Abstract: Disclosed is a production method for a zinc electrode with in situ formation of calcium zincate crystals. The method includes notably the steps of preparation of a mixture, growth of crystals, slowing of the growth and production of the electrode.

Abstract: A carbon composite includes: a carbonaceous core; and a polymer electrolyte membrane disposed on the carbonaceous core, the polymer electrolyte membrane including: a first ionic liquid, a first polymer layer disposed on the carbonaceous core and having a first ionic charge, and a second polymer layer disposed on the first polymer layer and having a second ionic charge opposite to the first charge of the first polymer layer.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition for a lithium battery includes a block copolymer and a nanoparticle composite dispersed in the block copolymer. The block copolymer includes a structural domain including a polymer having a structural repeating unit; and an ion conductive domain including a polymer having an ion conductive repeating unit, a rubbery domain including a polymer having a rubber repeating unit, or a hard domain comprising a polymer having an olefin-based repeating unit.

Abstract: An example electrolyte includes a solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive selected from the group consisting of a silane with at least one Si—H group; a fluorinated methoxysilane; a fluorinated chlorosilane; and combinations thereof. The electrolyte may be used in a method for making a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on a surface of a lithium electrode. A negative electrode structure may be formed from the method.

Abstract: A composite including a metal-organic framework; and an ionic liquid disposed in a pore defined by the metal-organic framework. Also a method of preparing the composite, an electrolyte including the composite, and a lithium secondary battery including the electrolyte.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an anode, a solid electrolyte, and a cathode. The solid electrolyte includes a polymer gel formed from an ethylene oxide polymer combined with a liquid precursor. The liquid precursor contains at least 15 molar percent of a lithium salt in a solvent.

Abstract: Provided is a current collecting assembly for use in an electrochemical cell. In some embodiments, the current collecting assembly comprises a current collecting substrate having a first side defining a first surface, and a second side defining a second surface. Each of the first and second surfaces defines a surface area. The current collecting assembly further comprises a first assembly of reinforcing structures disposed on and attached to the first side of the current collecting substrate. The current collecting substrate comprises a conductive material. The first assembly of reinforcing structures comprises a first set of reinforcing structures. The first set of reinforcing structures comprises a first polymer material. The first assembly of reinforcing structures mechanically reinforces the current collecting substrate.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a lithium ion battery is provided, including a carrier, a lithium salt dissolved in the carrier, and an additive uniformly dispersed in the carrier, wherein the additive is an inorganic clay modified by an organic quaternary phosphonium salt. Also provided is a method for fabricating an electrolyte solution and a lithium ion battery.

Abstract: Electrochemical cells comprise (A) at least one cathode comprising at least one lithiated Mn-containing compound having an Mn content of from 60 to 80 mol %, based on transition metal in cathode (A), (B) at least one anode comprising carbon in electrically conductive form, (C) at least one electrolyte comprising (a) at least one aprotic organic solvent, (b) at least one lithium salt, and (c) at least one organic compound having at least one Si—N single bond per molecule.

Abstract: Provided is a secondary battery exhibiting excellent durability. Also disclosed is an electrolyte possessing a porous particle, an ionic liquid and a supporting electrolyte salt, wherein the electrolyte has a dynamic elastic modulus of at least 105 Pa.

Abstract: Described are electrolyte compositions having at least one salt and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: wherein “a” is from 1 to 3; “b” is 1 or 2; 4?“a”+“b”?2; X is a halogen; R can be alkoxy or substituted alkoxy, among other moieties, and R1 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, alkoxy, or substituted alkoxy. Also described are electrochemical devices that use the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrochemical cell comprising an anode and a cathode separated by a separator and a gel electrolyte. The method comprises the steps of assembling the electrodes and the separator, and injecting a liquid electrolyte composition between the electrodes, the liquid electrolyte composition comprising a polymer, an aprotic liquid solvent and a lithium salt, wherein the polymer in the liquid electrolyte composition has functional groups capable of polymerizing via cationic polymerization, and the cell is submitted to an electrochemical cycling comprising a charging step and a discharging step.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a zinc negative electrode mixture for forming negative electrodes of safe and economic batteries exhibiting excellent battery performance; and a gel electrolyte or a negative electrode mixture which can be suitably used for forming a storage battery exhibiting excellent battery performance such as a high cycle characteristic, rate characteristic, and coulombic efficiency while suppressing change in form, such as shape change and dendrite, and passivation of the electrode active material. Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a battery including the zinc negative electrode mixture or the gel electrolyte. (1) The zinc negative electrode mixture contains a zinc-containing compound and a conductive auxiliary agent. The zinc-containing compound and/or the conductive auxiliary agent contain(s) particles having an average particle size of 1000 ?m or smaller and/or particles having an aspect ratio (vertical/lateral) of 1.1 or higher.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for forming one or more thin film layers on a substrate, to form a multilayer product such as a lithium battery cell. The method involves passing a gas stream comprising at least one doping agent and at least one entrained source material through a plasma; impinging the gas stream on a substrate; and reactively depositing the at least one doping agent, and the at least one entrained source material on the substrate. The present invention provides a method of fabricating a power cell having a plurality of layers, and a method of fabricating a battery by electrically connecting a current collecting layer of a first power cell to a current collecting layer of a second power cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical device comprising a pair of electrodes and provided therebetween, a gelled nonaqueous electrolyte composition containing an electrolyte and a gelling agent having two or more amide groups in the chemical structure.

Abstract: A battery electrode assembly comprises a porous electrode plate having a plurality of large and small pores, a pore insert within a plurality of pores, the pore insert maintaining an electrolyte in the pores substantially throughout a discharge/charge cycle. The pore insert may be a gelled electrolyte. The pore insert may be a particulate material. The electrodes may be used in a battery having cells with opposing positive and negative tabs connected in series by an intercell connector.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving cycle characteristics is provided. An anode includes: an anode active material layer including an anode active material on an anode current collector, the anode active material including silicon (Si) and having a plurality of pores, in which after electrode reaction, the volumetric capacity of a pore group with a diameter ranging from 3 nm to 200 nm both inclusive per unit weight of silicon is 0.3 cm3/g or less, and the rate of change in the amount of mercury intruded into the plurality of pores is distributed so as to have a peak in a diameter range from 200 nm to 15000 nm both inclusive, the rate of change in the amount of mercury intruded being measured by mercury porosimetry.

Abstract: A gel electrolyte, a preparing method thereof, a gel electrolyte battery and a preparing method thereof are provided. The gel electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous solvent and a gel constituent, wherein the non-aqueous solvent comprises lithium salt, and the gel constituent comprises polyethylene glycol compounds with unsaturated double bonds, ester monomers with unsaturated double bonds, silane coupling agents and thermal initiators.

Abstract: Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a supercapacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles, typically having a size (in any dimension) between about 0.5 to about 50 microns; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer. In another representative embodiment, the plurality of particles comprise diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, and/or diatomaceous fragments or remains. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the plurality of particles are comprised of silicate glass; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”).

Abstract: Representative embodiments provide a liquid or gel separator utilized to separate and space apart first and second conductors or electrodes of an energy storage device, such as a battery or a capacitor. A representative liquid or gel separator comprises a plurality of particles selected from the group consisting of: diatoms, diatomaceous frustules, diatomaceous fragments, diatomaceous remains, and mixtures thereof; a first, ionic liquid electrolyte; and a polymer or, in the printable composition, a polymer or a polymeric precursor. Another representative embodiment further comprises a second electrolyte different from the first electrolyte; the first and second electrolytes comprise zinc tetrafluoroborate salt in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidalzolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid; and the polymer comprises polyvinyl alcohol (“PVA”) or polyvinylidene fluoride (“PVFD”). Additional components, such as additional electrolytes and solvents, may also be included.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell includes solid-state, printable anode layer, cathode layer and non-aqueous gel electrolyte layer coupled to the anode layer and cathode layer. The electrolyte layer provides physical separation between the anode layer and the cathode layer, and comprises a composition configured to provide ionic communication between the anode layer and cathode layer by facilitating transmission of multivalent ions between the anode layer and the cathode layer.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is provided on the negative electrode current collector. The negative electrode active material layer contains silicon and oxygen. A low oxygen content layer is provided in a portion of the negative electrode active material layer on the negative electrode current collector side, the low oxygen content layer having an oxygen content lower than that of the remaining portion of the negative electrode active material layer. The thickness of the low oxygen content layer is 25% or less of the thickness of the negative electrode active material layer.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery comprises a lithium salt and an organic solvent. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution further comprises a specific siloxane compound and a sulfonate compound. This non-aqueous electrolyte solution solves the capacity degradation phenomenon, which appears in a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing only a specific siloxane compound when the lithium secondary battery is used for a long time, so this non-aqueous electrolyte solution is especially useful for high-capacity batteries.

Abstract: Fast-cure gel polymer electrolytes are prepared by trapping an oligo(alkylene glycol)siloxane or silane in a three dimensional polymer matrix. An ion-conducting phase of the electrolyte contains a siloxane or silane compound and a lithium salt. Such siloxanes or silanes include a silicon or silicon oxide group having four or less substituents that is an oligo(alkylene glycol), or cyclic carbonate moiety.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt, trialkylsilyl(meth)acrylate compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, a halogenated carbonate compound, and an organic solvent. In the above Chemical Formula 1, R1 is hydrogen or methyl, and R2 to R4 are the same or different and one selected from C1 to C6 alkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte including a lithium salt and an organic solvent may further include, as an additive, (a) halogenated alkyl silane and (b) any one of (b-1) succinic anhydride, (b-2) (meth)acrylic acid ester of pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol, and (b-3) mixtures thereof. The non-aqueous electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery may improve the high-temperature storage performance and the cycling performance.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving the storage characteristics and the cycle characteristics is provided. The battery includes a cathode, an anode, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution is impregnated in a separator provided between the cathode and the anode. A solvent of the electrolytic solution contains a given sulfone compound such as bis(trimethylsilyl)methanedisulfonate. Compared to a case that a solvent contains other sulfone compound such as bis(methyl)methanedisulfonate, the chemical stability of the electrolytic solution is improved, and the decomposition reaction of the electrolytic solution is prevented.

Abstract: A lead acid battery includes a housing and at least one cell disposed within the housing. Each cell includes at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate and an electrolyte disposed in a volume between the positive and negative plates. The at least one negative plate includes a current collector, consisting essentially of a layer of carbon foam disposed on a substrate, and a chemically active material disposed on the current collector.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same. The electrolyte includes a lithium salt, a trialkylsilyl cyanide compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and an organic solvent. In the above Chemical Formula 1, R1 to R3 are the same or different, and selected from C1 to C6 alkyls.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composite gel electrolyte film for a secondary battery which has improved ion conductivity and excellent ignition resistance and is insusceptible to discoloration. The present invention is a composite gel electrolyte film for a secondary battery comprising: a gel electrolyte for a secondary battery formed of an electrolyte retention film impregnated with a nonaqueous electrolyte; and a porous film formed of at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyimide, the electrolyte retention film containing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer resin that includes a vinylidene fluoride unit and a tetrafluoroethylene unit at a molar ratio of 55/45 to 95/5 and further includes 0 to 10 mol % of a hexafluoropropylene unit, the total of the vinylidene fluoride unit, the tetrafluoroethylene unit, and the hexafluoropropylene unit being 100 mol %.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, the composition comprising: (i) a cyclic compound as a first crosslinking agent, the cyclic compound containing a cyclic group at the center thereof and having at least three double bonds at the end thereof; (ii) a linear or branched compound as a second crosslinking agent, the linear or branched compound containing an oxyalkylene group at the center thereof and having at least two (meth)acryl groups at the end thereof; (iii) an electrolyte solvent; (iv) an electrolyte salt; and (v) a polymerization initiator. Also, disclosed are a gel polymer electrolyte formed by polymerizing the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, and an electrochemical device comprising the gel polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a lithium secondary battery comprises a silicon-based compound represented by a specific chemical formula and having both a hydroxyl group and a hydrocarbon group having a carbon-carbon double bond. When it is applied to a lithium secondary battery, the non-aqueous electrolyte solution improves deterioration of cycle life characteristics occurring after repeated charge/discharge cycles and prevents swelling phenomena by suppressing a decomposition reaction of an electrolyte solution even when a battery in a fully charged state is stored at high temperature or is charged/discharged, thereby enhancing the life characteristics at high temperature.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving cycle characteristics and a manufacturing yield is provided. An anode includes: an anode current collector; and an anode active material layer arranged on the anode current collector, in which the anode active material layer includes an anode active material including a plurality of pores, and the rate of change in the amount of mercury intruded into the plurality of pores is distributed so as to have a peak in a diameter range from 80 nm to 1200 nm both inclusive, the amount of mercury intruded being measured by mercury porosimetry.

Abstract: Electrolyte materials for use in electrochemical cells, electrochemical cells comprising the same, and methods of making such materials and cells, are generally described. In some embodiments, the materials, processes, and uses described herein relate to electrochemical cells comprising sulfur and lithium such as, for example, lithium sulfur batteries. The electrolyte can comprise a polymeric material and, in some cases, an absorbed auxiliary material. For example, the electrolyte material can be capable of forming a gel, and the auxiliary material can comprise an electrolyte solvent. In some instances, the electrolyte material can comprise at least one organic (co)polymer selected from polyethersulfones. The non-fluid material in the electrolyte, when configured for use, can, alone or in combination with the optional absorbed auxiliary material, have a yield strength greater than that of lithium metal, in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the electrochemical cell (e.g.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic/inorganic composite porous film comprising: (a) inorganic particles; and (b) a binder polymer coating layer formed partially or totally on surfaces of the inorganic particles, wherein the inorganic particles are interconnected among themselves and are fixed by the binder polymer, and interstitial volumes among the inorganic particles form a micropore structure. A method for manufacturing the same film and an electrochemical device including the same film are also disclosed. An electrochemical device comprising the organic/inorganic composite porous film shows improved safety and quality.

Abstract: Nanostructured gel polymer electrolytes that have both high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength are disclosed. The electrolytes have at least two domains—one domain contains an ionically-conductive gel polymer and the other domain contains a rigid polymer that provides structure for the electrolyte. The domains are formed by block copolymers. The first block provides a polymer matrix that may or may not be conductive on by itself, but that can soak up a liquid electrolyte, thereby making a gel. An exemplary nanostructured gel polymer electrolyte has an ionic conductivity of at least 1×10?4 S cm?1 at 25° C.

Abstract: The present application is directed to carbon materials comprising an electrochemical modifier. The carbon materials find utility in any number of electrical devices, for example, in lead acid batteries. Methods for making the disclosed carbon materials are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrochemical device comprising a pair of electrodes and provided therebetween, a gelled nonaqueous electrolyte composition containing an electrolyte and a gelling agent having two or more amide groups in the chemical structure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a food composition by mixing a nutritive base with at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; cooking the resulting mixture at a temperature not less than about 50° C.; adding to the food composition at least one oxidatively protected long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid; and packaging the resulting composition in an oxygen depleted environment within a sealed container to provide the food product that exhibits (1) acceptable palatability to an animal and (2) a shelf-life of at least about 6 months when stored at ambient temperature without opening the container.

Abstract: Fast-cure gel polymer electrolytes are prepared by trapping an oligo(alkylene glycol)siloxane or silane in a three dimensional polymer matrix. An ion-conducting phase of the electrolyte contains a siloxane or silane compound and a lithium salt. Such siloxanes or silanes include a silicon or silicon oxide group having four or less substituents that is an oligo(alkylene glycol), or cyclic carbonate moiety.

Abstract: The field of the present invention relates to the field of batteries and of polymer electrolytes for batteries and more particularly to the field of lithium batteries. The invention relates to a composition which can be polymerized and/or crosslinked by dehydrocondensation for a battery electrolyte comprising: a) at least one organohydropolysiloxane (POS) (A) having, per molecule, at least 2 hydrogen atoms directly bonded to silicon atoms; b) at least one organohydroxypolysiloxane (POS) (B) having, per molecule, at least 2 —OH groups directly bonded to silicon atoms; c) an effective amount of a dehydrocondensation catalyst (C); and d) at least one electrolyte salt (D); with the condition that the POS (A) and/or the POS (B) comprise(s), per molecule, at least one siloxyl unit comprising at least one group directly bonded to a silicon atom comprising a polyoxyalkylene (Poa) ether functional group.

Abstract: A lead acid battery having lightly gelled electrolyte is provided. The lead acid battery includes a plurality of alternating positive plates and negative plates, a plurality of separators sandwiched in between the positive plates and the negative plates, and a lightly gelled electrolyte including dilute sulfuric acid and silica particles substantially in the range of 0.1% to 3% of the electrolyte by weight. The silica particles are fumed silica particles.

Abstract: The battery includes an electrolyte activating one or more cathodes and one or more anodes. The electrolyte includes one or more mono[bidentate]borate salts in a solvent. The solvent includes a silane or a siloxane. The mono[bidentate]borate salt can include a lithium dihalo mono[bidentate]borate such as lithium difluoro oxalatoborate (LiDfOB).

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte comprising poly(siloxane-g-3 ethylene oxide) and its synthesis. This electrolyte provides significant safety, improved electrochemical stability, improved conductivity, lower impedance, and lower manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A method for producing a lead acid battery that operates on the oxygen cycle is disclosed. The method includes the steps of: assembling a cell comprising a positive plate, a negative plate, and a sheet of separator material which is an absorbent, porous filtration medium, so that there is free space between the plates and surfaces of the separator, inserting the cell into a case, introducing into the case a mixture of sulfuric acid and silica including silica from a never dried precipitated silica slurry, causing the sulfuric acid in the mixture in the free space to gel, and sealing the case. The sulfuric acid in the mixture in the free space can be caused to gel by an increase in the silica content thereof, by an increase in the specific gravity thereof, or by both an increase in the silica content thereof, and an increase in the specific gravity thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of preparing a composition comprising mixing a silica sol having an S-value from about 5 to about 50% and a mineral acid. The invention also relates to a composition obtainable by the method and a composition comprising a network of silica particles and mineral acid, wherein the silica particles have a particle size of from about 2 to about 7 nm. The invention also relates to the use of the composition as a gelled electrolyte.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, the composition comprising: (i) a cyclic compound as a first crosslinking agent, the cyclic compound containing a cyclic group at the center thereof and having at least three double bonds at the end thereof; (ii) a linear or branched compound as a second crosslinking agent, the linear or branched compound containing an oxyalkylene group at the center thereof and having at least two (meth)acryl groups at the end thereof; (iii) an electrolyte solvent; (iv) an electrolyte salt; and (v) a polymerization initiator. Also, disclosed are a gel polymer electrolyte formed by polymerizing the composition for a gel polymer electrolyte, and an electrochemical device comprising the gel polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A polymer electrolyte forming composition includes a trialkoxysilane containing an epoxy group, polyethyleneimine, and at least one of heteropolyacid and trifluoromethanesulfoneimide.

Abstract: A lead acid battery includes a housing and at least one cell disposed within the housing. Each cell includes at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate and an electrolyte disposed in a volume between the positive and negative plates. The at least one negative plate includes a current collector, consisting essentially of a layer of carbon foam disposed on a substrate, and a chemically active material disposed on the current collector.

Abstract: The electrolyte includes a cyclic polysiloxane having one or more side chains that each includes a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and a spacer. Each spacer is positioned between the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and a silicon on the main chain of the polysiloxane.