Abstract: A reserve activated electrochemical cell uses a frangible glass ampule for storing an electrolyte. The ampule is located within a first cylindrical cup-shaped metal housing containing a pair of cell electrodes. One of the electrodes is formed by an electrically conductive ring electrically isolated from the wall of the housing while the other electrode is constituted by an electrically active coating on an inner surface of the wall of the housing. The first cylindrical housing is arranged to form a contiguous extension of a second cylindrical metal housing and is attached by an electrically conductive weld bead located along a peripheral edge of an open end of the cup to the second housing to form a fluid-tight seal therewith while facilitating an electrical connection to the first one of the electrodes. An electrical connection to the other one of the electrodes is provided by a wire extending through a fluid-tight seal in a wall of the second housing and connected to the other electrode.

Abstract: A replaceable low-cost reserve battery is easily activated by twisting a knob. Charging is accomplished inside the vehicle through use of the cigar lighter circuit. A hook is provided to both lock the activating knob and support the reserve battery during the charging process, which will take approximately 10 minutes. Means to regulate and visually indicate the delivery of current is provided to prevent excessive current from blowing the fuse in the cigar lighter circuit.

Abstract: A fluid control apparatus for selectively providing a stored fluid to a working environment for the fluid includes a container for storing the fluid. The container is arranged as a metal thimble with longitudinal score lines evenly spaced about its diameter. A weight is attached to one end of the thimble to provide a force on the thimble in a longitudinal direction as a result of a corresponding acceleration of the thimble. The scoring lines produce stress concentrations and serve to weaken the thimble in its radial direction. The longitudinal force produced by the weight during acceleration results in a collapse of the thimble and a rupture of the walls of the thimble along the score lines to produce exit orifices for the fluid stored in the thimble. In one embodiment of the present invention, the fluid is an electrolyte, and the fluid control apparatus is used in a reserve activated battery housing to store the electrolyte until the acceleration induced collapse of the thimble.

Abstract: A small quantity of bromine (0.1 to 1 m/liter of electrolyte) is added to the electrolyte of an activatable Li/SO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 battery. This small amount of bromine acts as a catalyst, not as a depolarizer. Considerable improvement is thus obtained in the electrical performance of the battery.

Abstract: A reserve or deferred action battery stores electrolyte about a collapsed llows in a separate chamber sealed from the cell compartments by a rupturable disk. Compressed gas for expanding the bellows and expelling the electrolyte is contained within a rigid spiral tube within the bellows. A frangible end of the tube is broken off by initial expansion of the bellows when the disk is ruptured and permits the electrolyte to flow into the cell compartments and generate electrical energy.

Abstract: A reserve cell has a cylindrical housing with a closed end. A cylindrical battery stack is located within the housing, surrounding a cell component container and separated from the closed end by a channeled ring. A disc is located with the ring for transmitting pressure from the closed end of the container.

Abstract: An electrochemical reserve cell includes a cylindrical housing a concentric arrangement of a liquid cell component container, a metal anode, a porous separator, and a porous carbon element. The metal anode is cylindrical with a spiral slot extending between its ends and is pressed into a perforated anode support cylinder having adjacent edges welded together. The anode and anode support structure are interlocked together.

Abstract: A reserve cell has cylindrical electrodes surrounding a cell component container, all in a cylindrical housing. A shim has a circular groove accepting one end of an electrode and a socket holding one end of the container. The outer edge of the shim abuts the inner wall of the housing. This arrangement maintains spatial relationships of the cell.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has a generally cylindrical battery stack comprised of disc-shaped components including alternating first polarity electrodes and second polarity electrodes. Adjacent first polarity electrodes are coupled by ring-shaped coupling members. The coupling members are made of porous metal which allows the passage of a liquid cell component from a central well into the battery stack.

Abstract: A reserve battery cell which includes a battery cell housing, an anode and cathode collector, and a reservoir housing which includes a quantity of electrolyte which, when applied to the anode and cathode collector, cause the battery to generate an electric current through an external load. Burst discs are located proximate the extremities of the reservoir housing. The upstream burst disc is capable of rupturing upon the application of sufficient externally applied pressure while the downstream burst disc is capable of rupturing upon the application of sufficient hydraulic pressure exerted thereon by the electrolyte. The piston is located within the reservoir housing which establishes the upstream boundary of the electrolyte and which is capable of traveling down the reservoir housing upon the application of an externally applied pressure and which is characterized as preventing electrolyte from leaking around the piston and any substantial amount of gas from entering the electrolyte through the piston body.

Abstract: A deferred-action battery having a rotor in the form of a sealed annular chamber capable of holding an electrolytic solution and a stator capable of holding a carbon rod, cathode mix, separator, a bottom insulator and an anode, the top of the stator being complementary with the bottom of the rotor, such that the outer generally cylindrical surfaces of the stator and the rotor may be gripped by hand and twisted or rotated with respect to each other, rupturing the bottom of the rotor to activate the battery, is disclosed.

Abstract: In a reserve battery initiator a unitary moulded ampoule (10) containing an electrolyte comprises two portions conjoined by a mechanically weak section (11). The ampoule (10) may be ruptured by a striker (3) which is released when the initiator is subjected to sufficient an accelerative force to overcome a detent mechanism. The ampoule may also contain an insert (12) to transmit to the weak section the force imparted by the striker. The insert (12) may additionally have a cutting effect on the weak section (11). Conveniently the insert is in the form of a frustrum with a narrow end contiguous with the inner face of the ampoule at the location where the striker (3) impacts and a wide end contiguous with the inner face of the weak section (11).

Abstract: A nickel-aluminum dry charge reserve battery has at least one electrode containing a nickel hydroxide containing active battery material, and at least one aluminum electrode, with a storage reservoir containing electrolyte nearby, and a means to transfer the stored electrolyte to the electrodes.

Abstract: A reserve type electrochemical cell has its liquid cell component left separate in a rupturable envelope separate from the battery stack. The envelope is located within a sleeve in a well at the center of the battery stack. Piercing means are arranged in recesses along the side of the sleeve. If the cell is spun about its axis, the liquid cell component forces the part of the envelope into the recesses where it is ruptured, thereby discharging the liquid cell component into the battery stack.

Abstract: A remote reservoir for automatically dispersing a liquid electrolyte mixt into the cells of a battery upon activation.

Abstract: A novel composite cathode for use in electrochemical lithium reserve cells comprising a self-supporting structure or a grid-supported structure of porous carbon, a binder and a transition metal oxide. Such cathodes are prepared by slurrying porous carbon, possibly with graphite, with a binder, applying to a support, drying, applying a transition metal nitrate or hydrate of such nitrate, and decomposing said nitrate. Reserve cells comprising such cathodes are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to an activateable battery (1) comprising a container of electrolyte (2) which when activated is pressed down over a tap (11) adapted to the container. During the moving of the container down over the tap (11) electrolyte (21) is pressed out of the container (2) and via cell openings (14) into cells (13). The container tightens the cell openings (14) in its lower end position. The battery is enclosed under vacuum. According to the invention an activateable battery is obtained which not need any rotation and which may contain several separate battery cells. Such a battery is useable within the ammunition field and especially in grenade thrower ammunition and ammunition which is controlled in its final phase (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A reserve battery of electrochemical cells employing several housing sections of conductive material stacked in a series arrangement with insulation at the points of connection. Each two adjacent housing sections form a chamber. Each chamber contains anode members in contact with one of the housing sections forming the chamber and cathode members in contact with the other of the housing sections forming the chamber. A central conduit through the stack of housing sections is formed by inner walls of the housing sections. Holes in these walls provide passageways from the conduit into the chambers. To activate the cells an electrolytic solution stored in a reservoir is forced into the conduit and through the passageways into each chamber. A series of one-way valves along the conduit physically and electrically seal off the solution in each chamber from that in every other chamber. Thus, each chamber contains an activated electrochemical cell with the cells connected in series to provide a battery.

Abstract: A reserve battery having a plurality of galvanic cells and a series of ports through which electrolyte can flow into the cells. A spring activated valve opens the ports during periods of angular acceleration of the battery and closes the ports when there is no acceleration.

Abstract: A battery activate assembly having an enclosed box with multiple cavities d a storage area. A valve is attached to the lid of the box for connection to a vacuum pump. Each cavity has a needle nozzle projecting beyond the box for connection to tubing which is adapted to be attached at the other end to an individual battery cell. A knife edge is provided in each cavity to pierce the membrane of an electrolyte bottle when inserted into the cavity to allow the electrolyte to flow from the cavity through the needle nozzle and tubing into the battery cell.

Abstract: A detector for liquid media has a swelling body which in the presence of the liquid expands to break open an ampule of electrolyte solution under pressure, enclosed in a rubber sheath together with a dry-charged galvanic element. The electrolyte enters the galvanic element, which starts producing electric current, thereby signalling presence of liquid.

Abstract: A battery apparatus is provided which includes a plurality of modules which re mounted end-to-end in a stacked pile configuration. Each module contains a plurality of bipolar electrodes. One end of each module has a flexible bladder for storing an electrolyte. The bladders in a collapsed condition provide spacing between the modules for cooling. Each module has a passageway for communicating electrolyte from the bladder to the bipolar electrodes. A device seals each passageway from the respective bladder in one mode of operation and is actuated by pressure on the bladder to open the passageway in another mode of operation. With this arrangement pressure on the bladders will distribute electrolyte into each module and the bladders will collapse to provide a cooling space between the modules.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells operable in a reserve-activated mode and capable of high discharge rates and capacity comprise an active anode material, a solid non-consumable inert cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising an electrochemically reducible inorganic oxyhalide or thiohalide solvent and a Lewis acid dissolved therein, the Lewis acid being the sole additive solute in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell includes a device for reactivation of the cell after long periods of storage time. The device includes a movable diaphragm embedded in the cover portion which is coupled to an ampule having retained therein the activation material. The ampule is in close proximity with the anode and cathode elements immersed in the electrolyte and upon movement of the diaphragm the ampule is caused to release the reactivation material contained therein.

Abstract: This invention relates to a delay action battery, containing an electrolyte ealed and retained externally to the battery case in order to prevent premature activation due to exposure to excessive heat and or crush forces.

Abstract: A centrally-activated deferred-action silver-zinc battery has a central well defined by a stack of electrodes and separators each having a central hole. Isolating washers are placed around the central holes of each metal sheet and include recesses which provide curved channels for conveying electrolyte from the well towards the electrodes. The restricted cross-section and extended length of these channels ensure a greater electrical resistance to leakage currents which flow between couples via the electrolyte during activation. Pyrotechnic means are provided to activate the battery by rupturing a fragible partition and rapidly forcing electrolyte from an isolated compartment via the rupture in the partition into the well and from thence via the curved channels to spaces provided between electrodes of opposite polarity.

Abstract: A battery package for storing an electric battery in unactivated condition and for quickly activating the battery, comprising a tube of flexible material having first and second ends, a first seal extending transversely across the tube and closing the first end, a second seal extending transversely across the tube and closing the second end, a medial seal extending transversely across the tube at a location between the first and second end seals and forming a first chamber and a second chamber, an electrolyte contained within the first chamber, and a pair of electrodes mounted in the second end seal and extending into the second chamber, said medial seal sealing the electrolyte from the electrodes for storing the battery in unactivated condition, said medial seal being weaker than said first and second seals, whereby the battery may be activated by squeezing the tube to rupture the medial seal and transfer the electrolyte from the first chamber into the second chamber to make contact with the electrodes.

Abstract: Electrochemical energy cells are disclosed. The energy cells are basically reserve-type batteries in which the electrolyte is separated from the electrodes until the battery is ready for use. In a first embodiment, the battery is a cylindrical battery in which the electrolyte is stored in a frangible envelope inside the battery case and above the electrode structure. Means are provided to break the envelope holding the electrolyte to permit the electrolyte to flow into the electrode cavity. The anode and cathode are designed to permit free flow of the electrolyte. In a second embodiment, the battery is also cylindrically shaped but is formed in a very thin or short cylinder. In this second embodiment the electrolyte is stored in a frangible envelope in the center of the battery casing. Again, means are provided to break the frangible envelope so that the electrolyte can flow into the electrode cavity and activate the battery.