Abstract: A removable modular energy pack may include a first housing, and one or more energy cells. The modular energy pack may also include a processing system that aggregates power from the plurality of energy cells, and a first interface that communicates a status of the modular energy pack to a second housing. The modular energy pack may further include a second interface that transmits the aggregated power to the second housing, and a thermal material enclosed in the first housing. A thermal material may be arranged in the housing adjacent to the plurality of energy cells to transfer heat away from the plurality of energy cells and to transfer the heat to the second housing.

Abstract: A secondary battery including an electrode assembly; a can accommodating the electrode assembly; a cap assembly sealing the can; a first insulation member on a side of the electrode assembly, the first insulation member having an opening exposing at least a portion of a bottom surface of the electrode assembly; and a second insulation member on a bottom of the can and facing the bottom surface of the electrode assembly, the second insulation member having an area corresponding to an area of the opening in the first insulation member.

Abstract: A metal-air battery includes a battery cell module which generates electricity through metal oxidation and oxygen reduction, a buffer tank which fluidly communicates with the battery cell module and has an internal pressure higher than an internal pressure of the battery cell module, and a first fluid intermittent portion which controls a flow of fluid from the battery cell module to an outside of the battery cell module, based on predetermined open and close periods.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a metal-air battery capable of, in particular, properly discharging produced gas externally, and performing rapid water supply. A metal-air battery according to the present invention is characterized by including a unit body including a plurality of metal-air battery cells; a water supply space provided on a top surface of the unit body and is common to the metal-air battery cells; and a wiring opening which communicably connects with the water supply space and from which wires connected to electrodes of the metal-air battery cells are drawn out. A tubular portion having the wiring opening projects from the top surface of the unit body.

Abstract: A light bulb apparatus has a plurality of LED modules, a substrate, a driver circuit board, a plastic piece, a radiator and a lamp cap. The substrate has aluminum material for mounting the plurality of LED modules, a first connection end and a second connection end. The first connection end and the second connection end is electrically connected to the plurality of LED modules. The plastic piece with a guiding groove is used for inserting the driver circuit board. The radiator has a top plate and a side wall. The substrate is fixed on the top plate, and the side wall are connected to the plastic piece.

Abstract: A biasing mechanism for pressurizing an electrolytic solution of a reserve battery cell, the biasing mechanism containing a compressed spring and a trigger operatively associated with the compressed spring. The trigger is configured to release the compressed spring to pressurize the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: An air cathode battery is provided that uses a zinc slurry anode with carbon additives. The battery is made from an air cathode and a zinc slurry anode. The zinc slurry anode includes zinc particles, an alkaline electrolyte, with a complexing agent and carbon additives in the alkaline electrolyte. A water permeable ion-exchange membrane and electrolyte chamber separate the zinc slurry from the air cathode. The carbon additives may, for example, be graphite, carbon fiber, carbon black, or carbon nanoparticles. The proportion of carbon additives to zinc is in the range of 2.5 to 10% by weight. The proportion of alkaline electrolyte in the zinc slurry is in the range of 50 to 80% by volume.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a starch-based battery system. The starch-based battery system uses a rheological and replaceable starch gluten electrolyte that generates colloidal starch gel adhesive contacted with and/or attached on electrodes to generate current for powering electronic devices. The starch-based battery system that includes control circuit and standard cap module replaces a conventional dry cell battery or is integrated with electronic devices to power, for example, flash-light, lighting ornaments or magnetic actuated motion products and toys. In other embodiments of the invention, the starch-based battery system is integrated into a device for attracting aquatic life forms in an aquatic environment, wherein the starch-based battery powers a light source and/or sound source and also the starch gluten electrolyte acts as bait for attracting aquatic life forms within the aquatic environment.

Abstract: The submersible according to the invention comprising an electrochemical battery activated by an electrolyte, designed to produce the electrical power for powering said submersible, the electrochemical battery comprising: an electrochemical cell (3) for producing electrical power, a tank (4) for containing the electrolyte, means (7) for reducing the flow of the electrolyte between the electrochemical cell (3) and the tank (4), said flow-inducing means including an axial flow pump axially arranged in the tank and including a motor-driven wheel rotatably mounted in a diffuser, is characterized in that the wheel of the pump is not asymmetric.

Abstract: An activation mechanism for a reserve battery cell generally includes a housing with a chamber containing an electrolytic solution and a delivery device configured to discharge the electrolytic solution from the housing. The delivery device includes a compressed spring configured to be released in response to an external force to initiate the discharge of the electrolytic solution from the housing.

Abstract: A reserve battery that is activated via a low energy mechanical force. The reserve battery generally includes a battery case having an electrolyte compartment at a first end and an electrode compartment at a second end, a first terminal having an external button connected to the case at the first end, and a second terminal connected to the case at the second end. A movable ampoule is movably positioned within the electrolyte compartment. A bias member is located within the case between the external button and the ampoule and a porous cutter is positioned within the case between the electrodes and the ampoule and supported by an inverted U-shaped support structure. When an external force is applied to the external button, the bias member transfers an internal force to the ampoule to cause the ampoule to engage the cutter and allow the electrolyte to release thus activating the battery.

Abstract: A battery having an electrode with at least one nanostructured surface is disclosed wherein the nanostructured surface is divided into cells and is disposed in a way such that an electrolyte fluid of the battery is prevented from contacting the portion of electrode associated with each cell. When a voltage is passed over the nanostructured surface associated with a particular cell, the electrolyte fluid is caused to penetrate the nanostructured surface of that cell and to contact the electrode, thus activating the portion of the battery associated with that cell. The current/voltage generated by the battery is controlled by selectively activating only a portion of the cells. Multiple cells can be active simultaneously to produce the desired voltage. The more cells that are active, the higher the current/voltage and the lower the overall life of the battery. The life of the battery can be extended by activating fewer cells simultaneously.

Abstract: A reserve battery including a dual-purpose fill port member that also operates as a battery activation mechanism. The reserve battery includes a frangible barrier positioned inside a case. The frangible barrier divides the case into a first compartment holding cell electrodes and a second compartment capable of holding an electrolyte in isolation from the first compartment. Positioned in the second compartment proximate to the frangible barrier is a fill port member that is movable in response to an applied force for rupturing the frangible barrier. The fill port member also has a fluid passageway for use in transferring an amount of the electrolyte to the second compartment. The dual purpose of the fill port member is that it efficiently uses the available space and permits the design and production of a more compact reserve battery for use in space-limited applications, such as artillery shells.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell systems are disclosed herein that are capable of selective ionic isolation, oxidant isolation, oxidant removal, moisture control, and combinations thereof. Selective ionic isolation is generally effectuated by selectively eliminating or minimizing ionic communication between an anode and a cathode of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a metal air electrochemical cell, which generally includes an anode metal fuel material that may be infused into a container. The container may comprise a metering device, such as a toothpaste-like container, a syringe-like container, a caulking tube type container, a disposable condiment-like container, etc. These metering devices facilitate dispensing of a quantity of the metal fuel paste into a suitable structure generally including a cathode, a separator, and current collectors.

Abstract: A high temperature battery of one or more cells is disclosed in which each cell is made by holding an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, of different metallic substances, together through a fused flux wetted to an electrode, which fused flux is an electrolyte, to make an anode-to-cathode contact, and the anode-to-cathode contact is heated, by a heat source, to a high temperature above a threshold temperature to generate voltaic voltage, in excess of any thermoelectric voltage; such batteries with electrodes of various configurations are disclosed. The heat-activated flux and electrolyte, such as borax, may have, vegetable-growth ashes or chemical constituents of ashes, such as lithium carbonate, added to the heat-activated flux and electrolyte to catalyze or improve the current-generating capability of the battery. The preferred anode substance is aluminum, and the preferred cathode substance is copper.

Abstract: Printed electrochemical cells including both power cells and display cells are arranged in a partially assembled condition to extend shelf life of the cells. The partially assembled condition is also used as a switching mechanism for controlling activation of some of the cells. The active components of the cells include two electrodes and an electrolyte layer that is maintained out of contact with at least one of the electrodes for interrupting an ionically conductive pathway between the electrodes. The electrolyte is preferably an electrolytic adhesive that is protected by a release layer until the cells are needed for service.

Abstract: A high temperature battery of one or more cells is disclosed in which each cell is made by holding an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, of different metallic substances, together through a fused flux wetted to an electrode, which fused flux is an electrolyte, to make an anode-to-cathode contact, and the anode-to-cathode contact is heated, by a heat source, to a high temperature range above a threshold temperature to generate voltaic voltage, in excess of any thermoelectric voltage; such batteries with electrodes of various mechanical configurations are disclosed. The flux, such as borax, may have powdered, vegetable-growth ashes or powdered chemical constituents of ashes, such as lithium carbonate, added to the flux or to the electrolyte to catalyze or improve the current-generating capability of the battery. The preferred anode substance is aluminum, and the preferred cathode substance is copper.

Abstract: The electro-chemical apparatus for generating direct current comprises two flat and thin stainless steel tapes (30,30') representing anode and cathode respectively owing to the anode strip being covered with an anode material such as lithium. The tapes are wound of a first pair of spaced apart reels (31,31') at identical linear velocity and their inside surfaces are brought into a close relationship while the tapes are moved through the gap between two graphite block collectors (12.12') which are urged onto the tape outsides. After having passed the collectors the tapes are separated again and wound up on a second pair of spaced apart reels (32,32'). Before entering the gap between the collectors an electrolyte (22), such as thionyl chloride in a paste condition is evenly applied to the inside surface of one of the tapes.

Abstract: A reserve, energy sourced, or deferred action battery in which each battery cell is provided a separate reservoir containing the necessary electrolyte fluid for that cell. A simple design is then possible as the electrolyte fluid is stored in close proximity to the battery cells when needed at the time of activating the battery. A combination of two electrolyte fluids may be used that react exothermically when mixed together at the time of activation thereby producing heat. The production of heat allows the battery to activate at existing cold ambient temperatures that would otherwise render the reserve battery without sufficient operating power. The invention also provides an activation system which ensures reliable activation of the battery and ensures that the battery is not is subject to unintended activation.

Abstract: A high temperature rechargeable electrochemical cell which comprises a housing containing an anode separated from a cathode by a solid electrolyte separator. The separator is a hollow operatively upright electrode holder defined, in cross-section, by a plurality of peripherally spaced radially outwardly projecting lobes. The operatively lower end of the electrode holder is closed off and the electrode holder has at its operatively upper end a closure having an opening smaller than its cross-sectional dimension. A metallic current collector is disposed in said electrode holder. The current collector is inserted, in a first inoperative configuration, into the electrode holder through the closure opening, and thereafter extended into the lobes of the electrode holder, so that it assumes a second operative configuration in which it has a shape of larger cross-section than the opening.

Abstract: The galvanic battery of the present invention supplies the anode and/or cathode from an elongated strip of flexible tape preferably interconnected through a strip of inactive material functioning as a leader for said tape and for separating the tape entering the electrochemically active compartment of the battery housing from spent tape exiting the electrochemically active compartment. The battery is preferably constructed to include a supply reel having a rotatable core upon which said strip of tape is wound in a cylindrical configuration with the inner winding of tape extending from said core and being threaded through said electrochemically active compartment before being connected back into the electrochemically inactive compartment and wound as the outer winding around the core of the supply reel.

Abstract: A calculator includes a shell defining two slots. The calculator uses a switch and a power supply. The switch includes two tubular portions projecting therefrom and being slidably received in the slots so that the switch can be moved between ON and OFF positions. The power supply uses a plate defining two apertures. Two screws are inserted through the apertures and secured in the tubular portions, thus joining the switch with the plate for retaining the switch on the shell. A casing is received in the shell so that the plate is enclosed in the casing. At least one container is formed on the casing and defining an inlet through which aqueous solution of salt can be filled into the container and an outlet through which the casing is in fluid communication with the container. At least one pair of positive and negative electrodes is attached to the plate. At least one absorber is received in the casing.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-cell, sealed, cooled, zinc-oxygen battery, comprising a container containing a plurality of bi-cells, each cell having a housing provided with two major surfaces and accommodating a pair of oppositely-disposed, spaced-apart, air-permeable, liquid-impermeable cathodes in the form of oxygen-reduction electrodes, and defining between themselves a cavity configured to accommodate an anode of the battery and electrolyte, substantial portions of the major surfaces of the housing being removed, thus exposing major portions of the oxygen-reduction electrodes, and wherein two major surfaces are partly recessed in such a way as to form, in conjunction with a similarly-recessed outer surface of a major wall of an adjacent cell housing, an inter-cathode gas space between adjacent cells with a plurality of oxygen access openings leading thereto; an anode positioned within the cavity and comprising an active zinc anode component compacted into a rigid static bed of active anode material of ti

Abstract: A charge-retention battery includes in a cover a plurality of reservoirs corresponding to the cells of the battery. The cover has the lateral dimensions of a conventional battery case and shortened sides. Minimum length transfer tubes run between the reservoirs and the cells, through the lid of the battery. The tubes fit between adjacent battery plates, with only slight modification of the plates required. To remove electrolyte from the cells and prevent self-discharge, inert gas under pressure is fed to the cells. The gas forces the electrolyte from the cells, through the transfer tubes and into the reservoirs. To place battery in service, the gas is released and electrolyte flows from each of the reservoirs, through the transfer tubes to the associated cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical battery with mobile electrodes of the so-called "reserve" type. According to one characteristic of the invention, the battery includes a holder for holding the electrodes outside the cells during a storage period of the battery, and for placing these electrodes inside the cells in order to activate the battery.

Abstract: A storage battery structure is disclosed including electrodes which are moved relative to each other during operation. The electrodes also have areas that are both different in size, with ratios that are variable. The battery structure includes a first electrode which is fixed in a container. An electrolyte material is also included in the container. A second electrode is moved past the fixed electrode in the container and battery action such as discharge occurs between proximate areas of the first and second electrodes. A third electrode may be provided in the container to recharge the second electrode as areas of the second electrode are moved past the third electrode at the same time that other areas of the second electrode are being discharged at the first electrode. Furthermore, the ratio of the third electrode area to the first electrode area is much larger than 1, resulting in a recharge time that is much faster. The improvement in recharge speed is given by that area ratio.

Abstract: An auxiliary battery having a casing divided by a partition member, defines a first compartment, for initial receipt of an electrolytic medium, and a second compartment for subsequent receipt of the electrolytic medium. A valve assembly is disposed within the partition member to selectively pass the electrolytic medium into the second compartment, into contact with electrodes disposed therein, enabling the generation of an electrical current when desired.

Abstract: A portable, direct current electric generator uses a salt water solution as an electrolyte. An outer housing in the form of an open-topped, rectangular box is provided, and an inner housing having a compartment for receiving the salt water electrolyte is placed within the outer housing. A space is provided between at least one of the walls of the inner housing and a wall of the outer housing, and provision is made to supply air to this space. The inner housing member has an aperture in the side facing the air space, and an air cathode member is secured in this aperture. The air cathode member is air-permeable, but is impervious to water on the side facing the air space. A metal anode, preferably made of magnesuim, aluminum, or a magnesium-aluminum alloy, is removably secured to a removable cover placed over the open top of the inner and outer housing members to extend into the salt water solution within the inner housing member.

Abstract: The present invention provides in-situ electrolyte storage for batteries. The size of the reserve battery is significantly smaller due to the placement of an elastomeric sealed container within the interelectrode space of the battery. The sealed container contains the electrolyte. When punctured, the electrolyte flows out of the sealed container and into the electrode space. Substantially simultaneously, the elastomeric sealed container shrinks back allowing the electrolyte to flow into the interelectrode space allowing for the reaction. Preferably, the sealed container is made of elastomeric material that is flexible yet with good memory. This will allow the sealed container to shrink back to a small size when punctured. In addition, the sealed container should have have a low permeability to the electrolyte so as to minimize the amount of electrolyte that escapes from the sealed container while the electrolyte is being stored.

Abstract: An activatable electrochemical battery implementing lithium/oxyhalide couples.The present invention relates to an activatable lithium/SOCl.sub.2 or lithium/SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 primary battery in which means are provided for eliminating leakage currents and means are provided for controlling the temperature rise during discharge.Thus, each electrochemical element is enclosed, in a sealed insulating housing constituted by a bottom, a cover, and a spacer constituting its side wall. The terminals of the elements are plates of nickel enabling heat to be dissipated into a heat-conducting resin.

Abstract: A deferred action battery in which activation is initiated by rotating one part of the battery (the rotor) with respect to a second part of the battery (the stator). A liquid electrolyte is stored within a chamber in the rotor, and a cathode mix is stored in a chamber in the stator. A rotor port leads to the rotor chamber and a stator port leads to the stator chamber. Prior to activation, the rotor and stator ports are misaligned and sealed, but rotation of the rotor with respect to the stator aligns the ports and permits the liquid electrolyte to flow from the rotor chamber through the rotor port, the stator port and into the stator chamber where it mixes with the cathode mix to activate the battery. In a second preferred embodiment, resilient spheres located between the rotor and the stator seal the rotor ports initially, but are rolled out of sealing engagement when the rotor is rotated to initiate activation of the battery.

Abstract: A deferred action battery in which activation is initiated by rotating one part of the battery (the rotor) with respect to a second part of the battery (the stator). A liquid electrolyte is stored within a chamber in the rotor, and a cathode mix is stored in a chamber in the stator. A rotor port leads to the rotor chamber and a stator port leads to the stator chamber. Prior to activation, the rotor and stator ports are misaligned and sealed, but rotation of the rotor with respect to the stator aligns the ports and permits the liquid electrolyte to flow from the rotor chamber through the rotor port, the stator port and into the stator chamber where it mixes with the cathode mix to activate the battery. In a second preferred embodiment, resilient spheres located between the rotor and the stator seal the rotor ports initially, but are rolled out of sealing engagement when the rotor is rotated to initiate activation of the battery.

Abstract: A reserve or deferred action battery stores electrolyte about a collapsed llows in a separate chamber sealed from the cell compartments by a rupturable disk. Compressed gas for expanding the bellows and expelling the electrolyte is contained within a rigid spiral tube within the bellows. A frangible end of the tube is broken off by initial expansion of the bellows when the disk is ruptured and permits the electrolyte to flow into the cell compartments and generate electrical energy.

Abstract: A deferred-action battery having a rotor in the form of a sealed annular chamber capable of holding an electrolytic solution and a stator capable of holding a carbon rod, cathode mix, separator, a bottom insulator and an anode, the top of the stator being complementary with the bottom of the rotor, such that the outer generally cylindrical surfaces of the stator and the rotor may be gripped by hand and twisted or rotated with respect to each other, rupturing the bottom of the rotor to activate the battery, is disclosed.

Abstract: Selected saturated organic polymers having multiple ether linkages are useful in at least partially passivating the electrochemical reaction occurring at the reactive metal anode of an electrochemical cell using an aqueous electrolyte.Useful polymers are characterized as having a molecular weight in the range of about 100 to 1000 Daltons, as being at least partially miscible with the aqueous electrolyte, chemically inert with respect to the anode, cathode and electrolyte, and having an atomic ratio of carbon in the polymer to oxygen in the ether linkages of about 1 to 5:1.

Abstract: An electric storage battery is provided wherein the electrolyte is transferred under pressure of an inert gas to a reservoir for containment during periods of non-use of the battery. The inert gas also serves to blanket the battery electrodes during such non-use periods, preventing oxidation while not exposed to electrolyte. Thus, there is no discharge of the battery during even prolonged periods of non-use and on return of the electrolyte to the battery cells the battery is in ready condition for use at relatively full charge.

Abstract: A replaceable electrode primary battery utilizing hollow zinc anodic electrodes and hollow nickel oxide cathodic electrodes immersed in a potassium hydroxide electrolyte solution. The electrodes are arranged in stacks formed by electrically conducting guides contacting the outer surfaces of the spherical electrodes, the respective guides forming the battery anode and cathode. Fresh electrodes are added to the top of the stack from a supply of electrodes, causing a spent electrode to be ejected from the bottom of the stack. The ejected electrode floats to the surface of the electrolyte solution and is collected in a holding compartment. The spent electrodes may be reused by electroplating the appropriate material on the outer surface of the spherical shell. The battery finds particular utility with electric vehicles where electrodes may be dispensed from conventional filling stations.

Abstract: A rechargable electrochemical cell has a negative electrode; a positive electrode spaced therefrom; an electrolyte solution in which portions of said negative and said positive electrodes are immersed; a flexible housing means whereby said electrodes and electrolyte solution are housed; a means whereby said flexible housing may be crimped or bent such that said crimping or bending restricts or prevents altogether the free flow of electrolytic ions from said negative electrode to said positive electrode or from said positive electrode to said negative electrode; a third electrode means on one side of the portion of said flexible housing which may be bent or crimped but spaced therefrom, said third electrode means being spaced proximate to but electrically insulated from said electrolyte solution; and a fourth electrode means on the side of the bendable portion of said flexible housing which is opposite that side occupied by said third electrode means, said fourth electrode means being spaced proximate to but e

Abstract: An electrochemical storage cell device provides fluctuating voltage and current to a load to be driven. A plurality of the electrochemical storage cell devices may, when initially charged up, be used to provide alternating current and alternating voltage to a load to be driven. The alternating current and voltage are produced by the selective control of ion passage within the electrochemical storage cell.

Abstract: The use of lithium hexafluroarsenate dissolved in acetronitrile as an electrolyte in a reserve electrochemical cell having a lithium anode, a sulfur dioxide depolarizer and a means for maintaining the electrolyte and depolarizer remote from the anode prior to activation.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell pack consisting for instance of opposite polarity electrodes and alternate interposed separator is spirally wound by (a) attaching a thin flexible leader tab having a folded end to the cell pack, (b) curling the folded end of the leader tab in a spiral manner, (c) bringing a winding mandrel next to the thus formed curl and rotating the mandrel in the direction of the curled tab to thereby uncurl the leader tab and engage its folded end into a peripheral receiving portion of the mandrel, and (d) further rotating the mandrel to form the spiral wound cell pack. The described winding method is particularly suitable for spirally winding under firm stack pressure relatively small diameter cell packs such as may be required in rechargeable alkaline battery cells. The stack pressure achieved by the winding method is maintained by inserting a retainer in the axial void of the cell pack.

Abstract: A reserve activated electrochemical cell in which a reservoir containing a quantity of electrolyte is placed within an outer cylinder and is biased to force the reservoir to a predetermined active position. Restraining means are provided to restrain the reservoir in a second or reserve position remote from the active position. Upon removal of the restraining means the reservoir is moved to an active position and cell activation begins. Also included is an electrolytic cell to operably connect with the reservoir and valve means are provided between the cell and the reservoir to permit flow of electrolyte from the reservoir into the cell under pressure.