Abstract: Additives to electrolytes that enable the formation of comparatively more robust SEI films on silicon anodes. The SEI films in these embodiments are seen to be more robust in part because the batteries containing these materials have higher coulombic efficiency and longer cycle life than comparable batteries without such additives. The additives preferably contain a nitrate group.

Abstract: A portable object includes a case forming a housing inside which is arranged a device that requires air to operate, and a closure device including at least one permeable element. The closure device is arranged to provide impermeability to liquids while allowing the atmosphere inside the housing to communicate with the external atmosphere. The case comprises a recess in which a through opening is made, the recess being closed by the closure device. The closure device includes a permeable module mounted to move such that, in a gaseous environment, the permeable module is in a rest position allowing gases to penetrate the case opening through the permeable module, and in a liquid environment, the permeable module is in an operating position in which gases and liquids are blocked. The permeable module comprises a tubular support at the end of which is fixed a membrane.

Abstract: A silicon-based anode comprising silicon, a carbon coating that coats the surface of the silicon, a polyvinyl acid that binds to at least a portion of the silicon, and vinylene carbonate that seals the interface between the silicon and the polyvinyl acid. Because of its properties, polyvinyl acid binders offer improved anode stability, tunable properties, and many other attractive attributes for silicon-based anodes, which enable the anode to withstand silicon cycles of expansion and contraction during charging and discharging.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery including an electrode assembly the electrode assembly being fastened with a rectangular or square fixing tape applied to cover the end of the coil, the side of the fixing tape in contact with the electrode assembly including self-adhesive portions having a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a non-adhesive portion having no pressure-sensitive adhesive, the self-adhesive portions being disposed at both ends of the non-adhesive portion in the direction of the width of the fixing tape so that the non-adhesive portion is interposed between the self-adhesive portions, the battery satisfying 0.9?Wb/Wa?1 and 0.35?Wc/Wa?0.8 wherein Wa is the height of the electrode assembly, Wb is the width of the fixing tape and Wc is the width of the non-adhesive portion.

Abstract: An electronic device having an interior volume, the electronic device including a sealing mechanism to prevent ingress of water into the interior cavity. The sealing mechanism having a channel having a first opening at an external environment and a second opening that leads to the interior volume, a membrane that covers the second opening, the membrane being air permeable and water resistant such that the membrane allows air to pass and prevents passage of water up to an upper pressure threshold, a stopper mechanism, and a diaphragm comprising a surface arranged to receive an external water pressure and that is air and water impermeable, the diaphragm being coupled to the stopper mechanism that deflects in response to the water pressure such that the diaphragm actuates the stopper mechanism and seals off the channel from at the first opening preventing water pressure at the membrane from exceeding the upper pressure threshold.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the reliability of contacting the conductive layers in a laminated electrochromic device structure is disclosed (FIG. 7). The laminate structure (10), typically fabricated in the form of a sheet, comprises: two polymer substrates (21, 22); two conductive layers (31, 32)—one arranged on each substate—and facing each other; an electrochromic layer (41) and a counter-electrode layer (42) each arranged on different conductive layers; and an electrolyte layer (50) interposed between the electrochromic layer and the counter-electrode layer. Either an incision with an undulating cutting depth or perforations of predetermined sizes, depths (through at least most of one substrate) and separations are prefabricated along a desired tear line in the structure (step 220)—once the final shape of the device is defined—to facilitate the tearing away of the one polymer substrate to reveal the conductive layer to be contacted on the underlying substrate.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a battery assembly include a first housing shell, a second housing shell, an insulator and battery components. The first housing shell has a first perimeter side wall, a first housing bottom, and a first contact area on the first housing bottom. The second housing shell has a second perimeter side wall, a second housing bottom, and a second contact area on the second housing bottom. The second housing shell is disposed in the first housing shell with the second contact area opposing the first contact area. The insulator is interposed between the first housing shell and the second housing shell to effect electrical insulation between the first housing shell and the second housing shell. The battery components include an anode electrode, a cathode electrode, and a separator interposed between the cathode electrode and the anode electrode. The separator contains an electrolyte.

Abstract: A lithium-air electrochemical cell is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium, a lithium alloy or a porous material capable of adsorption and release of lithium and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode, an ionic liquid capable of supporting the reduction of oxygen and a dissolved concentration of potassium superoxide. A lithium ion concentration in the cathode compartment is low in comparison to the concentration of potassium ion.

Abstract: This invention relates to the formation of standby structural composite electrical energy storage devices, and a method of producing same. The device may be a standby battery or supercapacitor with first and second electrodes which are separated by a separator structure, wherein the device contains an electrolyte retained in a reservoir. The use of at least one valve allows the addition, removal of electrolyte fluids, and venting of any outgassing by products.

Abstract: An apparatus for delivering electrical power to an electrically powered medical device includes a battery, a first compartment, and a second compartment where the second compartment can hold the first compartment and the first compartment can hold the battery. A sterile space is defined between the first compartment and the second compartment. The first compartment and the battery may be selectively electrically coupled with the electrically powered medical device such that the first compartment does not compromise the sterility of the electrically powered medical device.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a starch-based battery system. The starch-based battery system uses a rheological and replaceable starch gluten electrolyte that generates colloidal starch gel adhesive contacted with and/or attached on electrodes to generate current for powering electronic devices. The starch-based battery system that includes control circuit and standard cap module replaces a conventional dry cell battery or is integrated with electronic devices to power, for example, flash-light, lighting ornaments or magnetic actuated motion products and toys. In other embodiments of the invention, the starch-based battery system is integrated into a device for attracting aquatic life forms in an aquatic environment, wherein the starch-based battery powers a light source and/or sound source and also the starch gluten electrolyte acts as bait for attracting aquatic life forms within the aquatic environment.

Abstract: A rechargeable molten salt electrolyte battery has an anode comprising lithium, a cathode electrode comprising a conductive metal that is compatible with the nitrate melt, an electrolyte comprising lithium nitrate or lithium nitrate mixtures with other nitrates which electrolyte is capable of becoming an ionic conductive liquid upon being heated above its melting point, wherein oxygen for reaction at the cathode or within the melt is provided from an external source to be delivered to the cathode through the electrolyte and provision is made to collect lithium oxide formed during discharge to be reconstituted as lithium ions and oxygen during recharge. At least a portion of the oxygen reduction reaction is provided by a nitrate ion pathway.

Abstract: A biasing mechanism for pressurizing an electrolytic solution of a reserve battery cell, the biasing mechanism containing a compressed spring and a trigger operatively associated with the compressed spring. The trigger is configured to release the compressed spring to pressurize the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A system and method for improving electrochemical power sources through the dispensing encapsulation and dispersion into galvanic chambers of an electrochemical cell. Features of the method include the optimization of the concentration levels of chemicals involved in desired energy producing reactions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reserve battery having an all solid state thin film battery (5). The reserve battery includes: a housing (1) made of a conductive material; an insulation coating (2) formed on the inner surface of the housing (1); an all solid state thin film battery formed in the housing; a switching System (3) disposed between the housing (1) and the all solid state thin film battery; and an external (6) terminal electrically connected to the all solid state thin film battery, for externally providing electrical connection through the opened surface of the housing. The reserve battery overcomes disadvantages of a general reserve battery using an electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a cathode chamber configured to store a gel cathode and an anode chamber configured to store a gel anode. A cathode dispensing channel is in fluid communication with the cathode chamber and allows at least a portion of the gel cathode to be dispensed. An anode dispensing channel is in fluid communication with the anode chamber and allows at least a portion of the gel anode to be dispensed. A portion of the gel cathode and a portion of the gel anode come into contact upon being dispensed to form an active battery that can be used to generate an electrical current.

Abstract: A system and method for improving electrochemical power sources through the dispensing, encapsulation and dispersion into galvanic chambers of an electrochemical cell. Features of the method include the optimization of the concentration levels of chemicals involved in desired energy producing reactions.

Abstract: An on demand power device which allows users to selectively choose the desired voltage/current/power and/or amp-hour (A/H) capacity output from among a range of output available within the power device. This device relates to batteries used as long-term stand-by or back-up power sources such as for emergency use with a motor vehicle, during camping, vehicle starting/towing, and for power consumer electronics such as mobile phones or a global positioning systems. This device also relates to batteries for usages on water, underwater, on land, under land, in the air or in space which require power at discrete intervals.

Abstract: Provision of an extension-type battery pack which is improved in safety thereof against dropping and impact application. Although a battery pack is susceptible to damage caused by an impact since partial battery cells are located outside the outline of a notebook PC when it is mounted on the notebook PC, the battery pack is provided with a partition wall structure including an air space and a fireproof wall formed of a material which does not melt at a temperature of combustible gas discharged from a gas discharge valve of the respective battery cells. The material of the fireproof wall is preferably mica or the like. The partition wall structure can be provided between an inside battery compartment and an outside battery compartment of the battery pack or can be provided among other battery cells. This prevents fire spreading to other battery cells even if high-temperature combustible gas is discharged from a battery cell damaged by an impact or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus and method in which a delayed carbonate electrolyte is stored in the storage areas of a non-electrolyte matrix fuel cell component and is of a preselected content so as to obtain a delayed time release of the electrolyte in the storage areas in the operating temperature range of the fuel cell.

Abstract: Provision of an extension-type battery pack which is improved in safety thereof against dropping and impact application. Although a battery pack is susceptible to damage caused by an impact since partial battery cells are located outside the outline of a notebook PC when it is mounted on the notebook PC, the battery pack is provided with a partition wall structure including an air space and a fireproof wall formed of a material which does not melt at a temperature of combustible gas discharged from a gas discharge valve of the respective battery cells. The material of the fireproof wall is preferably mica or the like. The partition wall structure can be provided between an inside battery compartment and an outside battery compartment of the battery pack or can be provided among other battery cells. This prevents fire spreading to other battery cells even if high-temperature combustible gas is discharged from a battery cell damaged by an impact or the like.

Abstract: An apparatus that comprises a membrane having a plurality of fluid-support-structures and openings located between the fluid-support-structures. The fluid-support-structures have at least one dimension that that is about 1 millimeter or less. The apparatus also comprises a wicking material positioned adjacent to a surface of the membrane. When a fluid locatable on a surface of the fluid-support-structures penetrates the fluid-support-structures, at least a portion of the fluid passes through the openings and into the wicking material.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium secondary battery comprising a controlled-release capsule which continuously releases a desired amount of additives necessary for electrolytes or electrodes at a constant level and is included in an electrolyte and/or an electrode material, thereby providing inherent effects of additives while simultaneously minimizing adverse side reactions of surplus additives, consequently optimizing the battery performance.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reserve battery having an all solid state thin film battery (5). The reserve battery includes: a housing (1) made of a conductive material; an insulation coating (2) formed on the inner surface of the housing (1); an all solid state thin film battery formed in the housing; a switching System (3) disposed between the housing (1) and the all solid state thin film battery; and an external (6) terminal electrically connected to the all solid state thin film battery, for externally providing electrical connection through the opened surface of the housing. The reserve battery overcomes disadvantages of a general reserve battery using an electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A method of activating a micro-cell in which the micro-cell includes a first compartment, a second compartment, a fluid in the first compartment, an element in the second compartment and a porous barrier separating the first compartment from the second compartment. The porous barrier, in a first state, is operable to prevent the fluid from entering the second compartment whereas the porous barrier, in a second state, is operable, in response to an event, to allow the fluid to enter the second compartment and interact with the element in the second compartment so as to generate an activation signal.

Abstract: A conformable battery wherein the outer casing has an upper face plate, a lower face plate, and at least one perimetric wall, and an interior of the battery comprising a grid of walls extending from the upper face plate to the lower face plate and connecting to the at least one perimetric wall, thereby dividing the interior of the battery into at least two compartments and increasing the battery's structural stiffness and ability to sustain increased internal pressure. Each compartment contains an electrochemically active plate stack, and a network of electrical conductors provides electrical connection between the plate stacks in each of the compartment. The battery may further comprise a reservoir containing an acid additive which, when released into each of the compartments, shifts the battery from a low power mode into a high power mode.

Abstract: A system and a method of storage and dissolution of solid catholyte are provided. The system and the method employ a solid medium having a controlled surface from which solid catholyte particles suspended within a matrix of encapsulating species are dissolved and hydrolyzed producing hydrogen peroxide to be used in semi fuel cells of undersea vehicles. Encapsulating species are also dissolved and hydrolyzed rendering products completely usable in the semi fuel cell. Sodium peroxide is preferably used as the solid catholyte and potassium superoxide and/or sodium hydroxide are preferably used as encapsulating species.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell systems are disclosed herein that are capable of selective ionic isolation, oxidant isolation, oxidant removal, moisture control, and combinations thereof. Selective ionic isolation is generally effectuated by selectively eliminating or minimizing ionic communication between an anode and a cathode of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: The battery pack of the invention comprises an outer case, a battery main body disposed within the outer case, and a heat-sensitive current blocking element mounted on the outer surface of the battery main body. On the inner surface of the outer case is provided a press portion for pressing the heat-sensitive current blocking element against the outer surface of the battery main body. In this arrangement, even when the battery pack is given vibration or impact, the heat-sensitive current blocking element can be kept retained in close contact with the outer surface of the battery main body. Accordingly, the heat generated in the battery main body can be rapidly and surely transferred to the heat-sensitive current blocking element, making sure that thermal runaway of the battery is prevented.

Abstract: A rod-shaped coupler for connecting a current collector to a terminal pin, is described. The coupler is secured to the entire width of the current collector, preferably the cathode in a cell of a case negative design, and is generally aligned along the longitudinal axis of the electrode assembly. An extension portion of the coupler extends beyond the electrode assembly and is of a hollow, tubular structure crimped or otherwise collapsed into surrounding contact with the terminal pin. The coupler and terminal pin are then welded together. Preferably, the terminal pin is roughened prior to effecting the connection. This method of attachment is suitable for either primary lithium or secondary lithium ion cells, particularly those powering implantable biomedical devices.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell including a cathode, an electrolyte in ionic contact with the cathode, and an anode in physical contact with the electrolyte, wherein the anode contains a controlled release anode composition that includes at least a first anode active material and at least a first controlled release agent in physical contact thereto for tentatively isolating the first anode active material from the electrolyte in the beginning of a cell operation for a delayed reaction of the first anode active material. Preferably, the anode further contains an initial-stage anode active material in direct contact with the electrolyte. Such a controlled release anode can be used in a variety of electrochemical cells including metal-air batteries, such as a zinc-air battery, for an extended period of operating time.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved semi-fuel cell and an improved cathode used therein. The semi-fuel cell stack comprises a housing, an anode within the housing, a porous cathode within the housing, an aqueous catholyte within the housing, an aqueous anolyte stream flowing in the housing, and a membrane for preventing migration of the catholyte through the porous cathode and into the anolyte stream. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the catholyte comprises an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, the anolyte comprises a NaOH/seawater solution, and the membrane permits passage of OH? ions while inhibiting the passage of hydrogen peroxide. The membrane is attached to a surface of the cathode or alternatively, impregnated into the cathode.

Abstract: To compliment the drawback of the conventional large-size reserve battery cell inapplicable to a small electronic system, disclosed is a super-slim reserve battery cell sized merely several millimeters in its entirety including micro-size battery elements sized about several ?m by using a micro-machining technology of processing mechanical structures in a super-slim size. The present invention realized electrolyte container and other battery elements by using materials such as silicon, nickel, copper, aluminum, etc. to form a membrane structure of relatively thinner thickness than the periphery in an electrolyte container contiguous with the battery cell that is broken only when activating the cell. Therefore, it is possible to activate the battery cell with less power while securing sufficient impact-resistant characteristics under normal circumstances.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell systems are disclosed herein that are capable of selective ionic isolation, oxidant isolation, oxidant removal, moisture control, and combinations thereof. Selective ionic isolation is generally effectuated by selectively eliminating or minimizing ionic communication between an anode and a cathode of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: This auxiliary battery can help main battery which is exhausted temporarily and can help to start up immediately. We can use only just button instead of jump cable so save effort and does not need to make hand dirty for business man wearing suit to go to do their business.

Abstract: As activatable battery for an electronic artillery fuse includes an ampoule filled with an electrolyte, and an activation device for rupturing the ampoule in response to the application of an impulse of predetermined minimum magnitude. The activation device includes a timing mechanism for increasing the duration for which the impulse must be applied in order to enable the rupturing to occur, thereby increasing the safety of the fuse.

Abstract: A storage cell battery includes at least one cell having an enclosure containing an electrode assembly impregnated with an electrolyte and including at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode and at least one separator disposed between the electrodes. The cells are housed in a common container provided with a first orifice. A safety device includes an anomaly detector, a storage tank containing a non-inflammable gas under pressure and connected to the first orifice, and a control system in the form of a pyrotechnic mechanism for controlling the admission of the gas into the common container.

Abstract: Printed electrochemical cells including both power cells and display cells are arranged in a partially assembled condition to extend shelf life of the cells. The partially assembled condition is also used as a switching mechanism for controlling activation of some of the cells. The active components of the cells include two electrodes and an electrolyte layer that is maintained out of contact with at least one of the electrodes for interrupting an ionically conductive pathway between the electrodes. The electrolyte is preferably an electrolytic adhesive that is protected by a release layer until the cells are needed for service.

Abstract: Electrochemical cell systems are disclosed herein that are capable of selective ionic isolation, oxidant isolation, oxidant removal, moisture control, and combinations thereof. Selective ionic isolation is generally effectuated by selectively eliminating or minimizing ionic communication between an anode and a cathode of the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A display system includes a printed display formed on a substrate and a printed battery in electrical communication with the printed display. The printed display provides power to the printed display. Since both the display and battery are printed, the resulting display system is extremely thin and the manufacture thereof is reliable and inexpensive. The display system contemplates various types of printed displays such as an electrochromic display, a thermochromic display, an electroluminescent display, or an electrophoretic display.

Abstract: A mechanically rechargeable air-metal source of current having one or more non-consumable gas diffusion positive electrode(s), one or more consumable negative metal electrode(s), an electrolyte based on water solutions of salts and/or bases and a housing enclosing the positive electrode(s) and the negative electrode(s), to create an inter-electrode gap, together with the electrolyte. The current source has a first unit, comprising a first body with the negative electrode(s), together with at least one first conduit for connecting to and distributing ambient air, at least one second conduit for distributing the electrolyte, and at least one third conduit for collecting reaction products in cooperation with the first conduit and the second conduit. Further, the current source has a second unit, comprising the negative metal electrode(s) and the electrolyte.

Abstract: Electrochemical displays have electronic or ionic pathways between electrodes interrupted to control activation. Electrochemical erosion of one of the electrodes reveals an underlying graphic image. Game assemblies are constructed by dividing electrochemical components between a main substrate and one or more mounting pieces that can be assembled on the main substrate to activate the display cells.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprising a first electrode and a second electrode, an electrolyte, and a dopant associated with the electrolyte, wherein the dopant comprises a reservoir for controllably releasing salt into the electrolyte. The dopant further comprises means for controllably regulating internal pressure of the electrochemical cell as well as means for substantially precluding dendrite formation within the electrochemical cell.

Abstract: A battery has an outer casing, an electrolyte located within the outer casing, an additive located within the outer casing and separated from the electrolyte, and a power mode increasing device located within the outer casing. The battery operates in a low power mode. The power mode increasing device combines the electrolyte and the additive causing the battery to operate in a high power mode. The power generated by the battery operating in the high power mode is greater than the power generated by the battery operating in the low power mode.

Abstract: Printed electrochemical cells including both power cells and display cells are arranged in a partially assembled condition to extend shelf life of the cells. The partially assembled condition is also used as a switching mechanism for controlling activation of some of the cells. The active components of the cells include two electrodes and an electrolyte layer that is maintained out of contact with at least one of the electrodes for interrupting an ionically conductive pathway between the electrodes. The electrolyte is preferably an electrolytic adhesive that is protected by a release layer until the cells are needed for service.

Abstract: A battery cell of extended shelf life, which has a separate electrolyte storage tank having screened outlet ports, which tank is mounted within another container to define an annulus therebetween, which annulus defines a passageway to a screened outlet port and thence to a battery cell, is provided. The screens are of fine mesh size which pass electrolyte therethrough but due to the surface tension of the electrolyte entrained therein, block the passage of gas therethrough and thus separate the two. Such battery is dormant until the electrolyte is expelled from the storage tank through the annulus, through the conduit and into the battery.

Abstract: A method of reducing the discharge rate of a battery while providing a desired current comprising the steps of incrementally controlling the amount of one or more activating gases provided to an energy storage means, and providing an energy level responsive to the selectable amount of said one or more activating gases.

Abstract: A reserve activated electrochemical cell in a battery embodiment uses a tubular electrolyte storage compartment arranged in a concentric spiral having similar diameter turns thereof located on a common axis. The tubular spiral is assembled concentrically with a battery plate stack container in a volumetrically efficient package with a first end of the spiral having an outwardly projecting flange located adjacent to one wall of the stack container. An intermediate annular spacer is located between the flange and the wall of the stack container to provide a fluid-tight seal therebetween, to define a fluid channel therethrough and to separate different materials forming the stack container and the electrolyte storage spiral. A first rupturable diaphragm is attached with a fluid-tight seal across the inner diameter of the first end of the tubular spiral facing the battery stack to maintain hermeticity therein.

Abstract: A battery capable of extended operation at high temperature includes a cell of laminated construction utilizing a solid oxidant cathode, an electrolyte element, a catalyst and a gas impermeable separator sheet providing an anode for the cell, with each element in electrical connection with the next. The solid oxidant is a mixture including powdered manganese dioxide, carbon and caustic material, the electrolyte element is a mixture including powdered magnesium oxide, and a binder, pressed into a solid pellet and soaked with caustic material. The cell further has a porous carbon paper substrate in electrical contact with the gas impermeable separator sheet and the catalyst is platinum dispersed on and adhered to the substrate. A source of hydrogen gas is provided, and when the battery is exposed to the hydrogen gas, a voltage is generated.

Abstract: An activatable electrochemical battery implementing lithium/oxyhalide couples.The present invention relates to an activatable lithium/SOCl.sub.2 or lithium/SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 primary battery in which means are provided for eliminating leakage currents and means are provided for controlling the temperature rise during discharge.Thus, each electrochemical element is enclosed, in a sealed insulating housing constituted by a bottom, a cover, and a spacer constituting its side wall. The terminals of the elements are plates of nickel enabling heat to be dissipated into a heat-conducting resin.