective layer spaced further from the transparent substrate than the barrier layer. The inclusion of zinc pigment in the polymeric coating provides sulfiding protection, and the use of an outer sputtered on film of zinc or zinc oxide provides substantial adhesion thereto of the polymeric coating.

Abstract: A dense, smooth, ductile, hard, highly reflective, corrosion-resistant, temperature resistant, and wear-resistant crystalline alloy of nickel, cobalt and boron. The alloy is epitaxially electrodeposited on an activated substrate using a pulsed square wave current. The epitaxial deposition occurs in an electrolytic bath containing nickel ions, cobalt ions, complexing agents, and an amino borane compound at a moderately low pH level and moderate temperature. An insoluble, solid catalyst, preferably palladium, causes the alloy to diffuse into the surface of the substrate and become bonded by a polar-covalent bond to it. Implements coated with the alloy, as well as plating solutions and methods for making the alloy are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is disclosed a conductive and corrosion resistant steel sheet comprising a steel sheet material having an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) of 0.01 to 2.0 .mu.m, preferably, 0.2 to 1.5 .mu.m, and a coating film applied thereon and having a dry thickness of 18 to 110%, preferably 30 to 90%, of said Ra.

Abstract: A method of forming an isotropic texture having a selected summit density and surface roughness in a selected inner-diameter annular zone of a thin-film medium substrate having a polished metal coating on the substrate. The zone is selectively exposed to a chemical etchant, under etchant strength, temperature, and exposure time, until the selected summit density and roughness are achieved. In a preferred embodiment, the etching conditions are selected to produce a summit density between about 500-20,000/mm.sup.2, and an arithmetic mean roughness value between about 20-70 .ANG. in the inner zone, and a substantially reduced roughness value in an annular, isotropically textured outer-diameter zone of the coating. A thin-film medium formed on the substrate is suitable for near-contact recording.

Abstract: A ceramic chromium oxide coating produced by applying a conventional chromium oxide coating to a substrate and wholly or partly fusing the conventional chromium oxide coating by subjecting the chromium oxide coating to laser irradiation. The chromium oxide coating can optionally contain silica and/or alumina and less than 1 percent of metal.The chromium oxide coating can be employed for the internal and/or external protection of components in equipment for production and transport of oil and gas under water.

Abstract: A substrate for a magnetic disk, having fine roughness formed on its surface by subjecting aluminum or an aluminum alloy to anodic oxidation, packing pores in the anodized layer thereby formed, with a material different in the physicochemical properties from the anodized layer, and letting a plating material grow selectively by an epitaxial method.