Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery which comprises a positive electrode including carbon fluoride or sulfur as an active material, a negative electrode including calcium as an active material, and an electrolyte including an imide salt of calcium or a sulfonic acid salt of calcium.

Abstract: A method of forming an anode comprising zinc for a zinc/air cell. The method involves mixing zinc particles with binders including preferably polyvinylalcohol, surfactant and water to form a wet paste. The wet paste is compacted and molded into the near shape of the cell's anode cavity and then heated to evaporate water. A solid porous zinc mass is formed wherein the zinc particles are held bound within a network with microscopic void spaces between the zinc particles. The solid mass can be inserted into the cell's anode cavity and aqueous alkaline electrolyte, preferably comprising potassium hydroxide, then added. The solid mass absorbs the aqueous electrolyte and expands to fill the anode cavity to form the final fresh anode.

Abstract: The present invention achieves an increased capacity and prolonged life of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the type in which light metals, such as magnesium, calcium or aluminum, are used in the negative electrode. The present invention also provides a thermally stable nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use with such batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery in accordance with the present invention includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium and magnesium; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and an alkyl sulfone having a structure represented by R1R2SO2, where R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group, and at least one type of salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt.

Abstract: Alkaline electrochemical cells containing no added mercury and having a concentration of potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte, prior to discharge, of between about 34 and 37% (w/w solution) and wherein the amount of electrolyte is such that, after a calculated level of one electron discharge of the manganese dioxide, the calculated concentration of potassium hydroxide is between 49.5 and 51.5% (w/w solution), have superior performance in intermittent discharge tests.

Abstract: A charge transfer material comprising a basic compound having negative charge and represented by the following general formula (I): (A1-L)n1-A2·M??(I), wherein A1 represents a group having negative charge; A2 represents a basic group; M represents a cation for neutralizing the negative charge of (A1-L)n1-A2; L represents a divalent linking group or a single bond; and n1 represents an integer of 1 to 3. A photoelectric conversion device and a photo-electrochemical cell comprising the charge transfer material. A new nonvolatile pyridine compound, which is a low-viscosity liquid at room temperature, is preferably used for A2.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electric current producing electrochemical cell is provided comprising an anode and a cathode, an ionically permeable separator interposed between the anode and the cathode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising an ionically conducting salt in a non-aqueous medium, the ionically conducting salt corresponding to the formula: M+(Z*(J*)j(X*)x)?, wherein: M is a lithium atom, Z* is an anion group containing two or more Lewis basic sites and comprising less than 50 atoms not including hydrogen atoms, J* independently each occurance is a Lewis acid coordinated to at least one Lewis basic site of Z*, and optionally two or more such J* groups may be joined together in a moiety having multiple Lewis acidic functionality, X* independently each occurrence is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4 alkyl, alkoxide, halide and mixtures thereof, j is an integer from 2 to 12, and x is an integer from 0 to 4.

Abstract: This invention is directed to modified thermal galvanic cells for conversion of heat into useful electrical energy by electrochemical action using thermal and concentration differences to enhance the power produced by the cell. The cells of the invention comprise active and inert electrodes.

Abstract: A zinc electrode composition is provided for use in low toxicity, high energy density cells having alkaline electrolytes. The zinc electrode comprises zinc oxide, a binder, and from 0.1% up to 10% of a fluoride of an element chosen from the group consisting of silver, gallium, indium, tin, tellurium, lead, bismuth, and combinations thereof. The invention also provides an electrochemical cell having an electrode as noted above. The inventive cell further comprises an electrolyte which contains a mixture of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides, together with boric acid. The excess alkali hydroxide is present in the range of 2.7 to 5M, and the concentration of boric acid is between 0.6 and 1.3 moles per liter.

Abstract: A nickel zinc alkaline cell has a zinc oxide negative electrode supported on a conductive substrate, an alkaline electrolyte, and a positive electrode having nickel hydroxide paste supported on a conductive substrate. The negative zinc oxide electrode comprises 85% to 95% zinc oxide powder, 1% to 10% bismuth oxide, 1% to 2% of a binder, and 0.05% to 5% by weight of a fluoride salt chosen from the group consisting of: sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, lithium, and mixtures thereof. Typically, the fluoride salt is potassium fluoride, in the amount of 0.5% by weight of the zinc oxide.

Abstract: A battery (100) comprises an electrolyte in which a lanthanide and zinc form a redox pair. Preferred electorlytes are acid electrolytes, and most preferably comprise methane sulfonic acid, and it is further contemplated that suitable electrolytes may include at least two lanthanides. Contemplated lanthanides include cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and dysprosium, and further contemplate lanthanides are samarium, europium, thulium and ytterbium.

Abstract: A zinc electrode composition for use in low toxicity, high energy density cells having an alkaline electrolyte. The zinc electrode comprises zinc oxide, a binder, and from between 0.1 up to 10% of a fluoride of an element chosen from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, titanium, aluminum, and combinations thereof. The invention also provides an electrochemical cell having an electrode as noted above. The inventive cell further comprises an electrolyte which contains a mixture of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides, together with boric acid. The excess alkali hydroxide is present in the range of 2.7 to 5M, and the concentration of boric acid is between 0.6 and 1.3 moles per liter.

Abstract: An electric cell using aluminum in a negative electrode has a positive electrode, the negative electrode containing aluminum or aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte includes: at least one ion selected from a group of a sulfate ion (SO42−) and a nitrate ion (NO3−); and an additive. The additive is selected from an organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, an hydrate of the organic acid, an ester of the organic acid, an ion of the organic acid, and derivatives thereof. Thus, the electric cell of the present invention using aluminum in a negative electrode allows the improvements in the voltage and the capacity of the cell as the generation of gas depending on the self-discharge can be prevented.

Abstract: A nickel zinc alkaline cell has a zinc oxide negative electrode supported on a conductive substrate, an alkaline electrolyte, and a positive electrode having nickel hydroxide paste supported on a conductive substrate. The positive electrode further comprises 0.01% to 1% by weight of a fluoride salt, which is a salt of a metal chosen from the group consisting of: potassium, sodium, lithium, rubidium, caesium, a group II metal, a group III metal, a d-block transition metal, an f-block lanthanide, and mixtures thereof. Typically, the fluoride salt is potassium fluoride.

Abstract: A nickel-zinc galvanic cell is provided, having a pasted zinc oxide negative electrode, a pasted nickel oxide positive electrode, and an alkaline electrolyte. Chemical additives are placed in each of the negative and positive electrodes. The positive nickel hydroxide electrode contains a mixture of co-precipitated cobalt oxide in the range of 1% to 10%, and freely added, finely divided cobalt metal in the range of 1% to 5%, by weight. The negative zinc oxide electrode contains oxides other than the oxide of zinc, which have redox potentials which are negative of 0.73 volts. Also, the metal oxide additives to the negative zinc oxide electrode are such as to inhibit release of soluble cobalt from the nickel oxide negative electrode prior to a formation charge being applied to the electrochemical cell. The nickel-zinc cell contains 1% to 15% of the defined metal oxides, having a solubility less than 10−4M in the alkaline electrolyte.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemicals or a combination of chemicals for optimizing the function of a new and already in service lead-acid battery over a long period of time, reducing corrosion on the positive plate, restoring lost capacity due to the accumulation of non-conductive lead sulphate crystals on plates, reducing charging time, and for starting batteries increasing cold crank rating.

Abstract: A gelating agent for an alkaline cell is a cross-linked polymer (A) comprising (meth)acrylic acid and/or its alkali metal salt as a main constituent monomer unit and obtained by an aqueous solution polymerization or a reversed phase suspension polymerization and satisfies the following required conditions (1), (2). The gelating agent has good draining property, satisfactorily high speed charging property of the alkaline electrolytic solution and is therefore effective to produce cells with little unevenness of the charging amount of the electrolytic solution and having uniform quality by mass production and an alkaline cell using the gelating agent is provided with durable discharge time and remarkably excellent impact resistance for a long duration.

Abstract: A zinc electrode composition for use in low toxicity, high energy density cells having an alkaline. The zinc electrode comprises zinc oxide, a binder, and from between 0.1 up to 10% of a fluoride of an element chosen from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, titanium, aluminum, and combinations thereof. The invention also provides an electrochemical cell having an electrode as noted above. The inventive cell further comprises an electrolyte which contains a mixture of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides, together with boric acid. The excess alkali hydroxide is present in the range of 2.7 to 5M, and the concentration of boric acid is between 0.6 and 1.3 moles per litre.

Abstract: A zinc electrode composition is provided for use in low toxicity, high energy density cells having alkaline electrolytes. The zinc electrode comprises zinc oxide, a binder, and from 0.1% up to 10% of a fluoride of an element chosen from the group consisting of silver, gallium, indium, tin, tellurium, lead, bismuth, and combinations thereof. The invention also provides an electrochemical cell having an electrode as noted above. The inventive cell further comprises an electrolyte which contains a mixture of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides, together with boric acid. The excess alkali hydroxide is present in the range of 2.7 to 5M, and the concentration of boric acid is between 0.6 and 1.3 moles per litre.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte composition for a lead storage battery, which can maintain the performance of a storage battery at low temperature by enhancing the performance and life of a storage battery. It can also be fully charged in a short period of time due to a greater current efficiency. The present invention can extend the life of a storage battery due to its effect of removing white-colored lead sulfate without corrosion at the electrode plates, and may lead to recycling of waste storage batteries ruined by white-colored lead sulfate.

Abstract: An electrolyte containing an aqueous solution having potassium hydroxide and potassium pyrophosphate dissolved therein. The electrolyte is used as electrolyte for nickel-zinc alkaline rechargeable batteries.

Abstract: Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and an aluminum-lithium alloy layer over the lithium core. In another embodiment, a surface coating, which is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell, is formed on the anode. In a more particular embodiment, the anode is in an electrolyte solution, and, more particularly, an electrolyte solution including either elemental sulfur, a sulfide, or a polysulfide where the surface coating is composed of Al2S3.

Abstract: An electric storage alkaline battery comprising an electrically neutral alkaline ionic conductor, an anode and a cathode, whereby electric storage is accomplished via electrochemical reduction of the cathode and oxidation of the anode, whereby said cathode includes electrochemically active silver (per)manganate materials.

Abstract: An alkaline electrochemical cell having a hydrogen absorbing alloy negative electrode. The electrochemical cell comprises an alkaline electrolyte comprising an additive material which reduces cell pressure by decreasing hydrogen gas evolution.

Abstract: A nickel zinc alkaline cell has a zinc oxide negative electrode supported on a conductive substrate, an alkaline electrolyte, and a positive electrode having nickel hydroxide paste supported on a conductive substrate. The negative zinc oxide electrode comprises 85% to 95% zinc oxide powder, 1% to 10% bismuth oxide, 1% to 2% of a binder, and 0.05% to 5% by weight of a fluoride salt chosen from the group consisting of: sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, lithium, and mixtures thereof. Typically, the fluoride salt is potassium fluoride, in the amount of 0.5% by weight of the zinc oxide.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery is prepared by injecting a gas additive having a higher reduction potential than a non-aqueous organic solvent into the non-aqueous organic solvent. The gas additive has a reduction potential ranging from 0.5 to 3.5 V based on the Li+ ions. Examples of gas additives include SO2, CO2, and N2O. In a secondary battery using the electrolyte to which the gas additive is not added, the non-aqueous organic solvent itself reacts with lithium ions at the beginning of the battery charging to form a solid electrolyte interface film and produces gases inside the battery, thereby increasing the internal pressure of the battery. However, in the electrolyte containing the gas additive of the present invention, the gas additive reacts with the lithium ions dissolved in the electrolyte to form a solid electrolyte interface film without producing gases that would increase the internal pressure of the battery.

Abstract: An electric cell using aluminum in a negative electrode has a positive electrode, the negative electrode containing aluminum or aluminum alloy, and an electrolyte arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte includes: at least one ion selected from a group of a sulfate ion (SO42−) and a nitrate ion (NO3−); and an additive. The additive is selected from an organic acid, a salt of the organic acid, an hydrate of the organic acid, an ester of the organic acid, an ion of the organic acid, and derivatives thereof. Thus, the electric cell of the present invention using aluminum in a negative electrode allows the improvements in the voltage and the capacity of the cell as the generation of gas depending on the self-discharge can be prevented.

Abstract: A nickel-metal hydride secondary battery comprising electrode group comprising positive electrode comprised mainly of nickel hydroxide, negative electrode comprised mainly of a hydrogen storage alloy, and separator being disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the electrode group is sealed in battery casing, together with an alkali electrolyte liquid, wherein, in the battery, a W element and an Na element are present simultaneously. The nickel-metal hydride secondary battery of the present invention is advantageous not only in that it exhibits high utilization of the active material and excellent self-discharge characteristics in a high temperature storage as well as high charging efficiency in a high temperature environment, but also in that it has excellent large current discharge characteristics.

Abstract: A highly reliable rechargeable battery comprising an anode, a separator, a cathode, an electrolyte or an electrolyte solution, and a housing, characterized in that said anode is structured to have a size which is greater than that of said cathode. The rechargeable battery provides an increased energy density and has a prolonged charging and discharging cycle life, in which a dendrite causing a reduction in the battery performance, which is generated upon operating charging in the conventional rechargeable battery, is effectively prevented from generating or from growing in the case where it should be generated.

Abstract: A laminate comprising an ion conductive material having excellent ion conductivity at room temperature or at lower temperatures, a small water content, sufficiently high mechanical strength and storage stability to allow for handling the ion conductive material in practice, and a form which is easily integrated into an electrochemical element or electrochemical devices. Also disclosed is a production method thereof, and a method of producing a battery, a capacitor or an electrochemical element or apparatus using the laminate. The laminate comprises an intermediate layer of an ion conductive material having on the upper and lower portions thereof outer layers having an ion conductivity lower than that of the intermediate layer. Furthermore, at least one of the outer layers is a layer comprising a non electron-conductive material.

Abstract: An electric storage cell (10) comprises a zinc anode (12) and a sulfur cathode (14), wherein the zinc and the sulfur are in contact with an aqueous solution (22) containing sulfur during the process of battery discharge. In this invention, specific conditions for the aqueous sulfur electrolyte are chosen to overcome the normal ineffectiveness of zinc oxidation in the presence of aqueous zero valent sulfur. Normally, a zinc anode (12) cannot be oxidized in an aqueous solution containing sulfur, because the product of the discharge would be zinc sulfide. This zinc sulfide is a highly insoluble salt and creates a layer which passivates the zinc and renders it completely ineffective to battery discharge. The performance of the battery is made possible by high OH- and HS-ion concentrations formed by the addition of salts to the aqueous zero valent sulfur solution, and permits effective and efficient battery discharge.

Abstract: Batteries including a lithium electrode and a sulfur counter electrode that demonstrate improved cycling efficiencies are described. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having a lithium electrode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The lithium electrode includes a surface coating that is effective to increase the cycling efficiency of said electrochemical cell. In a more particular embodiment, the lithium electrode is in an electrolyte solution, and, more particularly, an electrolyte solution including either elemental sulfur, a sulfide, or a polysulfide. In another embodiment, the coating is formed after the lithium electrode is contacted with the electrolyte. In a more particular embodiment, the coating is formed by a reaction between the lithium metal of the lithium electrode and a chemical species present in the electrolyte.

Abstract: A glass-polymer composite electrolyte includes a glass electrolyte having a lithium compound and at least one compound selected from P.sub.2 S.sub.5, SiS.sub.2 or GeS.sub.2, and a polymer electrolyte comprising a lithium salt.

Abstract: A method for producing polybenzimidazole (PBI) fabrics for use as fuel cell or battery electrolytes by soaking a sulfonated or non-sulfonated PBI fabric in an acid solution, whereby the fibers of the fabric become swollen with the acid solution; and drying the fabric to remove residual water or methanol and concentrating the acid.

Abstract: A sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent polymer made by bulk polymerization and characterized as described herein is a superior gelling agent when provided at a suitable concentration in a gelled anode for an alkaline electrochemical cell. Suitable gelled anodes, alkaline electrochemical cells containing such gelled anodes, and methods for making and using same are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dry composition of materials to be used n a battery system. The dry composition comprises a mixture consisting of sodium hydroxide and sodium oxide. In a first reservoir in the battery system, the mixture is present in an amount sufficient to form with water a heated sodium hydroxide electrolyte solution having a 15% by weight concentration of sodium hydroxide. In a second reservoir in the battery system, the mixture is present in an amount sufficient to form with water a heated sodium hydroxide electrolyte solution having to up to about 75% by weight concentration of sodium hydroxide. The present invention also relates to a battery system and a method for generating electrical power which utilize the aforementioned dry composition of materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for generating acid-free lithium salt solutions for lithium and lithium ion batteries and for preparing high purity lithium salts. The invention comprises removing acid species from lithium salt solutions such as lithium hexafluorophosphate solutions using weak base resins. The process does not require the addition of a base such as ammonia which when added to the electrolytic solution generally must be removed from the final product. Once the lithium salt has been treated by the weak base resin, the substantially acid-free lithium salt solution may be recovered from the weak base resin to provide a solution which may be used as an electrolytic solution or which may be used to prepare high purity lithium salts.

Abstract: A low temperature molten ionic liquid composition comprising a mixture of a metal halide and an alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt is described which is useful as a catalyst and a solvent in alkylation, arylation and polymerization reactions or as an electrolyte for batteries. The metal halide is a covalently bonded metal halide which can contain a metal selected from the group comprised of aluminum, gallium, iron, copper, zinc, and indium, and is most preferably aluminum trichloride. The alkyl-containing amine hydrohalide salt may contain up to three alkyl groups, which are preferably lower alkyl, such as methyl and ethyl.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrochemical cell is provided. The electrolyte is an admixture of H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and a high temperature polymer such as poly(benzimidazole) in ratios between 2:1 and 50:1, Fumed silica is added to the electrolyte at levels between 0.2% and 8% by weight. An electrochemical cell is fabricated using the electrolyte, and exhibits improved adhesion between the electrolyte and the electrode.

Abstract: The high discharge rate performance of a non-aqueous lithium electrochemi cell is improved by dispersing a portion of the lithium conducting salt of the electrolyte uniformly throughout the carbon current collector of the cathode in the form of microcrystals. Upon contact, the electrolyte solubilizes the lithium salt from the carbon current collector, increasing the surface area and thus the efficiency of the carbon current collector.

Abstract: A nickel hydride secondary cell having a positive electrode which contains nickel oxide or nickel hydroxide, a negative electrode which contains a hydrogen occlusion alloy, and an electrolytic solution containing an alkali metal salt as a corrosion inhibitor, which cell has an increased maintenance rate of charge after storage.

Abstract: An ion conductive, fibrous solid electrolyte having a high ion conductivity, a distinguished mechanical strength and a good processability is provided by making an ion conductive solid electrolyte fibrous and glassy and shaping the resulting fibrous glassy solid electrolyte alone or together with thermoplastic resin fibers, and the shaped product is used in a cell as a solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Vibration and shock resistance of alkaline batteries provided with a gel type negative electrode comprising a zinc alloy powder, a gelling agent and an alkaline electrolyte can be improved by using the following three gelling agents in combination in the gel type negative electrode, namely, a crosslinked polyacrylate type water-absorbing polymer having a dispersion viscosity at 25.degree. C. of at least 15,000 cps as a 0.5 wt % aqueous solution and having a particle size of mainly 100-900 microns, a crosslinked and branched type polyacrylic acid or a salt thereof having a dispersion viscosity at 25.degree. C. of at least 15,000 cps as a 0.5 wt % aqueous solution and having a particle size of mainly 100 microns or smaller, and a granular crosslinked and branched type polyacrylic acid or a salt thereof having a dispersion viscosity at 25.degree. C. of at least 15,000 cps as 0.5 wt % aqueous solution and having a particle size of mainly 100-900 microns.

Abstract: An alkaline gel electrolyte for an electrochemical cell is based on a polymeric binder of polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinyl acetate. Potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide is blended into the polymeric binder or matrix, and the resulting solution is used to cast a film that is useful as a gel electrolyte. The hydroxide in the solution is between about 1% to 25% by weight, and the polymer concentration is between about 0.5% to 10% by weight. The resulting gel electrolyte film contains between 10 to 90% water by weight. A nickel or iron porphine modifier may be added in an amount between about 1 to 1000 parts per million. The alkaline gel electrolyte is useful in combination with asymmetric inorganic electrodes to make electrochemical cells, and can also function as a separator. Improved power density and higher cycle life is achieved with the gel electrolyte.

Abstract: A rechargeable electrochemical cell comprising a first electrode capable of reversibly incorporating on the surface thereof an alkali metal, a second electrode capable of reversibly incorporating therein ions of the alkali metal, and an electrolyte in contact with the first and second electrodes, the cell being characterized in that prior to charging the surface of the first electrode is substantially free from the alkali-metal.

Abstract: A sulfur/aluminum battery in which an aluminum anode and an aqueous alkaline/polysulfide electrolytic solution are in direct contact. At high polysulfide concentrations, parasitic chemical reactions between the aluminum and sulfur are minimized, allowing for efficient oxidation of the aluminum anode, and resulting in a battery having high energy and power densities.

Abstract: An improved alkali metal/mixed metal oxide electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by dissolving a carbon oxide such as CO.sub.2 in the electrolyte.

Abstract: An ion conductor for electrochemical cells, comprising an alkali metal salt or a mixture of alkali metal salts, and mixed therewith on oligomer and/or polymer (hereinafter referred to simply as "polymers"), having at least one phosphazene base unit. The polymers are chemically stable with respect to the constituents of the ion conductor, and have an inorganic atom or an inorganic compound positioned at the phosphorous atom of at least one phosphazene base unit thereof. To form the ion conductor the alkali metal salts are heated to the melting temperature and the alkali metal salts, preferably fused to a low viscosity state, are admixed with the polymers which are dissolved in the alkali metal salt melt.

Abstract: The present invention consists in a rechargeable cell having an anode made from materials in which lithium can be inserted, a cathode and an electrolyte constituted by a solution of a lithium salt in a non-aqueous solvent. The material of said cathode includes at least one substance which is a yellow-green single-phase oxide of lithium and manganese with an orthorhombic crystal structure with the following lattice parameters: a=0.459.+-.0.004 nm, b=0.577.+-.0.004 nm and c=0.281.+-.0.003 nm and containing lithium ions in a molar ratio Li/Mn such that 0.85.ltoreq.Li/Mn.ltoreq.1.10. After a first charge said substance is discharged in two stages of which the higher is at a mean voltage greater than 3.5 volts relative to the lithium.

Abstract: An electrolyte system for use in an electrochemical cell such as a battery or capacitor, and which includes an aqueous electrolyte and a modifier species. The modifier should be adapted to act as a surfactant, as well as reduce oxidation of the electrode materials in the electrochemical cell. The aqueous electrolyte may be, for example, KOH, and the modifier species may be a porphine or porphine derivatives.

Abstract: An electrochemical storage device is fabricated from two opposing asymmetric electrode assemblies (10) and (11) and a solid polymer electrolyte (15). A first electrode is fabricated from a conducting polymer such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, or polythiothene. The second electrode is fabricated from a metal, metal hydroxides, metal oxides and combinations thereof. The solid polymer electrolyte is in intimate contact with and situated between the first and second electrodes. The solid polymer electrolyte may be made from a polymeric binder or support structure such as polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, or other polymeric materials. Dispersed in the polymeric support structure may be either an acidic or basic material, such as KOH or H.sub.3 PO.sub.4.