Abstract: In accordance with at least selected embodiments or aspects, the present invention is directed to improved, unique, and/or complex performance lead acid battery separators, such as improved flooded lead acid battery separators, batteries including such separators, methods of production, and/or methods of use. The preferred battery separator of the present invention addresses and optimizes multiple separator properties simultaneously. It is believed that the present invention is the first to recognize the need to address multiple separator properties simultaneously, the first to choose particular multiple separator property combinations, and the first to produce commercially viable multiple property battery separators, especially such a separator having negative cross ribs.

Abstract: A chambered frame insert (2) for an electrolyte chamber of a battery (200) includes a plurality of ribs (4) laterally and defining a plurality of chambers (6), and a plurality of voids (8) each formed in a corresponding rib and configured to allow gas to travel between the plurality of chambers. The plurality of ribs are angled with respect to a horizontal lateral axis (H) of the frame insert.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sheath material for secondary battery including a moisture permeation preventing layer, a protective layer disposed on the first surface of the moisture permeation preventing layer wherein the protective layer includes a functional layer having a plurality of patterns and a resin layer disposed on the second surface of the moisture permeation preventing layer, and a secondary battery including the same.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an elementary gas electrode electrochemical cell of metal-gas type, configured to be integrated into an electrochemical assembly module of a system for storing energy and including: an electrochemical core including at least one negative electrode and at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode as a gas electrode and at least one positive electrode as a metal electrode or vice versa, the process including: producing the electrochemical core of the cell by winding, folding, and/or stacking a plurality of layers including at least one negative-electrode layer, one positive-electrode layer, and one electrolyte layer, and forming gas flow spaces channeling the gas to the one or more gas electrode layers.

Abstract: An external battery pack for protecting against a battery fire or battery explosion, said battery pack connectable to an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) typically mounted in an aircraft. The external replaceable battery pack has a protective metal enclosure and a removable metal cover. The box includes an aluminum honeycomb grid core mesh with passages, each sized to receive a single battery and a pair of printed circuit boards on top and bottom to receive battery power, voltage and current, from multiple batteries for use with an ELT. By using smaller and more batteries together, the possibility of a catastrophic failure is greatly eliminated or reduced in that a smaller battery have a lesser fire or explosion potential. The batteries are isolated from each other from excessive heat or destruction by explosion.

Abstract: A cell includes a front cover having a front cavity, a rear cover having a rear cavity, a first terminal, a second terminal, and an electrode group. The rear cover is connected to the front cover. The first terminal is disposed on the front cover and passes through the front cover to the front cavity. The second terminal is disposed on the front cover, and passes through the front cover to the front cavity. The electrode group is disposed in the front cavity and the rear cavity, and connected to the first terminal and the second terminal in the front cavity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a power storage device including: a positive electrode having a positive-electrode current collector, a positive-electrode active material with a plurality of first projections on the positive-electrode current collector, and a first insulator on an end of each of the plurality of first projections; a negative electrode having a negative-electrode current collector, a negative-electrode active material with a plurality of second projections on a surface of the negative-electrode current collector, and a second insulator on an end of each of the plurality of second projections; a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte provided in a space between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and containing carrier ions. In each of the first projections and the second projections, a ratio of the height to the width is 3 or more and 1000 or less to 1, i.e. (3 to 1000):1.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery includes an electrode assembly having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator located between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; a case housing the electrode assembly, the case having an opening; a cap assembly including a cap plate coupled to the opening of the case and a vent member on the cap plate adapted to discharge a gas from the case; and a separation member located between the electrode assembly and the cap plate to prevent the electrode assembly from significantly moving toward the cap plate.

Abstract: A square lithium secondary battery includes a wound body in which a collective sheet in which a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet overlap each other with a first separator interposed therebetween is wound while a second separator is put inside the collective sheet. An active material mixture layer on one or both surfaces of at least one of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet includes a region with a plurality of openings and a region with no opening. At least a bent portion of the collective sheet is covered with the region with the plurality of openings.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery cell including an electrode assembly of a cathode/separator/anode structure mounted in a receiving part of a battery case (cell case). The cell case is provided, at a predetermined region of the cell case corresponding to the upper end interface of the electrode assembly while the electrode assembly is mounted in the receiving part, with a small groove for pressing against the upper end of the electrode assembly to prevent the upward movement of the electrode assembly. The small groove is continuously formed in parallel with the upper end of the electrode assembly.

Abstract: An electrode layered product for a cell includes a first electrode plate having a shape of a strip, a first separator having a shape of a strip, a second separator having a shape of a strip, a second electrode plate having a pectinate, tooth shape, and a third electrode plate having a pectinate, tooth shape. The first separator is stacked on one surface of the first plate. The second separator is stacked on the other surface of the first plate. The second plate is stacked on an opposite side of the first separator from the first plate. The second plate includes tooth sections and a joining section. The third plate is stacked on an opposite side of the second separator from the first plate. The third plate includes tooth sections and a joining section. The first and second separators and the first, second and third plates are bent in a zigzag manner.

Abstract: An implantable device, such as a pacer, defibrillator, or other cardiac rhythm management device, can include one or more MRI Safe components. In an example, the implantable device includes a battery including a first electrode and a second electrode separate from the first electrode. The second electrode includes a first surface and a second surface. The second electrode includes a slot through the second electrode from the first surface toward the second surface. The slot extends from a perimeter of the second electrode to an interior of the second electrode. The slot is configured to at least partially segment a surface area of the second electrode to reduce a radial current loop size in the second electrode.

Abstract: A secondary battery including an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; current collectors, the current collectors being electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively; a case, the case accommodating the electrode assembly and the current collectors; a cap plate, the cap plate coupled to an opening in the case; and an insulating film, the insulating film insulating the electrode assembly and the electrode collectors from the case, wherein the insulating film includes a protuberance pattern on at least one surface thereof to compensate for vibration of the electrode assembly current collectors with respect to the case.

Abstract: A battery unit and a battery pack including the battery unit having reduced resistance along the leads. The battery unit includes a battery unit including an electrode assembly arranged within a pouch and lead tabs extending to an outside of the pouch and being electrically connected to the electrode assembly, a frame to support the battery unit, the frame including a first portion to accommodate the pouch of the battery unit and a second portion to accommodate the lead tabs, lead members arranged between the lead tabs and the second portion of the frame and a plurality of coupling members to mechanically couple together the lead tabs, the lead member and the second portion of the frame.

Abstract: An electricity storage device includes: a plurality of cells that are aligned in a predetermined direction; a pair of end plates that sandwich the plurality of cells in the predetermined direction; and a restraining member that extends in the predetermined direction, is fixed to the pair of end plates, and exerts a restraining force on the plurality of cells in the predetermined direction via the end plates. Each of the end plates includes a first plate and a second plate. The first plate has a plurality of ribs on a surface that faces the adjacent cell and is formed of insulating material. The second plate is fixed to the first plate on a side opposite to the surface that faces the adjacent cell and is formed of material stronger than the insulating material for the first plate.

Abstract: Provided is a cable-type secondary battery including an anode current collector having a horizontal cross section of a predetermined shape and extending longitudinally, an anode active material pattern layer having anode active material patterns spaced away at a predetermined interval on the anode current collector, an electrolyte layer surrounding the anode active material pattern layer and serving as an ion channel, a cathode active material pattern layer having cathode active material patterns spaced away at a predetermined interval on the electrolyte layer at locations corresponding to those of the anode active material patterns, and a cathode current collector surrounding the cathode active material pattern layer. The cable-type secondary battery having the active material patterns has excellent flexibility to prevent the active material from falling off from the active material layer.

Abstract: A battery system with at least one cell having an adjacent temperature-equalizing structure that is provided alternately with the cells and is designed for a medium that carries heat and/or cold to pass through. The cells are individual cells (1, 1?, 1?), and the temperature-equalizing structures are conventional corrugated board (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, 2?a, 2?b, 2?c, 2?d, 2?e) having two cover layers and at least one corrugation arranged between them for the air to pass through.

Abstract: A secondary battery including a case providing an inner space; at least one electrode assembly, the at least one electrode assembly including a stacked and wound positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, and separator between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate, and being disposed within the case and including a non-coating portion on an end thereof; a collector plate including alternately arranged crests and troughs, the non-coating portion of the electrode assembly being disposed on the crests and the crests being welded to the non-coating portion; a collector terminal coupled to one end of the collector plate, the collector terminal protruding upwardly from the case; and a cap plate on an upper portion of the case, the cap plate sealing the case.

Abstract: An electrode assembly (30) is formed by combining a positive electrode plate (14), a separator (15), and a negative electrode plate (18), and the electrode assembly (30) was wound. An insulating member (21) having a hollow portion (22) is placed on the positive electrode plate (14), the negative electrode plate (18), or the separator (15) before the end of the winding step so that the insulating member (21) is incorporated inside the outermost of the electrode assembly (30) and into a corner portion (31) of the electrode assembly (30) in the winding direction. After a winding end portion (32) of the electrode assembly (30) is fixed, the hollow portion (22) is broken. Thereby, a space (20) resulting from the hollow portion (22) is formed inside the outermost of the electrode assembly (30).

Abstract: A battery includes: a cylindrical battery case; and an electrode body disposed in the battery case, and including a positive plate, a negative plate, and a separator disposed between the positive plate and the negative plate. A spacer formed of a dense body and an electrolyte storage space storing an electrolyte are provided between the electrode body and the battery case on one end or both ends of the battery case in an axial direction of the electrode body.

Abstract: A secondary battery including an electrode assembly, the electrode assembly including a separator between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; current collectors, the current collectors being electrically connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively; a case, the case accommodating the electrode assembly and the current collectors; a cap plate, the cap plate coupled to an opening in the case; and an insulating film, the insulating film insulating the electrode assembly and the electrode collectors from the case, wherein the insulating film includes a protuberance pattern on at least one surface thereof to compensate for vibration of the electrode assembly current collectors with respect to the case.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte battery includes a battery element, a film-form casing member, and a resin protective layer. The battery element includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The film-form casing member contains the battery element and an electrolyte in an enclosed space thereof. The resin protective layer is formed along the surface of the film-form casing member and has a substantially uniform thickness.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode and a positive electrode. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material having a lithium ion absorption potential of 0.4 V (vs. Li/Li+) or more. The negative electrode current collector is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode current collector has a total area and specific capacitance larger than those of the negative electrode current collector, and is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A battery module in which a plurality of cells are aligned includes a holder in which the cells are accommodated, a positive electrode current collector plate which is provided to face positive electrode terminals of the cells and electrically connects the positive electrode terminals, and a negative electrode current collector plate which is provided to face negative electrode terminals of the cells and electrically connects the negative electrode terminals, wherein the holder includes a plurality of accommodation sections, the cells are accommodated in the accommodation sections, a spacer made of an elastic member is disposed between the positive electrode current collector plate and the cells, the spacer further includes an extended portion extending toward the negative electrode terminals of the cells, and an edge of the extended portion close to the negative electrode terminals touches the negative electrode current collector plate.

Abstract: A battery separator for a lead acid (storage) battery is made from a thermoplastic sheet material. The sheet material has a central region flanked by peripheral regions. The central region includes a plurality of longitudinally extending ribs that are integrally formed from the sheet material. The peripheral regions are free of ribs and may include a densified structure. Also disclosed are a method of producing the foregoing separator, an envelope separator made from the sheet material, and a method of making the envelope separator.

Abstract: A battery module in which a plurality of cells are aligned includes a holder in which the cells are accommodated, a positive electrode current collector plate which is provided to face positive electrode terminals of the cells and electrically connects the positive electrode terminals, and a negative electrode current collector plate which is provided to face negative electrode terminals of the cells and electrically connects the negative electrode terminals, wherein the holder includes a plurality of accommodation sections, the cells are accommodated in the accommodation sections, a spacer made of an elastic member is disposed between the positive electrode current collector plate and the cells, the spacer further includes an extended portion extending toward the negative electrode terminals of the cells, and an edge of the extended portion close to the negative electrode terminals touches the negative electrode current collector plate.

Abstract: An active material of silicon, tin or a compound containing silicon or tin is formed on a current collector of a negative electrode in form of a plurality of island regions so that the island regions are separated from one another. Furthermore, a conductive protective film is formed on the current collector so as to cover the island regions. The conductive protective film is formed so as to also cover exposed regions (space portions) of the current collector on which the island regions are not formed. Thus, expansion/shrink of the active region following charge/discharge can be absorbed by the conductive protective film formed in the space portions between the island regions. Also, adhesiveness of the active material with the current collector can be improved.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of manufacturing a power storage device which enables facilitation of manufacturing of the power storage device while a plurality of terminal portions are prevented from overlapping one another when viewed from a stacking direction. The method of manufacturing the power storage device including a plurality of electrode elements stacked with electrolyte layers interposed between them, the method includes a first step of forming the electrode element which has a generally rotationally symmetric outer shape when viewed from a stacking direction and includes a terminal portion protruding in an outward direction of the power storage device in an area of the outer shape, and a second step of stacking the plurality of electrode elements formed in the first step with the electrolyte layers interposed between them at varying angles in a stacking plane such that the terminal portions do not overlap one another when viewed from the stacking direction.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery is provided. Electrolytes of the lithium secondary battery are divided between an anode and a cathode into a plurality of regions not to contact with each other, thereby limiting movement paths of lithium ions. In this way, the lithium secondary battery inhibits growth of dendrite and improves energy density. Also, the lithium secondary battery that has a partition wall structure reduces leakage even when liquid electrolytes are used and actively copes with pressure applied to the battery.

Abstract: A process for recovering metals such as Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Zn, among others, through precipitation as sulphides, enabling recovery of magnesium in the form of hydroxide, carbonate and oxide and providing recovery of sulphate as gypsum and ammonium sulphate. Liquid phase, after full treatment, comprises recovered water with a quality proper for total reuse in industrial process. This process of liquid and solid effluent treatment is provided with flexibility to process several types of effluents presenting wide variations in their chemical composition.

Abstract: A stacked battery sealed by a film casing shows a raised degree of resistance against vibrations.

Abstract: Separators for use in batteries are disclosed. In various embodiments, the separators include one or more of raised shoulders, ribs in three or more sizes, thickened mini-ribs on shoulders, and ribs within the shoulder. The disclosed separators are more resistant to failure due to punctures or tears than conventional separators.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparation of a secondary battery module. The process includes forming coupling through-holes having specific shapes at plate-shaped electrode terminals of a plurality of unit cells, stacking the unit cells one on another, and inserting coupling members through the coupling through-holes to couple the unit cells with each other. Consequently, the secure coupling and the electrical connection between the unit cells is accomplished without using additional members, such as cartridges, and therefore, a compact battery module having high coupling force is prepared.

Abstract: The present invention discloses enhanced separators for storage batteries with zinc negative electrodes. These enhanced separators include a separator layer and one or more resistive layers on said separator layer. The dimensions of the one or more resistive layers are less than or equal to that of the separator layer. Portions of the separator layer can also be treated with a PTFE suspension to increase the resistance at those portions. For storage batteries where the resistance along two edges of the separator layer has to be larger then the center, the enhanced separator include said resistive layers where each layer includes two independent parts positioned along the two edges of the separator layer. The edge portions of the separator layer can also be treated with a PTFE suspension. Using these enhanced separators in storage batteries with zinc negative electrodes can increase the capacity and prolong the life of the batteries.

Abstract: A secondary battery. An electrode assembly is mounted in a container. The electrode assembly is formed by winding a positive electrode and a negative electrode with respect to a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. A cap assembly is fixed to the container to seal the container assembly to provide a terminal for electrical current. An uncoated region is formed along the edge of the length direction of the positive electrode or the negative electrode. The uncoated region is left uncoated with an active material. A collector plate includes a contact portion of the curved shape to be electrically connected to the uncoated region.

Abstract: A stack type battery has a stacked electrode assembly (10) disposed in a reduced pressure condition in an accommodating space within a square-shaped laminate battery case (25) formed by melt-bonding peripheral edges of two laminate films (28) to each other. A positive electrode current collector terminal (15) is joined to positive electrode current collector tabs (11) being overlapped with each other, and a negative electrode current collector terminal (16) is joined to the negative electrode current collector tabs (12) being overlapped with each other. An insulative spacer (30) for compressing welded portions (36) between the positive and negative electrode current collector tabs (11, 12) and the positive and negative electrode current collector terminals (15, 16) is disposed in a tab-connecting space existing between the stacked electrode assembly (10) and an inner face of the laminate battery case (25) from which the positive and negative electrode current collector terminals (15, 16) protrude.

Abstract: A battery unit for a secondary battery that includes a positive electrode plate, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode plate, a negative electrode tab, a separator, and short circuit preventing units, wherein the short circuit preventing units are formed on corresponding uncoated areas of the positive and negative electrode current collectors where the positive and negative electrode sheets are not formed, each short circuit preventing unit having a corresponding width greater than a width of the corresponding positive and negative electrode current collectors.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell comprises a rolled-up electrode unit 2 composed of a positive electrode 23, a negative electrode 21 and a separator 22 interposed therebetween, and a negative electrode current collector plate 3 and a positive electrode current collector plate 30 joined to the respective ends of the electrode unit 2. The negative electrode collector plate 3 is joined to an edge of the negative electrode 21 projecting at one of the opposite ends of the electrode unit 2. The collector plate 3 has a two-layer structure comprising a copper layer 31 made of copper or an alloy consisting predominantly of copper, and a metal layer made of a metal not forming an intermetallic compound with lithium and having a lower laser beam reflectivity than copper or an alloy consisting predominantly of the metal. The collector plate 3 has its copper layer 31 contacted with the edge of the negative electrode 21 and welded thereto with a laser beam.

Abstract: Battery with a flexible laminate casing includes a means for fixing the electrode assembly (2) within the casing (1, 18). The fixing means may be a frame (19, 33, 38, 50, 54) attached to the periphery of the electrode assembly, or an insulating spacer (59, 69, 70, 77, 78) encased within the casing together with the electrode assembly such as to fill a space between one end of the electrode assembly and the casing. Alternatively, the fixing means may be constructed of a material with which the casing and the electrode assembly are joined together by applying heat and pressure, or may be an abutting surface (87h) provided to the casing (87) itself such as to make contact with one end face of the electrode assembly within the casing.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary cell includes a rolled-up electrode unit composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a separator interposed therebetween, and a negative electrode current collector plate and a positive electrode current collector plate joined to the respective ends of the electrode unit. The negative electrode collector plate is joined to an edge of the negative electrode projecting at one of the opposite ends of the electrode unit. The collector plate has a two-layer structure of a copper layer made of copper or an alloy consisting predominantly of copper, and a metal layer made of a metal not forming an intermetallic compound with lithium and having a lower laser beam reflectivity than copper or an alloy consisting predominantly of the metal. The collector plate has its copper layer contacted with the edge of the negative electrode and welded thereto with a laser beam.

Abstract: A separator for a fuel cell comprises a plate-shaped electrode having a pair of gas diffusion electrode plates and an electrolytic layer held by the gas diffusion electrode plates. The separator being layered on both surfaces of the electrode and forming gas passages cooperating with the gas diffusion electrode plate. The separator comprising: a metallic plate; protrusions made from a material of the carbon type, the protrusion having a projected surface projecting from the metallic plate toward the gas diffusion electrode plate so as to contact therewith and to form the gas passages; and intermetallic compounds precipitated on the projected surface of the protrusion. The gas passage is formed by a surface of the metallic plate and a pair of side surfaces of adjoining protrusions.

Abstract: Positive and negative electrode plates 2, 3 are alternately stacked upon one another with intervening separators 4 to constitute an electrode plate group 1. The respective electrode plates are laterally offset so that side edges of the electrode plates protrude on the opposite sides. Collector plates 5, 6 are perpendicularly welded to the side edges of the electrode plates 2, 3 on both sides of the electrode plate group 1. Loose ends 3c, 3e of the outermost negative electrode plates 3b, 3d that are not welded to the collector plate are secured to the electrode plate group by a holding tape 7.

Abstract: An improved and low cost electrical connection for use in circuit boards for key fobs incorporates a plurality of generally cylindrical pin members which are symmetric about a central axis. The use of the symmetric pin allows automatic insertion of the pin in that the orientation of the pin relative to the board is unimportant. The pin has a generally tapered transition portion which provides a contact surface for the battery, and this transition portion is also symmetric such that the orientation of the pin relative to the board is unimportant. Further, a stop face on the pin provides a stop for insertion of the pin into the circuit board such that the pin is at the desired height relative to the battery and such that the transition portion will provide electrical contact to the battery.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lead acid storage battery keeping sufficient cycle life even under vibrating conditions. The lead acid storage battery of the present invention includes an assembly element that is obtained by alternately laying positive electrode plates, each positive electrode plate having an expanded grid, and negative electrode plates, each negative electrode plate being accommodated in a bag-like separator, one upon another. The separator is provided by folding a fine porous synthetic resin sheet and sealing left and right overlapping sides of the folded sheet to have a bag-like shape. The separator has a plurality of vertical ribs that are formed in parallel to one another on an outer surface of the separator and that are located in a central portion of the separator occupying a most part of its width. The separator further has small rib areas that extend along a length of the bag-like separator and that are arranged on left and right sides thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved non-aqueous electrolyte cell comprising an anode, a cathode and a separator spirally wound so that the anode is disposed on the outer side of the cathode to form an electrode assembly. The outermost end of the cathode is wrapped with an electrically insulating material, the anode has a section provided with an anode current collector in the vicinity of the outermost end thereof, and the section is positioned beyond the wrapped outermost end of the cathode. A reaction suppressing layer is present between a cathode section in the vicinity of the outermost end and the anode positioned on the inner side thereof, thereby only the outer side of the cathode section substantially reacts with the anode. This cell ensures disconnection of remaining non-reacted anode component from the current collector when forcedly discharged at the last stage of discharge, causing little capacity loss.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is disclosed including a cell housing, an ion-permeable, oxygen transmission restricting membrane that divides the interior of the cell housing into a first portion exposed to ambient air and a substantially air-tight second portion, an air electrode provided in contact with the membrane within the first portion of the cell housing interior that reoxidizes when exposed to ambient air, and a working cell provided in the substantially air-tight second portion of the cell housing interior. The working cell includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte. The positive electrode is in contact with the membrane and is made of an electrochemically active material that is the same material that is used in the air electrode, such that the air electrode supplies ions to the positive electrode to thereby reoxidize the positive electrode as it discharges without exposing the negative electrode or the positive electrode of the working cell to oxygen from the surrounding air.

Abstract: A solid oxide fuel assembly is made, wherein rows (14, 24) of fuel cells (16, 18, 20, 26, 28, 30), each having an outer interconnection (36) and an outer electrode (32), are disposed next to each other with corrugated, electrically conducting expanded metal mesh (22) between each row of cells, the corrugated mesh (22) having top crown portions (40) and bottom shoulder portions (42), where the top crown portion (40) contacts outer interconnections (36) of the fuel cells (16, 18, 20) in a first row (14), and the bottom shoulder portions (42) contacts outer electrodes (32) of the fuel cells in a second row (24), said mesh electrically connecting each row of fuel cells, and where there are no metal felt connections between any fuel cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery comprising: a battery case; a battery element accommodated in the battery case, the battery element comprising laminations of a first polarity type electrode, a second polarity type electrode and a separator sandwiched between the first polarity type electrode and the second polarity type electrode, the first polarity type electrode comprising a first polarity type collector which is provided with at least a first polarity type electrode active material layer except for a first side region extending along one side of the first polarity type collector, and the second polarity type electrode comprising a second polarity type collector which is provided with at least a second polarity type electrode active material layer except for a second side region extending along one side of the second polarity type collector, the first side region of the first polarity type collector projecting from first side edge of the separator and the second sid

Abstract: A resilient battery separator, especially suited for use in a starved electrolyte battery, is made of an air laid fibrous mat of randomly oriented, entangled microfibers having a mean diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 microns. The air laid mat weighs between 50 and 450 g/m.sup.2 and has a thickness between 0.01 and 0.5 inches. The fibrous mat may be essentially uniform in density throughout its thickness or may include one or two relatively high density, high tensile strength fibrous surface layer(s) and a relatively low density, more resilient fibrous layer integral with and, in one embodiment, intermediate the two surface layers. The microfibers in the surface layer(s) are more entangled than the microfibers in the resilient layer. In a starved electrolyte battery, the separator has a thickness, when subjected to a loading of 1.5 psi, that is equal to or greater than the spacing between the electrode plates of the battery and, preferably, at least 110% of the spacing between the electrode plates of the battery.

Abstract: In a catalyst electrode 23, a plurality of catalyst clusters 30 and a plurality of electrolyte clusters 32 are connected and entwined with each other. Each catalyst cluster 30 is formed by aggregation of a plurality of carbon particles 36 with a catalyst 34 carried thereon, and the surface of the catalyst cluster 30 is coated with an electrolyte layer 38. Each electrolyte cluster 32 is formed by aggregation of an electrolyte. A supply of ions is fed to the catalyst 34 for the electrochemical reaction via the electrolyte layer 38. The electrolyte clusters 32, on the other hand, ensure the pathway of ions moving from an electrolyte film 21 towards a gas diffusion electrode 25. This arrangement of the present invention does not require the thick electrolyte layer 38 for ensuring the sufficient transmission of ions but enables a sufficient amount of gas (oxygen) to be fed to the catalyst 34.