Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp2 or sp3 )—C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group, or a silyl sulfate or a tin sulfate.

Abstract: The instant invention is an electrolyte additive for use with lead acid batteries containing antimony. The electrolyte additive consists of a mixture of natural oil such as white mineral oil or a hydro cracked and treated oil with naphthenic oil, a zinc free rust and oxidation inhibitor and an ethylene-propylene copolymer. The electrolyte additive is placed above the plate cells in lead acid batteries having antimony to inhibit gassing and misting with an ancillary benefit of increasing performance and durability of the battery.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery electrolyte fluid solution additive is disclosed, the fluid solution additive including aluminum sulfate, cobalt sulfate, copper sulfate, magnesium sulfate, cadmium sulfate, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and deionized water sufficient to effect extended battery life.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for maintaining and recovering the function of a lead storage battery, comprising as active ingredients a metal sulfate and at least one of an amino acid and a salt thereof, as well as an electrolyte for use in a lead storage battery comprising the above agent and a basal electrolyte. According to the present invention, there is provided a highly effective agent or electrolyte for maintaining the function of a lead storage battery over a long period and recovering the function of a lead storage battery whose storage capacity has been lowered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for maintaining and recovering the function of a lead storage battery, comprising as active ingredients a metal sulfate and at least one of an amino acid and a salt thereof, as well as an electrolyte for use in a lead storage battery comprising the above agent and a basal electrolyte. According to the present invention, there is provided a highly effective agent or electrolyte for maintaining the function of a lead storage battery over a long period and recovering the function of a lead storage battery whose storage capacity has been lowered.

Abstract: An inorganic electrolyte rechargeable electrical storage cell is shown which makes use of non-metallic electrodes in combination with an inorganic electrolyte that includes sulfur dioxide. The electrolyte can be for example a lithium and/or a calcium tetrachloroaluminate salt in sulfur dioxide. The anode of the cell is made of a carbon for example a graphite while the cathode is produced from a carbon having a relatively much higher surface area.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery formed of lead, acidic and basic materials, wherein these materials are in certain ratios by weight. The battery is intended for seasonal use applications, in which the battery may be idle for many months of each year. The battery includes positive and negative battery plates immersed in a sulfuric acid solution. The plates are formed of lead alloys and are coated with positive and negative, respectively, active materials. In addition, the acid solution includes small amounts of Sodium Sulfate that is set in certain proportions to the amount of positive lead oxide materials in the battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition that includes a salt disposed in a matrix in which the salt has a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## in which X.sup.- is --O.sup.-, --N.sup.- SO.sub.2 R.sub.f.sup.3, or ##STR2## Z is --CF.sub.2 --, --O--, --NR.sub.f.sup.8 --, or --SF.sub.4 --; R.sub.f.sup.1 and R.sub.f.sup.2, independently, are --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.m F.sub.2m+1, or --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --SO.sub.2 --X.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sub.f.sup.3, R.sub.f.sup.4, and R.sub.f.sup.5, independently, are --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.mf.sub.2m+1, --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --X.sup.- M.sup.+, ##STR3## R.sub.f.sup.8 is --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.m F.sub.2m+1, or --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --SO.sub.2 --X.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sub.f.sup.6 and R.sub.f.sup.7, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C.sub.r F.sub.2r ; n is 1-4; r is 1-4; m is 1-12; q is 1-4; and M.sup.+ is a counterion.

Abstract: An electrical-storage battery includes a cell defined by two spaced-apart graphite electrode-plates one of which forms a cathode and the other an anode. The cell contains an electrolyte which is an aqueous solution including sulfuric acid. In a charged condition, the electrode-plate which forms a cathode has a surface layer of lead in contact with the electrolyte, and the electrode-plate which forms the anode has a surface layer of manganese dioxide in contact with the electrolyte. In a battery having multiple cells arranged in electrical series, a single graphite electrode-plate physically separates adjacent cells, but electrically connects the cells. This electrode-plate serves as a cathode for one of the adjacent cells, and as an anode for the other.

Abstract: Tri- and tetravalent vanadium solutions suitable for a redox battery are produced as follows. Vanadium pentaoxide or ammonium vanadium is reduced in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid and a reducer, thus producing a solution containing tetravalent vanadium. At least a portion of the trivalent vanadium solution is heated to 180.degree.-250.degree. C., thus producing a trivalent vanadium compound. If the trivalent compound produced is a solid, it is collected and solubilized in water and/or sulfuric acid. Then, unreacted sulfur is filtered out, thus obtaining a trivalent vanadium solution.

Abstract: A thermoelectrochemical system in which an electrical current is generated between a cathode immersed in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution and an anode immersed in an aqueous buffer solution of sodium bisulfate and sodium sulfate. Reactants consumed at the electrodes during the electrochemical reaction are thermochemically regenerated and recycled to the electrodes to provide continuous operation of the system.

Abstract: Charged and uncharged all-vanadium redox batteries are disclosed. Also described are a process for charging the uncharged battery and a process for producing electricity from the charged battery. A process for recharging an all-vanadium redox battery which has been at least partially discharged is also disclosed.

Abstract: A new type of additive to be added to the electrolyte of lead-acid storage batteries to improve their operation, such as chargeability and startability, comprising a mixture of an iron chelate and a magnesium salt or chelate.

Abstract: A manganese or chromium doped positive plate for a lead acid battery, and a method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. Also disclosed is a lead acid battery containing manganese or chromium in the electrolyte. The doped positive plate has increased cycle life, hardness, and resistance to shedding of the active material.

Abstract: A lead-sulfuric acid storage battery in which one or both of the grids supporting the cathodic and anodic reactants comprises a base of stainless steel or titanium having a non-porous conductive coating thereover comprising a sulfuric acid resistant resin containing finely divided conductive particles, such as micronized graphite, the sulfuric acid electrolyte preferably containing a minor amount of titanyl sulfate.

Abstract: A method of producing a sealed electrolyte-limited lead-acid battery is described which includes providing a container having a body portion and a cover with at least one opening therein, providing at least one positive plate, providing at least one negative plate, positioning a separator therebetween, positioning the plates with separator therebetween within the body portion of the container, affixing the cover to the body portion of the container, adding a limited amount of sulfuric acid electrolyte within the body portion containing a metallic sulfate in an amount equivalent to from 0.01 to 2.5 weight percent sodium sulfate, forming charged positive and negative plates therein, and sealing the battery.

Abstract: A maintenance-free battery having improved current draw characteristics is provided by adding elemental cadmium, or a cadmium affording compound such as cadmium sulfate to the electrolyte in amounts sufficient to decrease the current draw that would otherwise occur during overcharge.