Abstract: A mass plate electrode comprises a tablet of active material in a container of nickel gauze. The container consists of a cup and a lid which are joined by overlapping peripheral closure portions which are pressed into abutting attachment with each other to form an annular rim which is then bent over so as to embrace the side-wall portion of the cup.Prior to bending the rim over, the abutting closure portions of the cup and the lid are subjected to planishing or swaging to reduce the combined thickness of the two abutting closure portions by one half.

Abstract: The invention resides in a process for restoration of nickel-cadmium batteries which are rechargeable. The battery is submersed in boiling water and is maintained therein for a period of time of approximately 15 to 20 minutes. The battery is removed from the boiling water and is immediately cooled to approximately room temperature. Preferably such cooling is effected by submersion of the battery in water at a temperature of from 45.degree. to 50.degree. F. in which water bath the battery is permitted to cool for a period of approximately 20 minutes. The battery is then in condition for electrical recharging.

Abstract: A novel process is provided for producing an improved electrode for an alkaline battery comprising the steps of adding an unsintered fluorocarbon resin powder to an active material powder and intimately mixing them together, applying a shear force to said mixture to thereby form agglomerates capable of retaining said active material powder in a network structure resulting from a fiber-formation of said fluorocarbon resin powder, adding an aqueous solution of a paste to said agglomerates, kneading them to mutually bind said agglomerates and thus forming a rubbery mass converting said rubbery mass into a sheet and attaching the sheet thus formed onto an electrically conductive core. The process provides an electrode having excellent reactivity and results in improved production efficiency.

Abstract: An electrode grid comprising a sintered mat or felt of graphite fibers which are coated with a mixture of from about 85 to less than 100 weight percent of nickel and from more than zero to about 15 weight percent of phosphorous, the graphite fibers having a density greater than 1.8 gm/cm.sup.3. The grid is attached to an electrical connector and then impregnated with an active material such as nickel hydroxide or cadmium hydroxide to form an electrode.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing plastic bonded electrodes and battery plates, having a preselected porosity. The electrodes and battery plates are adapted for use in electro-chemical power sources. A loose active mass is mixed with a plastic material and a plasticizing and/or pore forming agent. The mixture is homogenized and thereafter rolled onto a metallic current collector so that a plastic skeleton is formed thereon or therein. The active mass then reacts with an electrolyte so as to act as a two-phase electrode.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alkaline primary battery of the type having a negative electrode containing cadmium of amalgamated zinc and a positive electrode containing monovalent silver oxide, mercuric oxide, or mixtures of these oxides with manganese dioxide, the positive electrode having an electrochemically active surface area facing the negative electrode. At positive electrodes, self-discharge can be caused by the solubility of the active material. It is an object of this invention to provide an improved alkaline primary battery designed to reduce this type of self-discharge, without impairing the internal resistance of the battery.

Abstract: A cadmium patch laminar electrode, comprising a dispersion of particulate cadmium in a binder matrix on a conductive plastic substrate is prepared by contacting a zinc patch electrode comprising a dispersion of particulate zinc in a binder matrix on a conductive plastic substrate with an aqueous solution of a cadmium salt. The cadmium patch electrode can be used in a primary electrochemical cell such as that employing a manganese dioxide cathode and a cadmium chloride electrolyte.

Abstract: A stable high capacity battery employs a lead foil having cadmium plated on at least one side thereof to a thickness of about 0.1 to 3 mils as the anode.

Abstract: An alkaline silver oxide cell employing a positive electrode comprising a major amount of divalent silver oxide and wherein a minor amount of zinc oxide is incorporated into the positive electrode to reduce the duration of the divalent silver oxide step voltage normally observed during discharge of the cell.

Abstract: A method for precharging the negative electrode of a nickel-cadmium alkaline storage cell whose electrodes are assembled in an at least partially discharged state, wherein before the first charge of the cell, a calculated quantity of a material is introduced in the cell, such material being irreversibly oxidizable in an alkaline medium at a potential such that it is anodically oxidized before nickel hydroxide without evolving any gas, then the cell is charged in the normal way. The material preferably is an organic material of the general formula C.sub.x H.sub.y O.sub.z ; most preferably where x=n, y=2n+2, and z=1, with n less than 4. This particular class of materials comprises the three saturated mono-alcohols: methanol, ethanol and propanol.

Abstract: Excessive hydrogen pressure buildup in a sealed nickel cadmium cell during overdischarge of the cell is avoided by adsorption of the evolved hydrogen on an exposed catalyst (c) embodied in the negative cadmium electrode and combination of the adsorbed hydrogen and the active medium of the negative electrode according to the reactionsH.sub.2 + (c) .fwdarw. 2H(c)2H(c) + Cd(OH).sub.2 .fwdarw. 2H.sub.

Abstract: An alkaline nickel-cadmium storage battery whose container accommodates cells connected in-series by intercell connectors, the jars of said cells containing positive cerametallic plates in combination with pasted cadmium-oxide negative plates with separators in between; said plates are combined into groups with the aid of terminal posts.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alkaline primary battery of the type having a negative electrode containing cadmium or amalgamated zinc and a positive electrode containing monovalent silver oxide, mercuric oxide, or mixtures of these oxides with manganese dioxide, the positive electrode having an electrochemically active surface area facing the negative electrode. At positive electrodes, self-discharge can be caused by the solubility of the active material. It is an object of this invention to provide an improved alkaline primary battery designed to reduce this type of self-discharge, without impairing the internal resistance of the battery.

Abstract: A pasted or pressed plate for an electrolytic cell or battery having an electrically conductive, perforated substrate with embossed major surfaces.

Abstract: An accumulator having an acid electrolyte and possessing two electrodes of the first kind mounted on base electrodes. The active material on the positive side contains manganese dioxide. The base electrode on the negative side consists of powdered graphite embedded in a binder which is resistant to the electrolyte. The base electrode on the positive side has a coarse porous structure and consists of graphite or titanium coated with titanium nitride or titanium carbide. The average pore diameters are from 0.1 to 2 mm and the pore volume is from 20 to 70%.

Abstract: Accumulators having solution electrodes containing manganese dioxide and lead dioxide as active material on the cathode side and containing acid electrolytes. The electrolyte has a content of onium salts soluble in aqueous medium.

Abstract: An accumulator battery, which may be called an alkaline lead battery, uses as negative material the typical electrode anode materials of the alkaline battery, e.g., iron, cadmium, etc., and as positive material lead dioxide or other difficultly soluble lead (IV) compounds which are formed thanks to the addition of anions like sulphate etc., to the alkaline electrolyte. During discharge the positive electrode material is reduced to lead (II) compounds containing the anion added to the electrolyte. The electrolyte has alkaline reaction during the whole cycle of charge and discharge.

Abstract: An improved aqueous metal-halogen electrochemical cell, particularly a zinc bromide cell, contains a water soluble tetraorgano-substituted ammonium salt in the electrolyte which forms a substantially water insoluble liquid complex with cathodic halogen thereby reducing self-discharge of the cell. Particularly preferred as the ammonium salt is N-ethyl, N-methyl morpholinium bromide.

Abstract: Organic-aqueous two-phase electrolytes are disclosed in which the organic phase is capable of complexing halogen in cells and batteries of the type which utilize the electrochemical reaction X.sub.2 .revreaction.2X.sup.-, where X is Br, Cl, I or a combination of these halides. The organic phase of the two-phase electrolyte contains an organic halogen salt which provides both conductivity and the ability to complex halogens and prevent them from being dissolved in the aqueous phase of the electrolyte of the cell or battery in which they are used.

Abstract: An improved metal-halogen electrochemical cell particularly a zinc bromide cell, contains a water soluble organo substituted amino acid salt in the electrolyte which forms a substantially water insoluble liquid complex with cathodic halogen thereby reducing self-discharge of the cell.

Abstract: A fast chargeable and rechargeable energy storage system to serve as an electrical power supply, that can be fully charged or recharged in less than a minute, consisting of an electric cell with two polar electrodes, as to anode and cathode, with an electrolyte between them, in which the anode and the electrolyte are essentially non-gassing, and the operation during charge is a coupling of a chemical process with an electrochemical process. Circuit voltage is open 0.75 volt and energy storage capacity about 37.5 milliwatt hours in presently available units of small size.

Abstract: A process is described for making alkaline batteries in which particular attention is given to the pretreatment of nickel plaques prior to impregnation. This pretreatment involves production of a uniform thin oxide film on the nickel plaque surface under carefully controlled conditions. This pretreatment prevents corrosion under conditions for commercial production of electrodes for alkaline batteries and permits not only higher loadings but more uniform loadings of the electrodes.

Abstract: To provide an indication that a predetermined amount of the energy of a cell has been used up, the positive electrode is formulated with two or more ingredients having different electrochemical potentials relative to the negative electrode. As each ingredient is used up, the voltage between the electrodes drops to the next potential difference, thereby indicating a predetermined quantity of energy has been used, and that the remaining reserve is at or less than the amount at which the voltage is predesigned to drop.The use of such a step voltage cell in a battery provides a measure of the condition of the battery when the voltage drops, due to the voltage drop in such pilot cell.

Abstract: A cadmium-tin-lead alloy composition containing at least 0.4 percent by weight of both cadmium and tin is used for forming the straps employed which weld together the lugs of the grids in lead-acid storage batteries. The relatively small amount of cadmium and tin provide a large volume fraction of a cadmium-tin eutectic phase that is low melting and serves to facilitate the welding. This alloy composition may also be used to form intercell connectors and terminal posts for such batteries.

Abstract: Alkaline storage battery cells having negative electrodes with higher capacity than the positive electrodes. The positive electrodes have discharge limiting capacity. The negative electrodes have additive of Raney metal, or Raney metal alloy. Such cells constituting a battery.

Abstract: An improved process for the electrolytic deposition of active material which may be in the form of a suitable metal hydroxide in a porous sintered nickel plaque, which in turn may be utilized to form the positive and/or negative electrodes of a nickel-cadmium battery. The process is characterized by the use of an organic acid such as formic acid as the buffering or support agent which effectively stabilizes the pH of the impregnating solution at an optimized value while at the same time avoids generating any particulate by-product which would otherwise contaminate the solution, thereby providing a virtually unlimited service life. Other advantages to the use of formic acid as the buffering material are disclosed as well.