Abstract: An anti-static, anti-reflection, transparent coating for a transpatent substrate, the coating including at least one electrically conductive layer, wherein the sheet resistance of the coating is less than about 1010 ohm/square. The coating is preferably higher transparent.

Abstract: A method of patterning magnetic material includes forming a ferromagnetic material layer containing one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni on a substrate, selectively masking a surface of the ferromagnetic material layer, and making nonferromagnetic. The making nonferromagnetic step includes exposing an exposed portion in halogen-containing reaction gas, changing magnetism of the exposed portion and a lower layer thereof by chemical reaction, and making the exposed portion a nonferromagnetic material region. A magnetic recording medium is fabricated by using the magnetic material patterning method and includes a plurality of recording regions made of ferromagnetic materials, each containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and Ni, and a nonferromagnetic material region for separating the recording regions from each other. The nonferromagnetic material region is a compound region of the ferromagnetic material and halogen.

Abstract: A ceramic member, which is usable in a state where at least a part thereof is exposed in a reactor in which halogen plasma is generated, includes a base member containing a first ceramic material, and a coating layer on a surface of the base member containing a second ceramic material more resistant to plasma etching than the first ceramic material.

Abstract: Electrochromic film with the general formula: ApBqOxXy wherein: -A is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Ni, Ir, Cr, V, Mn, Fe, W, Mo, Ti, Co, Ce, Pr and Hf; —B is one or more of the elements from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Nb, Al, Zr, Ta and Si; —O is oxygen; —X is an element from the group consisting of: H, F and N; and the ratio q/p is greater than 0.2 and less than 3.5, x is greater than 0.5(p+q) and less than 5(p+q), and y is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 2×. The film may further comprise an amount of Li, Na or K. The invention further relates to an electrochromic device comprising at least one layer of said electrochromic film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protecting film capable of preventing deterioration in adhesion and matching to a substrate (dielectric layer), and deterioration in electric insulation. The protecting film includes a film body composed of MgO or the like which is inhibited from reacting with CO2 gas and H2O gas in air to prevent degeneration of MgO or the like into MgCO3 and Mg(OH)2, etc. harmful to FPD. The film body is formed on the surface of the substrate, and the fluoride layer is formed on the surface of the film body. The fluoride layer is represented by MOXFY (M is Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, an alkali earth complex metal, a rare earth metal, or a complex metal of an alkali earth metal and a rare earth metal, 0≦X<2, and 0<Y≦4), and is obtained by reaction of a gaseous fluorinating agent with MaO or the like. As the gaseous fluorinating agent, a fluorine gas, a hydrogen fluoride gas, BF3, SbF5 or SF4 is preferably used.

Abstract: A binderless stimulable phosphor screen is provided, comprising a vapor deposited phosphor layer on a support, wherein between the support and the phosphor layer a ceramic layer is present, wherein said ceramic layer preferably comprises a mixture of pigments so that the optical density of the phosphor screen is higher for the stimulating wavelength than for the stimulated emission wavelength of the vapor deposited phosphor.

Abstract: The invention provides a UV below 200 nm lithography method utilizing mixed calcium strontium fluoride crystals. The invention includes providing a below 200 nm radiation source for producing <200-nm light, providing a plurality of mixed calcium strontium cubic fluoride crystal optical elements, with the fluoride crystals comprised of a combination of calcium strontium cations having different optical polarizabilities such as to produce an overall isotropic polarizability which minimizes the fluoride crystal spatial dispersion below 200 nm, transmitting <200-nm light through the cubic fluoride crystal optical elements, forming a lithography pattern with the light, reducing the lithography pattern and projecting the lithography pattern with the fluoride crystal optical elements onto a UV radiation sensitive lithography printing medium to form a printed lithographic pattern. The invention includes making the mixed fluoride crystals, optical element blanks thereof and optical lithography elements.

Abstract: A structure which ensures against deterioration of an underlying silicide layer over which a refractory material layer is deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is realized by first providing a continuous polysilicon layer prior to the refractory material deposition. The continuous polysilicon layer, preferably no thicker than 50 Å, serves a sacrificial purpose and prevents damage to an underlying silicide layer by blocking interaction between any fluorine and the underlying silicide that is released when the refractory material is formed.

Abstract: A process is described for depositing a copper film on a substrate surface by chemical vapor deposition of a copper precursor. The process includes treating a diffusion barrier layer surface and/or a deposited film with an adhesion-promoting agent and annealing the copper film to the substrate. Suitable adhesion-promoting agents include, e.g., organic halides, such as methylene chloride, diatomic chlorine, diatomic bromine, diatomic iodine, HCl, HBr and HI. Processes of the invention provide copper-based films, wherein a texture of the copper-based films is predominantly (111). Such films provide substrates having enhanced adhesion between the diffusion barrier layer underlying the (111) film and the copper overlying the (111) film.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composite sheet material for brazing, the composite sheet material having a structure comprising an aluminium or aluminium alloy substrate on at least one side coupled to a layer comprising a polyolefin/acrylic acid copolymer as a carrier filled with brazing flux material, and optionally also with a metal powder, in an amount sufficient to achieve brazing. The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing composite sheet material for brazing, which method comprises the steps (a) mixing the polyolefin/acrylic acid copolymer with the brazing flux material and/or metal powder, and (b) applying to at least one surface of the metal substrate a mixture of said copolymer filled with the brazing flux material and/or metal powder, in an amount sufficient to achieve subsequent brazing.

Abstract: There are provided articles coated with high-performance water-repellent films with high hardness that can withstand outdoor use, which are water-repellent film-coated articles that comprise a substrate and a water-repellent film composed mainly of silicon oxide and having a water-repellent group coated on the surface of the substrate, and are characterized by containing at least one type of metal oxide selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and boron oxide, as well as a process for preparation of such water-repellent film-coated articles at a high rate of productivity and a coating liquid composition for preparation of such water-repellent film-coated articles.

Abstract: An optical multilayer film includes: a first layer; a second layer that contains titanium oxynitride as a main component; and a third layer that contains magnesium fluoride as a main component; the first layer that has a different refractive index from that of the second layer or the third layer; and the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer being part of a laminated structure that includes a plurality of reflection planes. The thickness of the third layer is smaller than ¼ wavelength.

Abstract: A stainless steel with a passive state fluorinated film formed thereon, which is easy to construct and does not produce particles even when it is welded, and a device using the same. The stainless steel does not cause leakage even when said film is formed on a sealing surface of a joint and a valve seat surface. The stainless steel is characterized in that at least a part of the surface coated with a passive state fluorinated film not thicker than 190Å consisting of a metal fluoride as a main component.

Abstract: A cation exchanging layered material having a cation exchange capacity satisfied by ion-exchangeable organic and inorganic cations, the ion-exchangeable organic cation content of the betastructured cation exchanging layered material being in the range of from ten to ninety-five percent of the cation exchange capacity of the cation exchanging layered material. The structure of the material is unique and is defined as a “betastructure”. A nanocomposite polymer incorporating such a “betastructured” cation exchanging layered material with a polymer.

Abstract: Composition containing a chlorinated organotin derivative and a polyfluoroalkenyl compound and/or a halo polyfluoroalkenyl compound useful for CVD formation of fluorine doped tin oxide coatings.

Abstract: The invention discloses a material and an efficient method for the formation of a thermal-spray coating layer of a rare earth fluoride by a process of thermal-spray coating by using a unique thermal spray powder consisting of granules of the rare earth fluoride having a specified average particle diameter. The thermal-spray granules are prepared by granulating primary particles of the rare earth fluoride having a specified average particle diameter from an aqueous slurry containing a binder resin and subjecting the granules to a calcination treatment at a temperature not higher than 600° C.

Abstract: A porous organosilica glass (OSG) film consists of a single phase of a material represented by the formula SivOwCxHyFz, where v+w+x+y+z=100%, v is from 10 to 35 atomic %, w is from 10 to 65 atomic %, x is from 5 to 30 atomic %, y is from 10 to 50 atomic % and z is from 0 to 15 atomic %, wherein the film has pores and a dielectric constant less than 2.6. The film is provided by a chemical vapor deposition method in which a preliminary film is deposited from organosilane and/or organosiloxane precursors and pore-forming agents (porogens), which can be independent of, or bonded to, the precursors. The porogens are subsequently removed to provide the porous film. Compositions, such as kits, for forming the films include porogens and precursors. Porogenated precursors are also useful for providing the film.

Abstract: Substrates provided with a microstructured surface have a surface layer which (a) comprises a composition comprising condensates of one or more hydrolysable compounds of at least one element M from main groups III to V and/or transition groups II to IV of the Periodic Table of the Elements, at least some of these compounds containing not only hydrolysable groups A but also non-hydrolysable, carbon-containing groups B and the total molar ratio of groups A to groups B in the parent monomeric starting compounds being from 10:1 to 1:2, from 0.1 to 100 mol % of the groups B being groups B′ containing on average from 5 to 30 fluorine atoms which are attached to one or more aliphatic carbon atoms distanced from M by at least two atoms, and (b) has a microstructuring of such kind that the contact angle with respect to water or hexadecane is at least 5° higher than the contact angle of a corresponding smooth surface.

Abstract: The substrate of the invention is coated with a mesoporous film. It is characterized in that chemical molecules, especially hydrophobic/oleophobic molecules, are bonded to the mesoporous film. The invention also relates to a process for manufacturing this substrate, in which: the substrate is brought into contact with a composition formed from organic assembling groups and from a precursor for the mesoporous material; the precursor precipitates around the assembling groups and polymerizes; and the assembling groups are removed. This process is distinguished by the fact that chemical molecules, such as hydrophobic/oleophobic molecules, are then brought into contact with the mesoporous film. The invention also relates to glazing, for buildings or transportation vehicles, which includes this substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a monomode optical fiber and a monomode preform (2) having a mother preform (22) housed in an outer sleeve tube (20). It is characterized in that it also includes an intermediate tube (21) between the mother preform (22) and the outer tube (20), the intermediate tube (21) possessing viscosity at fiber-drawing temperature which is less than the viscosity(ies) at fiber-drawing temperature of the mother preform (22) and of the outer tube (20). The invention also provides a method of manufacturing a monomode optical fiber. The fiber has a core that is better centered and less deformed than in the prior art. An application of the invention lies in making an optical amplifier.

Abstract: There are provided articles coated with high-performance water-repellent films with high hardness that can withstand outdoor use, which are water-repellent film-coated articles that comprise a substrate and a water-repellent film composed mainly of silicon oxide and having a water-repellent group coated on the surface of the substrate, and are characterized by containing at least one type of metal oxide selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide and boron oxide, as well as a process for preparation of such water-repellent film-coated articles at a high rate of productivity and a coating liquid composition for preparation of such water-repellent film-coated articles.

Abstract: A solar-control glass that has acceptable visible light transmission, absorbs near infrared wavelength light (NIR) and reflects midrange infrared light (low emissivity mid IR) along with a preselected color within the visible light spectrum for reflected light is provided. Also provided is a method of producing the improved, coated, solar-controlled glass. The improved glass has a solar energy (IR) absorbing layer comprising tin oxide having a dopant such as antimony and a low emissivity control layer (low emissivity) capable of reflecting midrange infrared light and comprising tin oxide having fluorine and/or phosphorus dopant. A separate iridescence color suppressing layer as described in the prior-art is generally not needed to achieve a neutral (colorless) appearance for the coated glass, however an iridescence suppressing layer or other layers may be combined with the two layer assemblage provided by the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a surface treatment method comprising the steps of providing a treating solution containing a specific ammonium compound or aqueous ammonia, and magnesium silicofluoride, heating the treating solution to a temperature of 70 to 100° C., and soaking aluminum or an aluminum alloy in the treating solution; a piston having a surface coated with a film consisting of a mixture of NH4MgAlF6 and MgAlF5·1.5H2O or a mixture of NH4MgAlF6 and MgAl2F8·2H2O; and a sliding member made of aluminum or the like wherein the whole surface of the sliding member or the sliding surface thereof is coated with a film which consists of either of the aforesaid mixtures, has a cubic crystal structure, and shows no crystalline orientation.

Abstract: In order to improve a heat-cycling-durability of a structural body in which a nitrided material is provided on a substrate containing at least metallic aluminum, a heat-resistant structural body having a substrate containing at least metallic aluminum and a nitrided material formed on the substrate provided. The nitrided material is composed mainly of an aluminum nitride phase and a metallic aluminum phase. Preferably, the nitrided material contains at least one metallic element selected from Group 2A, Group 3A, Group 4A, and Group 4B in Periodic Table.

Abstract: A barrier layer can be provided over a photoresist film to prevent outgassing. The barrier layer can be relatively highly transmissive to radiation at the actinic wavelength. The barrier layer can be removed before the photoresist layer is developed.

Abstract: A filler wire for laser-welding an aluminum alloy is described, which comprises a base material of Aluminum-Silicon based alloy and a flux of Aluminum-Potassium-Fluorine-based composition. The amount of the flux in the base material is greater than 0 (zero) wt. % and less than approximately 1.0 wt. %.

Abstract: This invention provides film deposition method and film deposition system for depositing a halogen compound film, which are capable of depositing such a film while suppressing abuse that occurs due to deficiency of a halogen element even if the halogen element is dissociated from a film material. Specifically, the halogen compound film is deposited through a process including: evaporating a film material comprising a halogen compound by means of an evaporation source 3; ionizing the evaporated film material with a radio frequency power outputted from a radio frequency power supply unit 11 and supplied through a substrate holder 2; and causing the ionized film material to deposit on the substrate 5. In this process a bias voltage outputted from a bias power supply unit 12 and applied to the substrate holder 2 causes halogen ions dissociated from ions of the halogen compound to be incorporated into the film being deposited on the substrate 5.

Abstract: A new processed steel sheet comprising of a steel base coated with a Zn or its alloy plating layer and a converted layer, which contains both of at least an insoluble or scarcely-soluble metal compound and at least a soluble metal compound. The insoluble or scarcely-soluble compound may be one or more of valve metal oxides or hydroxides, and the soluble compound may be one or more of valve metal fluorides. The converted layer may be also composed of one or more of complex compounds of Mn and Ti. The insoluble or scarcely-soluble compound acts as a barrier for insulation of a steel base from an atmosphere, while the soluble compound exhibits a self-repairing faculty to repair defective parts of the converted layer. Due to the converted layer, the processed steel sheet is remarkably improved in corrosion resistance, without the presence of chromium compounds which would put harmful influences on the environment.

Abstract: The optical fluoride crystal treatment device of the invention includes a enclosure (12) separating the device from its external environment, heating means to heat and keep the internal volume (16) of said enclosure (12) at a predetermined temperature, at least one hollow platform (20) delimiting an internal chamber (22) whose upper wall (24) bears at least two independent diffusers (30) each delimiting a cavity (32) able to receive a unitary quantity (100) of said optical fluoride crystal substance, each of said cavities (32) communicating with said internal chamber (22) of the corresponding platform (20), a gas supply source containing said reactive gas, and means (50, 52, 54) for distributing said gas containing said reactive gas from said supply source to the inside of the internal chamber of each platform and having means (44) for regulating the pressure of said distributed gas.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to isotopically enriched optical materials and methods of producing the same. The optical materials provide high isotopic purity silica, calcium, zinc, gallium and germanium materials with increased resistance to optical damage which can be used alone or in combination with other means of preventing damage to decrease lens degradation caused by energy-induced compaction during use.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant member includes a substrate made of an aluminum-containing ceramic material and an aluminum fluorine containing film which coats at least a part of a surface of the substrate. The aluminum fluorine-containing film, which is formed by directly contacting the substrate with a fluorine-containing compound, has a thickness of 0.01-5.0 &mgr;m. The substrate contains silicon in an amount of not more than 0.5% by weight when calculated as silicon dioxide. Thereby, changes in weight due to corrosion can be decreased and generation of particles can be further controlled upon exposure to a corrosive halogen gas.

Abstract: Dangling bonds of silicon atoms tend to take place in silicon oxide grown on a silicon wafer due to oxygen deficiency; hypofluorous acid is introduced into the silicon oxide so that the hypofluorous acid reaches the dangling bonds through diffusion; the hypofluorous acid is decomposed into fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups, and the fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups deactivate the dangling bonds of silicon atoms; even if electric charges are injected into the silicon oxide, the deactivation is never broken so that the silicon oxide layer is stable and highly reliable.

Abstract: An anodized magnesium piston including a head and skirt for an internal combustion engine. The piston includes a non-fiber-reinforced, magnesium-based alloy including up to 2.5 percent by weight rare earth metals. The piston further includes an external surface, at least a portion of which has a base layer of magnesium fluoride, magnesium oxofluoride, magnesium oxide or a mixture thereof electrochemically anodized thereto.

Abstract: An oxide superconductor article is provided having an oxide superconductor film having a thickness of greater than 0.5 microns disposed on a substrate, said article having a transport critical current density (Jc) of greater than or equal to about 105 A/cm2 at 77K, zero field. The oxide superconductor film is characterized by high Jc and high volume percent of c-axis epitaxial oxide grains, even with thicknesses of up to 1 micron.

Abstract: In order to provide an antireflection film of a wide wavelength bandwidth excellent in environment resistance performance in the ultraviolet wavelength region, the antireflection film is constructed in four-layered, or five-layered, or six-layered structure, using Al2O3 for high-index layers and AlF3 or MgF2 for low-index layers. Vacuum evaporation, sputtering, or CVD is used for formation of the antireflection film.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an optical unit having elements (6, 7) which are juxtaposed without an air gap therebetween. The two elements (6, 7) are joined by wringing the same to each other. At least one element (7) is of crystalline material and has an amorphous inorganic layer (70) on the side thereof facing toward the other element (6). The invention is also directed to a method of preparing an element made of crystalline material, such as a fluoride, as well as a method for making a thin optical element of the crystalline material.

Abstract: A member used within a plasma processing apparatus and exposed to a plasma of a halogen gas such as BCl3 or Cl2 is formed from a sintered body of metals of Group IIIa of Periodic Table such as Y, La, Ce, Nd and Dy, and Al and/or Si, for example, 3Y2O3·5Al2O3, 2Y2O3·Al2O3, Y2O3·Al2O3 or disilicate or monosilicate, and in particular, in this sintered body, the content of impurity metals of Group IIa of Periodic Table contained in the sintered body is controlled to be 0.15 wt % or more in total. Specifically, for this member, an yttrium-aluminum-garnet sintered body having a porosity of 3% or less and also having a surface roughness of 1 &mgr;m or less in center line average roughness Ra is utilized.

Abstract: An anti-corrosion ceramic member having a substrate made of a ceramic material, a surface layer made of a fluoride and formed on the substrate, and an intermediate layer formed between the substrate and the surface layer and having the ceramic material of the substrate and the fluoride.

Abstract: A base member made of a metal in which aluminum is included, ceramics in which an aluminum element is included, or a composition member constructed by a metal in which aluminum and ceramics are included, is provided in a container in which a solid fluorine compound such as NaHF2 is filled. Then, the container is heated at a temperature higher than a decomposition temperature of the solid fluorine compound. After that, the base member is subjected to a heat treatment with the decomposed gas of the solid fluorine compound to form a fluoride layer on a surface of the base member. In this manner, it is possible to obtain an anti-corrosion member which shows a high corrosion property with respect to the corrosion gas of halogen series and its plasma, particularly with respect to chlorine gas and its plasma.

Abstract: A multi layer interference coating comprising at least one multi layer stack deposited on a reflective layer (9), wherein each multi layer stack comprises a first dielectric layer (11), a layer of asbsorbing material (10) and a second layer of dielectric material (11) arranged in series and having a reflectance spectrum in the infrared region comprising at least one maximum. The dielectric layers are of equal optical thickness and typically are of the same material. The multi layer structure of the coating is such that incident electromagnetic radition, for which odd multiples of half wavelengths correspond to the optical thickness of the multi layer coating at the incident wavelength do not propagate within the coating and reflection at these wavelengths, is suppressed. Coatings may therefore be designed to have a near satured color in the visible wavelength spectrum. The reflective layer may be a metal or a conducting oxide, a conducting nitride, a conducting silicide or a conducting sulphide.

Abstract: A rare earth fluoride phosphor favorably employable for the incorporation into a radiographic intensifying screen has the following formula (I) or (II): (Gd1−xLnx)F3·aMX  (I) LnF3·aMX:yA  (II) in which Ln is Y, La or Lu; M is Na, K, Cs or Rb; X is F, Cl, Br or I; A is Ce, Tb or Bi; and a, x and y numbers satisfying the conditions of 0<a≦0.03 and 0≦x≦0.1, 0<y≦0.1, respectively.

Abstract: A first layer is disposed on the principal surface of a substrate. An adhesive layer made of Si containing fluorocarbon is disposed on the first layer. A second layer is disposed on the adhesive layer. One of the first and second layers is made of a material selected from a group consisting of a material whose main component is Si containing inorganic material, a metal, and an inorganic metal compound, and the other is made of an organic insulating film. Tight contactness of the organic layer to the layer whose main component is inorganic material can be improved.

Abstract: A calcium fluoride crystal in which the light transparency does not deteriorate with consecutive irradiation by high output short wavelength light over long time periods. A calcium fluoride crystal in accordance with the present invention has an internal transmittance of 70% or more for light of a 135-nm wavelength or more. A calcium fluoride crystal contains any one of strontium, aluminum, silicon and magnesium, with the strontium content ranging from 1 ppm to 600 ppm, the aluminum content ranging from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, the silicon content ranging from 1 ppm to 50 ppm, or the magnesium content ranging from 1 ppm to 10 ppm. A calcium fluoride crystal has an internal transmittance of 70% or more for light of a 135-nm wavelength or more and contains 1 ppm or less of La and 10 ppm or less of Y. An optical system for an excimer laser in accordance with the present invention comprises a lens comprising any calcium fluoride crystal set forth above.

Abstract: An anti-corrosion ceramic member having a substrate made of a ceramic material, a surface layer made of a fluoride and formed on the substrate, and an intermediate layer formed between the substrate and the surface layer and having the ceramic material of the substrate and the fluoride.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the manufacture of reinforced composites. This method provides a process that allows for the direct mixing of discontinuous reinforcement such as wet chopped strands of glass fiber or continuous reinforcement such as glass strands, with an aqueous suspension of a solution polymerized polymer, such as polyvinyl chloride. The process results in a cost-effective means for reinforcing polymers such as PVC while simultaneously substantially improving properties such as impact strength, stiffness, and moldability without the need for a binder.

Abstract: A rolled product of metal with at least one structured surface with light spreading structure. The structured surface exhibits a groove-type pattern in the form of a series of circular arc lengths that runs in the roiling direction and is wave-like in cross-section. The maximum angle of inclination of a tangent to the circular arc lengths with respect to a plane defined by the surface is 1 to 15°, and the radius of the arc lengths is between 0.1 and 20 mm.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave filter for a plasma display panel which is effective in preventing incorrect actions of a remote control of appliances, comprising a transparent substrate, a light transmitting electromagnetic wave shield film, and a resin protective film, wherein the electromagnetic wave shield film is a 7-layered laminate in which a dielectric layer and a metal layer containing silver as the principal ingredient are laminated alternately with the dielectric layer being the first to be provided on the transparent substrate, the dielectric layer has a refractive index of 1.6 to 2.8 at 550 nm, and the metal layer containing silver as the principal ingredient contains 0.1 atomic % or more and less than 0.5 atomic % of palladium based on silver and has a thickness of 5 to 25 nm, whereby the electromagnetic wave shield film has a sheet resistance of 3 &OHgr;/□ or lower and a near infrared transmission of 20% or lower at 850 nm.

Abstract: A wear-resistant component comprises a workpiece having a coating comprising at least one crystalline layer comprising metal boride and at least one amorphous layer comprising metal and boron. The amorphous layer can further comprise one or more of carbon, nitrogen, halogen, or hydrogen. Preferably, the coating comprises a plurality of composite layers, each composite layer comprises a crystalline titanium diboride layer and an amorphous layer comprising metal and boron. The wear-resistant component has a wear rate of 3.5×10−6 mm3/nm, which is about 250 times lower than that of an uncoated component.

Abstract: The present invention provides unified multilayer films having at least one layer that includes a flame retardant film layer. In preferred embodiments the flame retardant film layer is an internal layer. In particularly preferred embodiments of the present invention, multilayer films include flame retardant layers alternating with non flame retardant layers. In other preferred embodiments, multilayer films include alternating layer of different flame retardant materials.

Abstract: A hologram forming layer, transparent evaporated layer, colored layer, adhesion anchor layer, and adhesive layer are sequentially laminated on the under surface of a base member. The laminated body is used as a seal by the presence of the adhesive layer. It is preferable for the base member to have adequate rigidity (flexibility, tensile strength) and surface flatness. The hologram forming layer has a relief type hologram image. The transparent evaporated layer is a multi-layered ceramic layer constructed by alternately laminating high-refractive index layers and low-refractive index layers and the thickness thereof is preferably set to 1 &mgr;m or less. In the transparent evaporated layer, the color of visible light in predetermined wavelength range is changed according to the viewing angle when it is transmitted therethrough or reflected therefrom.