Abstract: An electrolyte includes a solvent and an electrolyte salt. The solvent contains at least one selected from ester compounds, lithium monofluorophosphate, and lithium difluorophosphate, and at least one selected from anhydrous compounds. The ester compounds are chain compounds having ester moieties, such as (—O—C(?O)—O—R), at both ends. The anhydrous compounds are cyclic compounds having, for example, a disulfonic anhydride group, (—S(O?)2—O—S(O?)2—).

Abstract: An electrolyte solution and a battery which are capable of improving cycle characteristics are provided. An anode includes a simple substance, an alloy or a compound of a metal element or a metalloid element capable of forming an alloy with lithium as an anode active material. A separator is impregnated with an electrolyte solution formed through dissolving an electrolyte salt in a solvent. The electrolyte salt includes a first electrolyte salt including LiB(C2O4)2 and a second electrolyte salt including at least one kind selected from the group consisting of LiPF6, LiBF4, LiN(CF3SO2)2, LiN(C2F5SO2)2, LiClO4, LiAsF6 and LiC(CF3SO2)3. In the solvent, 4-fluoroethylene carbonate is included. A coating is formed on the anode by the first electrolyte salt, and high ionic conductivity can be obtained by the second electrolyte salt. Further an oxidation-decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution which occurs in a cathode can be prevented by 4-fluoroethylene carbonate.

Abstract: Provided is a battery electrolyte comprising an electrolyte salt, an electrolyte solvent and a compound producing chemical reaction products with the exception of water through a chemical reaction with an acid (H+), and a secondary battery comprising the same. The battery electrolyte according to the present invention can achieve improved high-temperature storage characteristics and the life characteristics of the battery, by using a compound decreasing a concentration of HX (X=F, Cl, Br or I) through a chemical reaction with HX (X=F, Cl, Br or I) which is present in the battery and therefore causes deterioration of the battery performance.

Abstract: A galvanic cell is disclosed. Generally, the cell includes an alkali metal anode, which electrochemcially oxidizes to release alkali metal ions, and a cathode, which is configured to be exposed to an electrolyte solution. A water-impermeable, alkali-ion-conductive ceramic membrane separates the anode from the cathode. Moreover, an alkali-ion-permeable anode current collector is placed in electrical communication with the anode. In some cases, to keep the anode in contact with the current collector as the cell functions and as the anode is depleted, the cell includes a biasing member that urges the anode against the current collector. To produce electricity, the galvanic cell is exposed to an aqueous electrolyte solution, such as seawater, brine, saltwater, etc.

Abstract: An ion conductor has fine particles of an organic polymer including 20 to 80% by mass of ultra-fine particles of an inorganic compound, and an electrolytic solution impregnated into the fine particles of the organic polymer, wherein the fine particles of the organic polymer have a specific surface area measured by the BET method of 30 m2/g or more.

Abstract: A secondary cell employs a nonaqueous electrolyte solution including a nonaqueous solvent and a salt, and a flame retardant material that is liquid at room temperature and pressure and substantially immiscible in the nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution is formed by dissolving a salt, preferably an alkali metal salt, in a nonaqueous solvent. The nonaqueous solvent preferably includes a cyclic carbonate and/or a linear carbonate. The cyclic carbonate preferably contains an alkylene group with 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and the linear carbonate preferably contains a hydrocarbon group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Preferred salts include LiPF6 and LiBF4 at a concentration between about 0.1 and 3.0 moles/liter. The flame retardant material is preferably a halogen-containing compound in an amount by weight of nonaqueous solvent in a range of about 1 to about 99 wt %, and preferred halogen-containing compounds contain perfluoralkyl or perfluorether groups.

Abstract: A flame retarding polymer electrolyte composition containing maleimides includes a modified maleimide; a lithium salt; and at least one ionic solution in a ratio of at least 2 wt % relative to the total weight of the composition. By using the hyperbranched dendrimer-like structure of the modified maleimide as grafted skeleton for polymer electrolytes, the electrolyte composition can encapsulate an electrolytic solution continuously, thus preventing the exudation of the electrolytic solution and increasing the stability of lithium ionic conduction. Since the ionic solution is nonflammable, the safety of batteries are further enhanced when the polymer electrolyte composition is used as polymer electrolyte for a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery comprises a non-aqueous solvent containing a specified cyclic phosphazene compound and a specified difluorophosphate compound, a specified aniline derivative and a support salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric binders of formula: [(—CH2CF2—)x?(—CF2CF2—)y?[—CH2CH(R)—]z?]m wherein: x?+y?+z?=1, only one x?, y? or z? could be simultaneously equal to zero; R is an alkyl radical CnH2n+1— with 0?n?8, 10?m?106.

Abstract: A method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: The present invention is an electrolyte for a lithium ion rechargeable battery and a lithium ion rechargeable battery that includes the same. More particularly, the present invention discloses an electrolyte for a lithium ion rechargeable battery that provides excellent cycle life characteristics and high-temperatures storage stability and prevents a drop in discharge capacity of a battery at low temperature, and a lithium ion rechargeable battery including the same. The lithium ion rechargeable battery including the electrolyte provides improved cycle life characteristics and prevents the problems of a drop in discharge capacity at low temperature and high-temperature swelling through the formation of a stable SEI film at the initial charge cycle.

Abstract: The present invention achieves an increased capacity and prolonged life of nonaqueous electrolyte batteries of the type in which light metals, such as magnesium, calcium or aluminum, are used in the negative electrode. The present invention also provides a thermally stable nonaqueous electrolytic solution for use with such batteries. The nonaqueous electrolyte battery in accordance with the present invention includes a positive electrode; a negative electrode containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of aluminum, calcium and magnesium; and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution composed of a mixed solvent of an organic solvent and an alkyl sulfone having a structure represented by R1R2SO2, where R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group, and at least one type of salt selected from the group consisting of aluminum salt, calcium salt and magnesium salt.

Abstract: A colloidal electrolyte for an electrochemical device. The colloidal electrolyte includes a liquid electrolyte selected from liquid organic electrolytes, or liquid inorganic electrolytes free of sulfuric acid; and a ceramic particle phase dispersed in the liquid electrolyte, wherein the colloidal electrolyte has increased conductivity in the electrochemical device compared to the conductivity of the liquid electrolyte alone. The colloidal electrolytes will suppress flammability and flowability.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which comprises a positive electrode containing a lithium-containing oxide; a negative electrode containing a material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium; and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a non-aqueous solvent containing at least one non-cyclic ester and which is excellent in storage stability at high temperatures is provided by adding an oxidation resistance improving agent such as triphenylmethane, tetraphehylmethane or the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte composition for a lead storage battery, which can maintain the performance of a storage battery at low temperature by enhancing the performance and life of a storage battery. It can also be fully charged in a short period of time due to a greater current efficiency. The present invention can extend the life of a storage battery due to its effect of removing white-colored lead sulfate without corrosion at the electrode plates, and may lead to recycling of waste storage batteries ruined by white-colored lead sulfate.

Abstract: Batteries including a lithium anode stabilized with a metal-lithium alloy and battery cells comprising such anodes are provided. In one embodiment, an electrochemical cell having an anode and a sulfur electrode including at least one of elemental sulfur, lithium sulfide, and a lithium polysulfide is provided. The anode includes a lithium core and an aluminum-lithium alloy layer over the lithium core. In another embodiment, a surface coating, which is effective to increase cycle life and storageability of the electrochemical cell, is formed on the anode. In a more particular embodiment, the anode is in an electrolyte solution, and, more particularly, an electrolyte solution including either elemental sulfur, a sulfide, or a polysulfide where the surface coating is composed of Al2S3.

Abstract: An improved noble metal alloy composition for a fuel cell catalyst, the alloy containing platinum, ruthenium, and nickel. The alloy shows methanol oxidation activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for dehydrating an aqueous composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide and at least one organic solvent, wherein said dehydration method of the composition comprising lithium bis(pentafluoroethanesulfonyl)imide is characterized in that a part of solvent is distilled off by distillation.

Abstract: An organic electrolytic solution and a lithium secondary battery employing the same are provided. The organic electrolytic solution contains an organic solvent and a lithium salt and the organic solvent includes 20 to 60% by volume of ethylene carbonate, 20 to 70% by volume of dialkyl carbonate and 5 to 30% by volume of a fluorinated toluene compound. The organic electrolytic solution has improved high-temperature exposure characteristic by virtue of the use of a fluorinated toluene compound having a high boiling point in combination with mixed solvents of ethylene carbonate and dialkyl carbonate. The lithium secondary battery employing the organic electrolytic solution is excellent in the high-temperature exposure characteristic, while maintaining good discharge capacity and lifetime characteristics.

Abstract: A liquid electrolyte composition comprising a sulfide of a IV-group element, an organic solvent and a lithium salt is advantageously used for the preparation of a lithium battery having improved mean voltage, cycling life and capacity properties.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp or sp2)-C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrochemical cell comprising a current collector, an electrode active material layer, and means for substantially increasing surface compatibility between the electrode active material layer and at least one of the current collector and an associated electrolyte. The surface compatibility increasing means includes at least a portion of the electrode active material layer associated with an interface modifying component, such as the product of a hydrosilated allylether.

Abstract: In an inventive polymer electrolyte battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a polymer electrolyte, at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is formed with an inorganic amorphous solid electrolyte film at its interface with the polymer electrolyte.

Abstract: A secondary lithium-sulfur electrochemical cell is provided comprising: (a) an anode comprising lithium; (b) a cathode comprising an electroactive sulfur-containing material; and (c) a non-aqueous electrolyte interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the electrolyte comprises: (i) one or more lithium salts; (ii) one or more non-aqueous solvents; and (iii) a cycle life enhancing amount of water; wherein the cycle life enhancing amount of water is greater than 3000 ppm by weight of the electrolyte. Such cells have a long cycle life.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition is featured that includes a solid, ionically conductive polymer, organically modified oxide particles that include organic groups covalently bonded to the oxide particles, and an alkali metal salt. The electrolyte composition is free of lithiated zeolite. The invention also features cells that incorporate the electrolyte composition.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes an electrode unit produced by winding or laminating a positive electrode and a negative electrode via a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolytic solution containing a lithium compound as an electrolyte. The cumulative concentration of water (H2O) released from both of the positive electrode and the negative electrode is suppressed to 5,000 ppm or lower in relation to the weight of the electrode unit, exclusive of current collectors, in the case where both electrode plates are heated at 25 to 200° C. and/or 1,500 ppm or lower in the case where both electrode plates are heated at 200 to 300° C. The lithium secondary battery can have high charging and discharging efficiency, excellent cycle property and reliability by suppressing deterioration of battery properties.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrolyte comprising a salt of an organofluorosilicon compound containing silicon, fluorine and carbon, which comprises the step of reacting an organosilane compound containing at least silicon and carbon, with a fluorine compound in a solvent comprising a nonaqueous solvent as a main component.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, non-aqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to non-aqueous electrolyte solvents which comprise a non-symmetrical, non-cyclic sulfone and which are suitable for use in secondary electric current producing cells. The present invention also pertains to electrolyte elements comprising such solvents, electric current producing cells comprising such electrolyte elements, and methods for making such electric current producing cells. More particularly, the present invention pertains to electrolyte elements comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte solvent, which solvent comprises a non-symmetrical, non-cyclic sulfone of the general formula R1—SO2—R2, wherein R1 and R2 are independently linear or branched alkyl or partially or fully fluorinated linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, wherein R1 and R2 are different, and wherein —SO2— denotes the sulfone group.

Abstract: A flame-retardant electrolytic solution of an electrolyte salt in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent contains at least one phosphorus compound represented by formula (I) and a nonaqueous secondary battery containing the flame-retardant electrolytic solution. wherein R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkylaryl group, an aralkyl group or —CH2—COOR3; R2 represents a methyl group, an ethyl group or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a halogenated alkyl group; and m and n each represents 1 or 2 and the sum of m and n is 3.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separator and a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte, the non-aqueous liquid electrolyte having an electrical conductivity of 0.05 mS/cm or more and no such a flash point as specified by JIS-K2265 flash point test and comprising an ion nonconductive solvent and a lithium ion conductive solvent, is non-flammable and safe even at high temperatures.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cathode for use in a secondary electrochemical cell, such cathode being coated with a very thin, protective film, permeable to ions. The protective film of the cathode usually has a thickness of up to about 0.1 &mgr;m and it provides protection against high voltage charging and overdiscbarging. The present invention further provides a secondary electrochemical cell comprising such a cathode.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a sulfate additive having at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon containing a C(sp2 or sp3 )—C(sp3) bond unit having the C(sp3) carbon directly connected to the —OSO3— functional group, or a silyl sulfate or a tin sulfate.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of hydrogen fluoride to the nonaqueous electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and hydrogen fluoride having LiAsF.sub.6 or LiPF.sub.6 dissolved therein.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery, which contains a supporting electrolyte which reacts with water to produce an acid; and a complex-forming compound which forms an inert complex by reacting with water and a supporting electrolyte to prevent acid generation.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one dicarbonate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and an alkyl dicarbonate additive.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolyte solvents for ambient-temperature lithium-sulfur batteries. The disclosed solvents include at least one ethoxy repeating unit compound of the general formula R.sub.1 (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n R.sub.2, where n ranges between 2 and 10 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different or identical alkyl or alkoxy groups (including substituted alkyl or alkoxy groups). Alternatively, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may together with (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n form a closed ring. Examples of linear solvents include the glymes (CH.sub.3 O(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.3). Some electrolyte solvents include a donor or acceptor solvent in addition to an ethoxy compound as described.

Abstract: An alkali metal, solid cathode, nonaqueous electrochemical cell capable of delivering high current pulses, rapidly recovering its open circuit voltage and having high current capacity, is described. The stated benefits are realized by the addition of at least one organic sulfate additive to an electrolyte comprising an alkali metal salt dissolved in a mixture of a low viscosity solvent and a high permittivity solvent. A preferred solvent mixture includes propylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane and a dialkyl sulfate additive.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for generating acid-free lithium salt solutions for lithium and lithium ion batteries and for preparing high purity lithium salts. The invention comprises removing acid species from lithium salt solutions such as lithium hexafluorophosphate solutions using weak base resins. The process does not require the addition of a base such as ammonia which when added to the electrolytic solution generally must be removed from the final product. Once the lithium salt has been treated by the weak base resin, the substantially acid-free lithium salt solution may be recovered from the weak base resin to provide a solution which may be used as an electrolytic solution or which may be used to prepare high purity lithium salts.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous electrolyte element for use in secondary battery cells which comprises an effective lithium stripping enhancing amount of one or more soluble materials, such as a lithium polysulfide, which increases the lithium stripping efficiency. Also provided is a secondary lithium battery cell comprising said nonaqueous electrolyte element. Such a nonaqueous electrolyte element can be advantageously used in the manufacture of secondary electric-current producing cell elements, and provides many advantages in achieving extended cycle life and increased safety of secondary lithium batteries.