Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to methods of preparing porous silicon particulates by: (a) electrochemically etching a silicon substrate, where electrochemical etching comprises exposure of the silicon substrate to an electric current density, and where electrochemical etching produces a porous silicon film over the silicon substrate; (b) separating the porous silicon film from the silicon substrate, where the separating comprises a gradual increase of the electric current density in sequential increments; (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) a plurality of times; (d) electrochemically etching the silicon substrate in accordance with step (a) to produce a porous silicon film over the silicon substrate; (e) chemically etching the porous silicon film and the silicon substrate; and (f) splitting the porous silicon film and the silicon substrate to form porous silicon particulates.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating a battery using an anode preloaded with consumable metals. The method forms an ion-permeable membrane immersed in an electrolyte. A preloaded anode is immersed in the electrolyte, comprising MeaX, where X is a material such as carbon, metal capable of being alloyed with Me, intercalation oxides, electrochemically active organic compounds, and combinations of the above-listed materials. Me is a metal such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and combinations of the above-listed metals. A cathode is also immersed in the electrolyte and separated from the preloaded anode by the ion-permeable membrane. The cathode comprises M1YM2Z(CN)N.MH2O. After a plurality of initial charge and discharge operations are preformed, an anode is formed comprising MebX overlying the current collector in a battery discharge state, where 0?b<a.

Abstract: A method is presented for fabricating an anode preloaded with consumable metals. The method provides a material (X), which may be one of the following materials: carbon, metals able to be electrochemically alloyed with a metal (Me), intercalation oxides, electrochemically active organic compounds, and combinations of the above-listed materials. The method loads the metal (Me) into the material (X). Typically, Me is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination of the two. As a result, the method forms a preloaded anode comprising Me/X for use in a battery comprising a M1YM2Z(CN)N·MH2O cathode, where M1 and M2 are transition metals. The method loads the metal (Me) into the material (X) using physical (mechanical) mixing, a chemical reaction, or an electrochemical reaction. Also provided is preloaded anode, preloaded with consumable metals.

Abstract: A nano graphene-enabled vanadium oxide composite composition for use as a lithium battery cathode active material, wherein the composite composition is formed of one or a plurality of graphene, graphene oxide, or graphene fluoride sheets or platelets and a plurality of nano-particles, nano-rods, nano-wires, nano-sheets, and/or nano-belts of a vanadium oxide with a size smaller than 100 nm (preferably smaller than 20 nm, further preferably smaller than 10 nm, and most preferably smaller than 5 nm), and wherein the graphene, graphene oxide, or graphene fluoride (having a thickness <20 nm, preferably <10 nm, further preferably <5 nm, and being most preferably of single-layer or less than 5 layers) is in an amount of from 0.01% to 50% (preferably <10%) by weight based on the total weight of graphene, graphene oxide or graphene fluoride and the vanadium oxide combined.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode material for a lithium battery with an atomic ratio expressed by the formula (I) Lia(MxMn2-x)(O4-yZy) for 0.8?a?1.2, 0?x?1 and 0?y?1 in which M is one or more of Li, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, Sc, Ge, V, Cr, Zr, Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, La, Ce, Mn, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Ru, Ag, Sn, Pb and Si and Z is one or more of OH, halogens, N, P, S and O, and the primary particles of the positive electrode material have a spheroidal topography. The adjacent (111) family planes of the primary particles are connected by curved surfaces without obvious edges. A preparing method of a positive electrode material for a lithium battery and a lithium battery are also provided. The positive electrode material of the present invention provides a good high-temperature cycling performance and filling capability.

Abstract: A negative electrode for rechargeable lithium batteries includes a current collector, a porous active material layer having a metal-based active material disposed on the current collector, and a high-strength binder layer on the porous active material layer. The high-strength binder layer has a strength ranging from 5 to 70 MPa. The negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery according to the present invention can improve cycle-life characteristics by suppressing volume expansion and reactions of an electrolyte at the electrode surface.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a cathode; an anode; and an electrolytic solution. The anode includes a lithium composite oxide represented by following Formula (1), LiwZnxSnyMzO4??(1) where M is one or more of Co, Mg, Ni, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Ag; and w to z satisfy 0.3?w?1, 0.3?x?1, 0.8?y?1.2, and (w+x+y+z)=3.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the fabrication of thin aluminum anode batteries using a highly reproducible process that enables high volume manufacturing of the galvanic cells. A method of fabricating a thin aluminum anode galvanic cell is provided, the method comprising, forming a recess in the silicon wafer, the recess having no more than three sidewalls, depositing a catalytic metal layer on a bottom surface of the recess, positioning a double-side sticky tape layer having a bottom side positioned to contact the no more than three sidewalls of the recess and positioning an aluminum foil layer to contact a top side of the double-side sticky tape layer and in overlying relation to the recess, thereby forming the galvanic cell.

Abstract: Variations of the invention provide an improved aluminum battery consisting of an aluminum anode, a non-aqueous electrolyte, and a cathode comprising a metal oxide, a metal fluoride, a metal sulfide, or sulfur. The cathode can be fully reduced upon battery discharge via a multiple-electron reduction reaction. In some embodiments, the cathode materials are contained within the pore volume of a porous conductive carbon scaffold. Batteries provided by the invention have high active material specific energy densities and good cycling stabilities at a variety of operating temperatures.

Abstract: A composite cathode active material, a method of preparing the composite cathode active material, and a cathode and a lithium battery each including the composite cathode active material. The composite cathode active material includes a core including a lithium intercalatable oxide which enables intercalation and deintercalation of lithium; and a coating layer disposed on at least a portion of the core, wherein the conductive layer includes a lithium metal oxide which is an inactive lithium ion conductor, and wherein the lithium metal oxide contains a metal which has an atomic weight of 27 Daltons or more and is selected an element of Groups 3 to 14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: A lithium metal oxide composite for a lithium secondary battery includes a core portion formed of a Mn metal compound and a shell portion formed of a three-component system metal compound at an outside of the core portion. A method of preparing a lithium metal oxide composite for a lithium secondary battery includes: mixing an Mn metal salt aqueous solution, a chelate agent, and a pH regulator to precipitate a first precursor; thermally treating the obtained first precursor; mixing the thermally treated first precursor with a three component system metal salt aqueous solution, a chelate agent, and a pH regulator to precipitate a second precursor; and mixing the obtained second precursor with a lithium-containing compound to synthesize a powder via a firing.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode material comprising a mixture of an oxide powder (a) defined herein and an oxide powder (b) selected from the group consisting of an oxide powder (b1) defined herein and an oxide powder (b2) defined herein and a combination thereof wherein a mix ratio of the two oxide powders (oxide powder (a): oxide powder (b)) is 50:50 to 90:10. The cathode material uses a combination of an oxide powder (a) and 50% or less of an oxide powder (b) which can exert high capacity, high cycle stability, superior storage stability and high-temperature stability, thus advantageously exhibiting high energy density and realizing high capacity batteries.

Abstract: A positive active material including: a lithium-containing oxide, and a lithium-intercalatable phosphate compound disposed on the lithium-containing oxide.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell has an electrode which includes a zinc-indium alloy as electrochemically active material, wherein the alloy is present in the form of particles and the entirety of the particles is composed of at least two particle fractions differing in indium concentration.

Abstract: Provided are: a solid electrolyte battery using a novel positive electrode active material that functions in an amorphous state; and a novel positive electrode active material that functions in an amorphous state. The solid electrolyte battery includes: a positive electrode layer including a positive electrode active material layer; a negative electrode layer; and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, and the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-boric acid compound in an amorphous state, which contains Li, B, any element M1 selected from Cu, Ni, Co, Mn, Au, Ag, and Pd, and O.

Abstract: A cathode composite material includes a cathode active material and a coating layer coated on a surface of the cathode active material. The cathode active material includes a layered type lithium transition metal oxide. A material of the coating layer is a lithium metal oxide having a crystal structure belonging to C2/c space group of the monoclinic crystal system. The present disclosure also relates to a lithium ion battery including the cathode composite material.

Abstract: A composite anode active material, an anode including the composite anode active material, a lithium battery including the anode, and a method of preparing the composite anode active material. The composite anode active material includes: a shell including a hollow carbon fiber; and a core disposed in a hollow of the hollow carbon fiber, wherein the core includes a first metal nanostructure and a conducting agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel class of silver oxyfluoride based electrode materials based on the perovskite structure used in primary and rechargeable electromechanical energy storage systems.

Abstract: A composite anode active material, a method of preparing the composite anode active material, and a lithium battery including the lithium battery. According to the method of preparing the composite anode active material, carbon nanotubes are formed on a Si particle without a separate operation of applying a catalyst. Furthermore, high adherence is provided between the Si particle and carbon nanotubes, and therefore the composite anode active material is used as an anode material of the lithium battery.

Abstract: Silver positive electrode for alkali secondary batteries having an enhanced cycling capability, and consequently a longer lifetime in cycling of the storage batteries incorporating it, by optimizing, in recharge mode, the conditions for electrochemically reducing the oxidized silver species. The silver electrode according to the invention is of the plasticized type, and a high-porosity collector, such as a woven fabric, a felt or a reticulated cellular metal foam, is used. The active compound introduced into the collector is prepared in paste form, in which the active material consists of metallic silver particles and/or silver monoxide particles, and may advantageously include a metal oxide acting as pore-forming and wetting agent for the electrode. Such an electrode is particularly intended for mounting in silver-zinc storage batteries operating in open mode or sealed mode.

Abstract: In an aspect, a composite anode active material including a lithium titanium oxide; and phosphates, a method of preparing the composite anode active material, and a lithium battery including the composite anode active material is provided.

Abstract: An orientation independent delivery device. The delivery device includes a gas chamber, a delivery chamber, a gas cell, and a delivery aperture. The gas chamber includes a gas-side rigid portion and a gas-side flexible barrier. The gas-side flexible barrier is sealed to the gas-side rigid portion. The delivery chamber includes a delivery-side rigid portion and a delivery-side flexible barrier. The delivery-side flexible barrier is sealed to the delivery-side rigid portion and is oriented adjacent to the gas-side flexible barrier. The gas cell is coupled to the gas-side rigid portion of the gas chamber. The gas cell increases a gas pressure within the gas chamber to expand the gas-side flexible barrier. Expansion of the gas-side flexible barrier applies a compressive force to the delivery-side flexible barrier allowing a delivery material to escape from the delivery chamber.

Abstract: In an aspect, a composite anode active material including lithium titanium oxide particles; and a TiN, and TiN a method of preparing the composite anode active material, and a lithium battery including the composite anode active material is provided.

Abstract: An anode includes a plurality of metal fibers with a three-dimensional (3D) network structure, and a silicon-containing layer having a thickness of about 0.3 ?m or less formed on a surface of and inside the 3D network structure of the plurality of metal fibers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an anode active material for a lithium secondary battery, comprising a carbon material, and a coating layer formed on the surface of particles of the carbon material and having a plurality of Sn-based domains having an average diameter of 1 ?m or less. The inventive anode active material having a Sn-based domains coating layer on the surface of a carbon material can surprisingly prevent stress due to volume expansion which generates by an alloy of Sn and lithium. Also, the inventive method for preparing an anode active material can easily control the thickness of the coating layer.

Abstract: Batteries with particularly high energy capacity and low internal impedance have been described herein. The batteries can exhibit extraordinary long cycling with acceptable low amounts of fade. Pouch batteries using high specific capacity lithium rich metal oxide as positive electrode material combined with graphitic carbon anode can reach an energy density of at least about 180 Wh/kg at a rate of C/3 from 4.35V to 2V at room temperature while having a room temperature areas specific DC resistance of no more than about 75 ohms-cm2 at 20% SOC based on a full charge to 4.35V. High specific capacity lithium rich metal oxide with specific stoichiometry ranges used in these batteries are disclosed.

Abstract: Ferrous (II) phosphate (Fe3(PO4)2) powders, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders for a Li-ion battery and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The ferrous (II) phosphate powders are represented by the following formula (I): Fe(3-x)Mx(PO4)2.yH2O??(I) wherein, M, x, and y are defined in the specification, the ferrous (II) phosphate powders are composed of plural flake powders, and the length of each of the flake powders is 0.2-10 ?m.

Abstract: A negative active material for a lithium battery with an improved cycle characteristic and capacity retention rate, and the negative active material comprises a plurality of particles comprising a plurality of first particles comprising Si, Ti, and Ni; and composite particles comprising a plurality of second particles in which at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ni, Au, Ag, Pd, Cr, Mn, Ti, B, and P is partially or completely deposited on surface(s) of other of first particles, a method of preparing the negative active material, and a lithium battery including a negative electrode including the negative active material.

Abstract: Provided are examples of electrochemically active electrode materials, electrodes using such materials, and methods of manufacturing such electrodes. Electrochemically active electrode materials may include a high surface area template containing a metal silicide and a layer of high capacity active material deposited over the template. The template may serve as a mechanical support for the active material and/or an electrical conductor between the active material and, for example, a substrate. Due to the high surface area of the template, even a thin layer of the active material can provide sufficient active material loading and corresponding battery capacity. As such, a thickness of the layer may be maintained below the fracture threshold of the active material used and preserve its structural integrity during battery cycling.

Abstract: An electrochemical device manufactured using an electrode layer in which severe increase of electrode resistance is prevented and/or a solid electrolyte layer in which severe decrease of ion conductivity of a solid electrolyte is prevented is provided. The electrochemical device includes a pair of electrode layers, and a solid electrolyte layer provided between the pair of electrode layers, wherein at least one layer of the electrode layers and the solid electrolyte layer is composed of first particles each providing a function of the at least one layer, second particles and a binder which is composed of an organic polymer and binds the first and second particles, and wherein the at least one layer is formed from a mixture material containing the first particles and binder particles, each of the binder particles including the second particle and the binder carried on at least a part of a surface thereof.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes an electrolyte; a cathode; and an anode including a negative active material of Formula LixNi?Mn?Co?M1?M2mO2-zM3z?; where M1 is Mg, Zn, Al, Ga, B, Zr, Ti, V, Cr Ag, Cu, Na, Mn, Fe, Cu, or Zr; M2 is P, S, Si, W, or Mo; M3 is F, Cl and N; 0<x; 0???1; 0???1; 0???1; 0???1; 0?m?0.5; 0?z?0.5; and 0?z??0.5, where at least one of ?, ?, and ? is greater than 0.

Abstract: A positive active material including a lithium transition metal oxide with a layered or spinel structure; and a plurality of CNTs on a surface of the lithium transition metal oxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery comprising: a core including a compound represented by chemical formula 1, and a shell including a compound represented by chemical formula 2, wherein the material composition of the core and the material composition of the shell are different; and a lithium secondary battery including the cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the fabrication of thin aluminum anode batteries using a highly reproducible process that enables high volume manufacturing of the galvanic cells. In the present invention, semiconductor fabrication methods are used to fabricate aluminum galvanic cells, wherein a catalytic material to be used as the cathode is deposited on a substrate and an insulating spacing material is deposited on the cathode and patterned using photolithography. The spacing material can either be used as a sacrificial layer to expose the electrodes or serve as a support for one of the electrodes. Similarly, the aluminum anode may be deposited and patterned on another substrate and bonded to the first substrate, or can be deposited directly on the insulating material prior to patterning. The cell is packaged and connected to a delivery system to provide delivery of the electrolyte when activation of the cell is desired.

Abstract: A nanosized particle has a first phase that is a simple substance or a solid solution of element A, which is Si, Sn, Al, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ge, In or Zn, and a second phase that is a compound of element D, which is Fe, Co, Ni, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Ba, lanthanoid elements (not including Ce and Pm), Hf, Ta, W or Ir, and element A, or a compound of element A and element M, which is Cu, Ag, or Au. The first phase and second phase are bound via an interface, and are exposed to the outer surface. The surface of the first phase other than the interface is approximately spherical. Furthermore, a lithium ion secondary battery includes the nanosized particle as an anode active material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to primary and secondary electrochemical energy storage systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to such systems as battery cells, especially battery cells utilizing metal fluorides with the presence of phosphates or fluorophosphates, which use materials that take up and release ions as a means of storing and supplying electrical energy.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a first electrode comprising a first material and a second electrode comprising a second material, at least a portion of the first and second materials forming an interpenetrating network when dispersed in an electrolyte, the electrolyte, the first material and the second material are selected so that the first and second materials exert a repelling force on each other when combined. An electrochemical device, includes a first electrode in electrical communication with a first current collector; a second electrode in electrical communication with a second current collector; and an ionically conductive medium in ionic contact with said first and second electrodes, wherein at least a portion of the first and second electrodes form an interpenetrating network and wherein at least one of the first and second electrodes comprises an electrode structure providing two or more pathways to its current collector.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to electrode materials, electrochemical cells employing such materials, and methods of synthesizing such materials. The electrode materials have a crystal structure with a high ratio of Li to metal M, which is found to improve capacity by enabling the transfer of a greater amount of lithium per metal, and which is also found to improve stability by retaining a sufficient amount of lithium after charging. Furthermore, synthesis techniques are presented which result in improved charge and discharge capacities and reduced particle sizes of the electrode materials.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes: a fiber negative electrode having a surface on which a negative electrode active material coating is formed, the coating containing a compound of AaMbXcZd; a fiber positive electrode including a positive electrode active material coating containing nickel hydroxide; an aqueous electrolyte solution; and a separator. The negative electrode coating has an uncoated surface. A is selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba; M is selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, Pr, Sm, Eu, and Pb; X is selected from the group consisting of B, Al, Si, P, S, Ga, and Ge; Z is selected from the group consisting of O, S, N, F, Cl, Br, and I; and 0?a?6, 1?b?5, 0?c?4, 0<d?12, and 0?a/b?4.

Abstract: Ferrous (II) phosphate (Fe3(PO4)2) powders, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders for a Li-ion battery and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The ferrous (II) phosphate powders are represented by the following formula (I): Fe(3-x)Mx(PO4)2.yH2O??(I) wherein, M, x, and y are defined in the specification, the ferrous (II) phosphate powders are composed of plural flake powders, and the length of each of the flake powders is 0.2-10 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are a lithium manganese oxide positive active material for a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion secondary battery including the same. The lithium manganese oxide positive active material includes a spinel lithium manganese oxide of three or more types of particles having different sizes mixed therein, wherein first type particles have an average diameter of 5 ?m or greater, second type particles have an average diameter of 1 ?m or less, third type particles have an average diameter of 200 nm or less, and the average diameter of the second type particles is greater than that of the third type particles.

Abstract: Electrochemical devices which incorporate cathode materials that include layered crystalline compounds for which a structural modification has been achieved which increases the diffusion rate of multi-valent ions into and out of the cathode materials. Examples in which the layer spacing of the layered electrode materials is modified to have a specific spacing range such that the spacing is optimal for diffusion of magnesium ions are presented. An electrochemical cell comprised of a positive intercalation electrode, a negative metal electrode, and a separator impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution containing multi-valent ions and arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode active material is described.

Abstract: Provided is a positive electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery sequentially including a positive electrode collector, a positive electrode active material layer able to insert/extract lithium ions, and a lithium ion conductive layer.

Abstract: A negative active material, a method of preparing the negative active material and a lithium ion battery comprising the negative active material are provided. The negative active material may comprise: a core (1) composed of a carbon material; and a plurality of composite materials (2) attached to a surface of the core (1), each of which may comprise a first material (21) and a second material (22) coated on the first material (21), in which the first material (21) may be at least one selected from the elements that may form an alloy with lithium, and the second material (22) may be at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides and transition metal sulfides.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical cell with a catalytic electrode and an aqueous alkaline electrolyte within a cell housing having one or more ports for the passage of a gas to or from the catalytic electrode and a process for making the cell. The catalytic electrode includes a catalytic layer, containing a catalytic material, and a porous current collector, at least partially embedded in the catalytic layer. The current collector includes a substrate with an electrically conductive metal layer, in contact with the catalytic material on the side of the current collector facing the ports, and a coating including electrically conductive particles, in contact with the catalytic layer on the side facing the separator.

Abstract: Provided are a positive active material including a spinel lithium manganese oxide surface-coated with one or more types of nanoparticles selected from olivine-type lithium metal phosphate and metal oxide, a method of preparing the same and a lithium secondary battery using the same. The positive active material provides a lithium secondary battery having improved high-temperature cycle life characteristic and capacity per weight.

Abstract: A negative active material, a method for preparing the negative active material and a lithium ion battery comprising the same are provided. The negative active material may comprise: a core, an intermediate layer consisting of a first material and an outmost layer consisting of a second material, which is coated on a surface of the intermediate layer. The first material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of the elements that form alloys with lithium, and the second material may be at least one selected from the group consisting of transition metal oxides, transition metal nitrides and transition metal sulfides.

Abstract: The present technology is able to provide a solid electrolyte cell that uses a positive electrode active material which has a high ionic conductivity in an amorphous state, and a positive electrode active material which has a high ionic conductivity in an amorphous state. The solid electrolyte cell has a stacked body, in which, a positive electrode side current collector film, a positive electrode active material film, a solid electrolyte film, a negative electrode potential formation layer and a negative electrode side current collector film are stacked, in this order, on a substrate. The positive electrode active material film is made up with an amorphous-state lithium phosphate compound that contains Li; P; an element M1 selected from Ni, Co, Mn, Au, Ag, and Pd; and O, for example.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochemical storage devices, such as supercapacitors, batteries, etc., and more particularly to such devices that comprise an electrochemically active coaxial nanowire. The invention particularly concerns such devices in which the coaxial nanowire comprises an inner core of a transition metal oxide and an axially surrounding outer shell composed of an electroconductive organic polymer, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The invention particularly relates to a facile method for achieving the self-assembly of such coaxial nanowires.

Abstract: Provided are separator systems for electrochemical systems providing electronic, mechanical and chemical properties useful for a variety of applications including electrochemical storage and conversion. Embodiments provide structural, physical and electrostatic attributes useful for managing and controlling dendrite formation and for improving the cycle life and rate capability of electrochemical cells including silicon anode based batteries, air cathode based batteries, redox flow batteries, solid electrolyte based systems, fuel cells, flow batteries and semisolid batteries. Disclosed separators include multilayer, porous geometries supporting excellent ion transport properties, providing a barrier to prevent dendrite initiated mechanical failure, shorting or thermal runaway, or providing improved electrode conductivity and improved electric field uniformity.