Abstract: A design and process for making hermetically sealed thermocompression feedthrough and peripheral seal for high temperature Li Alloy FeS.sub.x battery cells and battery enclosures. The selected materials and processes parameters are developed to match the high temperature Li Alloy/FeS.sub.x system.

Abstract: Charge rates of individual battery cells are equalized and battery safety increased by limiting the amount of current that will flow through the battery in the event of a short circuit either external to or internal to the battery.

Abstract: A battery assembly is provided with two terminals at one end of a stack of cells. One of the terminals is centrally located upon the end of the stack and is electrically connected to the stack at the same end. The other terminal is spaced apart from the central terminal and is electrically connected to the other end of the stack by an elongated conductor. An insulating sheath holds the stack of cells together.

Abstract: An improved multi-cell electrochemical energy storage device, such as a battery, fuel cell, or double layer capacitor using a cell separator which allows cells to be stacked and interconnected with low electrical resistance and high reliability while maximizing packaging efficiency. By adding repeating cells, higher voltages can be obtained. The cell separator is formed by applying an organic adhesive on opposing surfaces of adjacent carbon electrodes or surfaces of aerogel electrodes of a pair of adjacent cells prior to or after pyrolysis thereof to form carbon aerogel electrodes. The cell separator is electronically conductive, but ionically isolating, preventing an electrolytic conduction path between adjacent cells in the stack.

Abstract: A battery (10) comprises a cylindrical pressure vessel (30) having domed ends and an internal impermeable membrane (36) extending transversely to a cylindrical axis (38) of the pressure vessel (30). The impermeable membrane (36) divides the pressure vessel (30) into two compartments (32, 34) of equal size, shape, and volume, and hermetically seals the two compartments (32, 34) against mass flow therebetween. In particular, the membrane (36) prevents the migration of electrolyte between the storage elements located in the two compartments (32, 34). The battery (10) further includes a plurality of plate sets (12) for storing electrical energy, each plate set (12) having a nickel positive electrode (14), a hydrogen negative electrode (16), a separator (18) between the positive electrode (14) and the negative electrode (16), a gas screen (26), and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A dual battery system includes a first battery and a second battery electrically connected in parallel to positive and negative terminals. The first battery has an open circuit voltage greater than that of the second battery so that, as current is drawn from both batteries, the amount of current drawn from each respective battery at a given voltage level varies depending on the magnitude of the current. The first battery preferably supplies most of the current at low to moderate current loads, whereas the second battery provides a greater portion of the total current at high current loads. According to one aspect of the invention, wherein the batteries are each lead-acid batteries, the desired difference in open circuit voltage is provided by using sulfuric acid electrolytes of different specific gravities in the two batteries. For this purpose the electrolyte specific gravity of the second battery is preferably at least 0.03 less than that of the first battery.

Abstract: A battery including a spare battery is provided in which the six cells conventionally used for the spare battery are decreased to three cells, thereby allowing the capacity of the main battery to be increased. No charger for the spare battery is required. The main battery comprises six cells connected in series, the first of the six cells having a capacity at least 10% higher than that the remaining three cells. A switch is used to connect the spare battery in parallel with the remaining three cells of the main battery.

Abstract: A modular multicell battery is disclosed which is assembled from a plurality of pairs of terminal and floater frames, each pair separated by a separator frame, that are welded together. The terminal and floater frames include a mesh grid made using a lead-based alloy having, based upon this total weight of the alloy, a calcium content of 0.02-0.04% and a tin content of 0.3-0.5%.

Abstract: Lithium batteries used for an aeration or breathing apparatus, such as gas masks or protective suits, are enclosed in a housing, and the enclosure has a predetermined breaking point to release gases which may accumulate in the interior. The housing surrounding the lithium batteries has a closure, which opens when the compressed gases are released, to allow the gases to be safely discharged to the outside.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention an improved secondary battery is disclosed which consists of at least two and preferably three or more cells in series, each intermediate cell containing a pair of shared carbonaceous electrodes, each electrode being a carbonaceous body of a length to be inserted into adjacent cell, forming the positive electrode in one cell and the negative electrode in the adjacent cell. Each terminal cell in said series having a second electrode of a carbonaceous material providing a connection to complete the flow of stored energy out of and charge energy into said cell series. Each cell has a formaninous separator between each pair of electrodes in said cell to maintain its electrodes in spaced apart relationship. Each cell is a container or compartment of a container and the common electrode connects each cell to the adjacent cell. Each cell is provided with an ionizable salt in a non-aqueous fluid.

Abstract: An improved automotive type electric storage battery assembly including a primary storage battery of a conventional type having a casing providing a receptacle for a secondary, smaller storage battery. Each of the batteries are provided with conventional side mount or top mount positive and negative posts and the primary and second storage battery each are provided with a receptacle and plug mechanism respectively for quickly interconnecting the two batteries to obtain maximum cranking amperage. The secondary storage battery and primary storage battery casings are adapted for quick clamping and releasing mechanism requiring no tools such that the secondary battery may be easily removed and stored in a warm location in extreme cold conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bipolar battery with self-perpetuating semi-wedge anodes where electric contact is established between the anode of one cell and the cathode of the adjacent cell through the wall which separates the two cells. The self-perpetuating semi-wedge anodes each have a rectangular triangle as a base, and the self-perpetuation of the wedge is effected by dissolving the anode from one side only, the side where the cathode is placed at the appropriate angle.

Abstract: High-temperature storage battery with at least two or more storage cells of the alkali metal and chalcogen type, with each cell bounded by a metallic housing, and wherein a defined number of storage cells forming a module are combined. The housing of each storage cell is formed by at least two concentrically arranged housing elements, which are separated from each other by electrical insulation, and the storage cells of each module are arranged in a defined manner, and adjacent storage cells are connected to each other at least in some regions via their outer housing elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a portable electrical power source comprising housing means adapted to fit within a cell cavity of a battery-powered device, said housing means having positive and negative electrical contact means adapted to form electrical connection with corresponding positive and negative contact means of said device; a plurality of button cells disposed within said housing means, at least one of said button cells being electrically connected to said contact means and at least 50 percent of said button cells being insulated from any electrical connection to said contact means.

Abstract: A recombination lead acid battery includes a plurality of cells comprising alternating positive and negative plates interleaved with separator material. Every alternate plate in the two electrical end cells constitutes an unipolar plate connected to a terminal pillar and each remaining plate constitutes one half of a bipolar pair of plates connected by means of an integral bridge piece to its other half in an adjacent cell. The bridge pieces together constitute intercell connectors and those cells which are directly connected by an intercell connector are spaced apart only by the intercell connector and separated only by an air gap while those cells which are not directly connected by an intercell connector are separated by an intercell partition integral with the battery container.

Abstract: Two-dimensional arrays of polarized energy-generating or energy-storing elements (20A, 20B, . . . , 20D; 21A, . . . , 21D; 22A, . . . , 22D; 23A, . . . , 23D; 24A, . . . , 24D; 25A, . . . , 25D), such as solar cells, batteries, thermoelectric generators or capacitors are formed as a matrix of rows and columns of elements, with the elements of each column being connected in series and the junctions between the series-connected elements in each column within the matrix being connected, in sequence, first to the corresponding junction in one of the adjacent columns and then to the corresponding junction in the other one of the adjacent columns. By connecting the junctions (32, 33) of alternate pairs of elements in the left hand column of the matrix to the respective junctions (32A, 33A) in the right hand column of a matrix having an even number of columns, the mathematical equivalent of a tubular matrix of elements is formed.

Abstract: A lead acid battery comprises two spaced parallel rows of cells connected in parallel, one plate in each cell lying in the same plane as one plate in every other cell. Every alternate plate in the two electrical end cells is a unipolar plate connected to a terminal pillar while every remaining plate is one half of a bipolar pair of plates connected to its other half in an adjacent cell, preferably in the other line of cells, by an integral bridge piece.

Abstract: A storage battery of the type used in an automotive vehicle has a housing forming a plurality of transversely elongated and upright cells and respective plus sets and minus sets of U-section electrode elements interleaved with each other in each cell. Each such element is unitarily formed with an imperforate sheet-metal back having a pair of opposite edges, respective expanded sheet-metal arms extending from the edges generally perpendicular to the back, and an imperforate connection tab projecting upward from the back. Each back has a horizontal width that is a fraction of the horizontal width of the respective arms. Respective plus and minus bus bars in each of the compartments are connected to the tabs of the respective electrode sets. The arms are multiply expanded, that is each one has a width that is a multiple of its width before it was slitted and expanded. The arm width is equal to at least four times the back width, normally about five times the back width.

Abstract: A galvanic cell characterized in that at least a portion of the exterior of the cell's housing is encased within an intumescent material.

Abstract: A wet-type self energizing power pack is disclosed which uses an electrolyte essentially made of oil, sulfuric acid and a minor amount of acetic acid. The device includes positive and negative plates which are separated by means of separators. The positive plates mainly consist of an alveolated structure filled with a compound of carbon, lead oxide, glycerine are provided with a diagonal row of holes while the negative plates are made of lead-tin alloy and are provided with two rows of holes, one appearing at the top and the other one appearing at the bottom of the plate. A method of preparing the electrolyte is disclosed as well as the method of charging the battery.

Abstract: A system for storing electrical energy having a storage compartment containing a storage electrode made of tin, and further containing an alkaline sulfide solution containing tin in a soluble form.A battery made of a plurality of cells. Each of the cells is positioned within a container and separated by separating members adapted to slide within the container and includes a storage and a second compartment separated by a membrane. The membrane is adapted to compensate for volumetric variations within each of the compartments.A system comprising a plurality of electrolyte containing cells separated by separating members having orifices therein which permit fluid communication between the electrolyte of each of the cells.A battery made of a plurality of individual cells. Each of the cells comprises means for venting hydrogen generated in each of the cells.A method of assembling a battery made of a plurality of cells.

Abstract: A modular lithium battery having a plurality of cells, having electrical connecting means connecting the cells to output terminals, and venting means for releasing discharge byproducts to a chemical scrubber. Stainless steel cell casings are potted in an aluminum modular case with syntactic foam and epoxy. The wall thickness resulting is about 0.5 inches.

Abstract: A recombining lead-acid battery with absorbed electrolyte is disclosed having multiple cells positioned in a sealed monobloc container, and cell partitioning members constructed to define a gas space common to all the cells of the battery. When the battery is overcharged imbalance in electrolyte fill among the cells is reduced as the amount of water in each cell tends to equalize through redistribution via gas recombination preferentially in the drier cells.

Abstract: Low antimony lead alloys suitable for use as grid material in maintenance-free high capacity lead acid batteries are disclosed. The alloys comprise 0.6 to 1.1 weight percent antimony, 0.06 to 0.25 weight percent arsenic, 0.1 to 0.4 weight percent tin, 0.06 to 0.11 weight percent copper, and the balance lead. A preferred alloy contains 0.8 weight percent antimony, 0.15 weight percent arsenic, 0.25 weight percent tin and 0.08 weight percent copper.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell construction features a novel co-extruded plastic electrode in an interleaved construction with a novel integral separator-spacer. Also featured is a leak and impact resistant construction for preventing the spill of corrosive materials in the event of rupture.

Abstract: A multicell sealed rechargeable battery is disclosed including an open mouth monobloc container formed of a plurality of cup-shaped cell holders interconnected at mutual tangent zones, electrochemical cells of the rechargeable type fitting into the cell holders and interconnected to form the battery, and a closure member attached to the mouth of the monobloc container.

Abstract: The generator comprises elements mounted in series, each element comprising cells mounted in parallel, each cell comprising a positive electrode composed of a substantially rectangular conductive support, a negative electrode composed of a substantially rectangular conductive support and an electrolyte solution. Each electrode conductive support is connected, notably by welding, over a whole side or the major portion of a side to a metal wire serving as an electrical conductor for said electrode. The generator is useful for supplying electrical traction motors.

Abstract: A bipolar system comprises a plurality of flexible, conductive electrode strips assembled into a stack with porous, flexible, insulating separator strips being interposed between adjacent electrode strips. Each electrode strip at the exterior of the stack is provided on its innermost surface with electrochemically active material, and the or each electrode strip in the interior of the stack is provided on each of its opposite major surfaces with electrochemically active material. Sealing means is provided around the ends and lowermost edges of the electrode strips.The stack of electrode strips and separator strips is folded into a serpentine configuration and then mounted in a generally rectangular battery box such that the serpentine configuration winds back and forth between opposite walls of the box with electrochemically active material of opposite polarity on an adjacent strip.

Abstract: A battery comprising a plurality of photoelectrochemical cells arranged in series in an envelope. Each of the cells comprises a photoelectrode, a counterelectrode, and an electrolyte. The photoelectrode and counterelectrode of each cell is attached to and forms an electrical contact with conductive means. The battery further comprises at least one separation means for separating each of the cells from one another so as to form a liquid-tight fit within the envelope whereby each of the cells is liquid tight. A method of assembling a battery comprising a plurality of photoelectrochemical cells in an envelope. The method comprises inserting a module within the envelope, filling the envelope with liquid, and inserting an additional module. The process is repeated until a battery having the desired number of cells is formed.

Abstract: A marine installation for generating electrical energy, which installation operates as a giant battery using the sea as the electrolyte and comprises a plurality of electrodes (6, 8) connected together mechanically and electrically to form a floating structure of cells (5) which is anchored to the sea bed and insulated to prevent loss of potential by conduction.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell is shown wherein anode 1 of a reactive metal having an insulating film 2 thereon is separated from cathode 6 by a non-conductive flow screen 4. A porous, expandable element 5 is positioned between screen 4 and cathode 6 to maintain essentially uniform dimensions of the electrolyte flow channel defined by screen 4 as the anode is consumed during cell operation. Preferably, when a multiplicity of cells are electrically connected together, a plurality of separator elements 8 between the respective anodes and cathodes are utilized to ensure that each cell in the multi-cell configuration is subject to essentially identical compression forces in assembly and during discharge.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack includes at least a power cell and a substantially sealed housing adapted to permit venting therefrom of increased internal housing pressure while normally maintaining a substantially air-tight closure. A novel charge status indicator for integration with the battery pack provides a positive indication of the substantially fully charged status of the power cell.

Abstract: A bipolar battery is provided which comprises at least two battery cells, said battery cells each comprising a plurality of electrodes, said electrodes comprising at least two cellular end plate electrodes and at least two interstitially located single pole electrodes, a continuous, sheet-like insulator located in alternating, woven disposition within each of said cells between all adjacent electrodes to provide electrical separation thereof, wherein the end plate electrodes of adjacent cells are of opposite polarity and comprise a single, bipolar electrode, and all of said electrodes are adapted to conduct current internally between each other and said cells.

Abstract: A multi-cell battery is disclosed which comprises a stacked arrangement of frames having a number of side-by-side active paste support areas which form plates. Electrolyte-porous separator members are provided between adjacent plates in adjoining frames. The separator members are spaced from the positive active material by spacer elements which are connected to the frames and extend partly over and project from the faces of the separator members. The spacer elements are preferably inclined upwardly from their points of connection to the frames to define particle-trapping pockets.

Abstract: Battery comprising a container housing a plurality of sealed cells employing an oxyhalide-, halide- and/or liquid sulfur dioxide-containing nonaqueous electrolyte, and a porous shock absorbing material impregnated with an immobilizing agent which will react with and neutralize any oxyhalide, halide, liquid sulfur dioxide or their reaction products that escape from the cells.

Abstract: This invention relates to storage batteries and more particularly to a storage battery having an improved terminal construction in which a cover and a synthetic resin portion surrounding a terminal post are best sealed together, the post passing through an opening in the cover and being electrically connected with a positive and negative plate group located in the battery container. The synthetic resin portion has a dish-shaped section with an upwardly open cavity, and has projections for the reception within recesses provided in ribs located on the inner wall and on the partition wall of the container. Thus, a storage battery is provided which avoids leakage of electrolyte from the terminal, is high in performance, is long lasting, easy to make, adapted for mass production and is economical.

Abstract: A lead storage battery with positive and negative plates, the contact lugs of which respectively are connected with one another by lug bridges. The grid upper part of each plate grid is covered with an acid resistant synthetic material covering, which synthetic material covering surrounds the contact lugs acid-tight, the synthetic material covering being connected acid tight with the cell cover or one-piece composition case cover. The lug bridges are connected with one another outside of the acid space of the contact lugs.

Abstract: A battery is disclosed in which each cell electrode structure comprises an assembly of a single first electrode of one polarity separated by a separator from a single second electrode of the other polarity, the assembly being arranged to provide an array of multiple layers of electrode of alternating polarity, an integral portion of the first electrode extending out to one side of the cell and integral portion of the second electrode extending out to the other side of the cell, one integral portion being connected to or integral with an electrode support structure in the adjacent cell, or a battery terminal, on its side of the cell, and the other integral portion being connected to or integral with an electrode support structure in the other adjacent cell on its side of the cell.

Abstract: A bipolar, lead acid battery incorporating titanium and/or zirconium electrode supports and having a fibre filling to maintain a pressure on the active mass located on the supports.

Abstract: In a reactive metal-water electrochemical cell, a configuration utilizing waste heat and evolved hydrogen gas for pumping electrolyte through the cell. More particularly, the cell is in a vertical, hollow tubular configuration with the reactive anode being bonded to the interior surface of the tube casing and a coiled metal screen cathode being positioned within the tubular cell and containing the anode over essentially its full working surface. As the anode is consumed in operation, by reaction with an aqueous electrolyte filling the interior cavity of the tubular configuration, the coil configuration of the cathode forces it to expand and maintain contact with the anode. During operation, evolved waste heat and gas cause a flow of electrolyte through the interior of the cell.

Abstract: A multi-cell battery comprises a plurality of frames each divided into a number of side by side active paste support areas. The frames are assembled and secured together in a stacked formation so that the perimeter portions of the frames form the top, bottom and two opposite sides of the battery, and the divisions in the frames form cell partitions.Each frame is pasted with active material to form plates with adjacent plates in each frame being of opposite polarity and adjacent plates in each frame being of opposite polarity and adjacent plates in adjoining frames also being of opposite polarity. Electrolyte-porous separator material is provided between adjacent plates in adjoining frames.

Abstract: The electrochemically reducible component of the positive electrode mass is silver carbonate. The cell which includes this electrode and also a light-metal negative electrode. The battery made of such cells.

Abstract: Alkaline storage battery cells having negative electrodes with higher capacity than the positive electrodes. The positive electrodes have discharge limiting capacity. The negative electrodes have additive of Raney metal, or Raney metal alloy. Such cells constituting a battery.