Abstract: A method for manufacturing a membrane electrode and gas diffusion layer assembly includes: applying a catalyst ink including an ionomer to a second surface of an electrolyte membrane while conveying a first sheet in which a first surface of the electrolyte membrane is supported by a back sheet; drying the catalyst ink by blowing air vibrated with ultrasonic waves onto a surface of the catalyst ink to produce a second sheet in which a catalyst layer is provided on the second surface of the electrolyte membrane; forming a first roll by winding the second sheet; and producing a third sheet by stacking a gas diffusion layer on the catalyst layer and pressing them in a stacking direction as heating to join the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer while conveying the second sheet unwound from the first roll.

Abstract: A redox flow battery includes: first carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of 100 nm or r core, and second carbon nanotubes having an average diameter of 30 nm or less, in which the second carbon nanotubes are adhered to surfaces of the first carbon nanotubes such that the second carbon nanotubes bridge between the plural first carbon nanotubes. Since the redox flow battery includes an electrode material and an electrode including the electrode material, the electromotive force and the charging capacity are high.

Abstract: A carbon material for catalyst carrier use excellent in both durability and power generation performance under operating conditions at the time of low humidity, in particular both durability of a carbon material for catalyst carrier use with respect to repeated load fluctuations due to startup and shutdown and power generation performance under operating conditions at the time of low humidity, and a catalyst for solid-polymer fuel cell use prepared using the same etc. are provided. To solve this technical problem, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a carbon material for catalyst carrier use satisfying the following (A) to (D): (A) an oxygen content OICP of 0.1 to 3.0 mass % contained in the carbon material for catalyst carrier use; (B) a residual amount of oxygen O1200° C. of 0.1 to 1.5 mass % remaining after heat treatment in an inert gas (or vacuum) atmosphere at 1200° C.

Abstract: An electrode, in particular a gas diffusion electrode, for a metal-oxygen battery. To achieve an improved performance output, e.g., an improved energy density or an improved capacity, the electrode includes a porous carrier substrate on which a porous active material is situated, the electrode having a gradient of medium pore sizes between the carrier substrate and the active material. Also described is an energy store including the electrode as described.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode layer may include a catalyst, an electronic conductor, and an ionic conductor. Within the electrode layer are a plurality of electronic conductor rich networks and a plurality of ionic conductor rich networks that are interspersed with the electronic conductor rich networks. A volume ratio of the ionic conductor to the electronic conductor is greater in the ionic conductor rich networks than in the electronic conductor rich networks. During operation of a fuel cell that includes the electrode layer, conduction of electrons occurs predominantly within the electronic conductor rich networks and conduction of ions occurs predominantly within the ionic conductor rich networks.

Abstract: A nanoconverter or nanosensor is disclosed capable of directly generating electricity through physisorption interactions with molecules that are dipole containing organic species in a molecule interaction zone. High surface-to-volume ratio semiconductor nanowires or nanotubes (such as ZnO, silicon, carbon, etc.) are grown either aligned or randomly-aligned on a substrate. Epoxy or other nonconductive polymers are used to seal portions of the nanowires or nanotubes to create molecule noninteraction zones. By correlating certain molecule species to voltages generated, a nanosensor may quickly identify which species is detected. Nanoconverters in a series parallel arrangement may be constructed in planar, stacked, or rolled arrays to supply power to nano- and micro-devices without use of external batteries. In some cases breath, from human or other life forms, contain sufficient molecules to power a nanoconverter.

Abstract: A sensor using a carbon-based element for measuring a flow or a pressure in an environment includes: a substrate; a carbon-based element; and one or more electrodes electrically communicating with the carbon based element, wherein the electrodes are located between the substrate and the carbon-based element so that the electrodes are not exposed to the environment.

Abstract: A nonhumidified fuel cell is provided that includes a catalytic layer coupled to an anode or a cathode that is configured to accelerate an electrochemical reaction of a fuel gas or air, and a gas diffusion layer that has air pores diffusing the fuel gas or air to the catalytic layer and diffusing water generated by the electrochemical reaction with the fuel gas in the catalytic layer. In particular, a ratio of a volume of water to a volume of air pores of the gas diffusion layer ranges from about 0.1 to 0.4.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a catalyst assembly includes a substrate including a base and a number of rods extending from the base; a catalyst layer including a catalyst material; and a first intermediate layer including a first coating material disposed between the substrate and the catalyst layer, the first coating material having a higher surface energy than the catalyst material. In certain instances, the number of rods may have an average aspect ratio in length to width of greater than 1. The catalyst assembly may further include a second intermediate layer disposed between the catalyst layer and the first intermediate layer, the second intermediate layer including a second coating material having a higher surface energy than the catalyst material. In certain instances, the first coating material has a higher surface energy than the second coating material.

Abstract: A microporous layer forming a portion of a gas diffusion layer assembly positioned adjacent to a catalyst layer within a fuel cell electrode. The microporous includes a first carbon-based material layer comprising a plurality of hydrophobic pores with a diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 ?m and a plurality of bores with a diameter of 1 to 20 ?m. The microporous layer structures and gas diffusion layer assemblies disclosed herein may be defined by a number of various designs and arrangements for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems.

Abstract: A catalyst slurry including a catalyst material, a polymer binder, a plurality of inorganic particles, wherein each particle includes an ionic group, a hydrophilic oligomer, and a solvent.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present anhydrous fuel cell electrodes comprise an anhydrous catalyst layer and a gas diffusion layer, wherein the anhydrous catalyst layer comprises at least one catalyst, about 5 mg/cm2 to about 100 mg/cm2 of phosphoric acid added as a catalyzing reagent during formation of the catalyst layer, and a binder comprising at least one triazole modified polymer, wherein the triazole modified polymer comprises a polysiloxane backbone and a triazole substituent.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object the provision of a solid polymer fuel cell catalyst exhibiting high durability and high power generation performance regardless of the humidification conditions or load conditions. The present invention relates to a solid polymer type fuel cell catalyst which is comprised of a carbon material which carries a catalyst ingredient, wherein the amount of adsorption of water vapor (V10) at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 10% of the carbon material is 2 ml/g or less and the amount of adsorption of water vapor (V90) at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 90% of the carbon material is 400 ml/g or more.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible carbon fiber nonwoven fabric which has resistance to bending, is flexible, and exhibits excellent processability.

Abstract: A method for producing metal-supported carbon includes supporting metal microparticles on the surface of carbon black, by a liquid-phase reduction method, in a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other.

Abstract: The present invention, in part, relates to a carbon black having a) a nitrogen BET surface area (BET) of from about 600 m2/g to about 2100 m2/g, b) a CDBP value in mL/100 g of from about (?2.8+(b*BET)) to about (108+(b*BET)), where b is 0.087 and BET is expressed in m2/g, and c) an apparent density (p, g/cm3) of at least about 0.820+q*BET, where q=?2.5×10?4, as determined at a compressive force (P) of 200 kgf/cm2 on dry carbon black powder. Energy storage devices, such as electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLC's), containing the carbon black are also disclosed. Methods for making the carbon blacks and EDLC's made with them are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst layer constituting body which prevents runoff of a proton conductive polymer from a catalyst layer even when moisture is generated by an operation of a fuel cell. In a catalyst layer constituting body of a fuel cell where catalyst particles are carried on carbon, the catalyst particles are carried by way of a carrying layer constituted of two upper and lower layers, the upper layer of the carrying layer is formed by using a polymer having proton conductivity, the upper layer forming a proton conduction layer which conducts protons generated in the catalyst particles or protons to be supplied to the catalyst particles therethrough, and the lower layer of the carrying layer is formed using a polymer having affinity with both the proton conduction layer and the carbon, the lower layer forming an adhesive layer which bonds the proton conduction layer and the carbon to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal catalyst composition modified by a nitrogen-containing compound, which effectively reduces cathode catalyst poisoning. The catalyst composition applied on the anode also lowers the over-potential. The catalyst coupled with the nitrogen-containing compound has increased three-dimensional hindrance, which improves the distribution of the catalyst particles and improves the reaction activity.

Abstract: Novel materials comprising a solid support, linker arms and metal-organic complexes, and their use for the electrocatalytic production and oxidation of H2. Such materials can be used for the production of electrodes in the field of electronics, and notably electrodes for fuel cells, electrolysers and photoelectrocatalytical (PEC) devices.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, an electrode, a fuel cell, and a membrane electrode assembly (MEA), the electrode catalyst including a carbonaceous support, and a catalyst metal loaded on the carbonaceous support, wherein the carbonaceous support includes a functional group bound on a surface thereof, the functional group being represented by one of Formula 1 or Formula 2, below,

Abstract: A regenerative fuel cell is provided by the present invention. In the methods and systems described herein, a source of fuel is partially oxidized to release protons and electrons, without total oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide. The partially oxidized fuel can be regenerated, by reduction, when the fuel cell is reversed. Other variations of the invention provide a convenient system for hydrogen storage, including steps for both release and recapture of hydrogen.

Abstract: Disclosed is a carbon fiber web including polymer nanofibers. Specifically, the carbon fiber web includes: a dispersed structure of carbon fibers; and polymer nanofibers distributed among and bonding the constituent carbon fibers of the dispersed structure. The carbon fiber web exhibits excellent characteristics in terms of flexural strength, gas permeability and electrical properties while possessing a tensile strength sufficient to undergo continuous processes for mass production. Also disclosed are a gas diffusion medium using the carbon fiber web, a gas diffusion layer including the gas diffusion medium, a membrane electrode assembly including the gas diffusion layer, and a fuel cell including the membrane electrode assembly. The use of the carbon fiber web ensures high performance of the membrane electrode assembly and the fuel cell.

Abstract: Fuel-cell assemblies containing a membrane electrode assembly, methods for preparing the membrane electrode assembly, and methods for functionalizing catalytic surfaces of catalyst particles in the membrane electrode assembly of the fuel cell assembly have been described. The fuel-cell assemblies and their membrane electrode assemblies contain cathode catalyst materials having catalytic surfaces that are functionalized with cyano groups to improve catalyst activity. The cathode catalyst materials may include a catalytic metal such as platinum or a platinum alloy. The cyano groups may be derived from a cyanide source that is electro-oxidized onto the catalytic surfaces. Nonlimiting examples of cyanide sources include amino acids such as glycine, alanine, and serine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas-diffusion electrode provided with a sintered and cast gas-diffusion layer having a high elastic modulus. The electrode is useful as hydrogen-consuming anode or oxygen-consuming cathode of depolarised electrolytic cells such as electrowinning, chlor-alkali or electrodialysis cells.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst layer characterized by comprising composite particles comprising electrode catalyst particles supported on electrically conductive particles, a perfluorocarbonsulfonic acid resin (component A) and a polyazole compound (component B), the content of the composite particles being 20 to 95% by weight, the total weight of component A and component B being 5 to 80% by weight, the weight ratio between component A and component B (A/B) being 1 to 999.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an electrode catalyst layer includes: containing a conductive carrier on which a catalyst is supported, a substrate, an electrolyte resin and a supercritical fluid inside a closed container (S102 to S106); and cooling the substrate to form an electrode catalyst layer, having the conductive carrier on which the catalyst is supported and the electrolyte resin, on the substrate (S 108).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a gas diffusion layer having gas flow passages formed at its one main surface, which is capable of achieving a further improvement in power generation performance. The fuel cell-use gas diffusion layer (14A, 14C) of the present invention has a double-layer structure made up of a first diffusion layer (15A, 15C) having gas flow passages (21A, 21C) at its one main surface, and a second diffusion layer (16A, 16C) disposed on the other main surface of the first diffusion layer. The first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer are each structured with a porous member mainly comprised of conductive particles and a polymer resin, and the first diffusion layer is structured to be lower in porosity than the second diffusion layer.

Abstract: A catalyst ink for improving the performance of catalyst electrodes in a fuel cell is produced by the following procedure. A catalyst dispersion is prepared by dispersing catalyst-supported particles as conductive particles with a catalyst supported thereon in a solvent. A gel material having viscoelasticity is prepared by mixing an ionomer with a volatile solvent. A catalyst ink having a desired viscosity is produced by stirring and mixing the catalyst dispersion with the gel material.

Abstract: There is provided a fuel cell cathode electrode, comprising a porous skeletal medium, the surface of which medium is modified or otherwise arranged or constructed to induce enhanced activated behaviour, wherein the enhanced activated behaviour is induced by means of increasing the surface area for a given volume of the electrode and/or by increasing the number and/or availability of reactive sites on the electrode. A fuel cell having such a cathode electrode, a method of manufacturing such a cathode electrode, and use of such a cathode electrode in a fuel cell is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode layer may include a catalyst, an electronic conductor, and an ionic conductor. Within the electrode layer are a plurality of electronic conductor rich networks and a plurality of ionic conductor rich networks that are interspersed with the electronic conductor rich networks. A volume ratio of the ionic conductor to the electronic conductor is greater in the ionic conductor rich networks than in the electronic conductor rich networks. During operation of a fuel cell that includes the electrode layer, conduction of electrons occurs predominantly within the electronic conductor rich networks and conduction of ions occurs predominantly within the ionic conductor rich networks.

Abstract: A fuel cell electrode including a catalyst layer including: a catalyst; and a conductor storage material having pores with an average diameter of about 5 nm to about 1000 nm.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes: an inorganic ionic conductor including a trivalent metal element, a pentavalent metal element, phosphorous, and oxygen; and a polymer.

Abstract: A benzoxazine-based monomer, a polymer thereof, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell including the same, and a fuel cell using the same. The aromatic ring may contain up to 2 nitrogens within the ring. Single ring and fused ring substituents are attached to the pendent nitrogen. The ring substituents may be heterocyclic.

Abstract: Superhydrophobic membrane structures having a beneficial combination of throughput and a selectivity. Methods of making and using the membrane structures.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprises an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane. The anode and cathode can include a catalyst layer which includes a plurality of generally aligned carbon nanotubes. Methods of making a fuel cell are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode for fuel cells including a catalyst layer containing a benzoxazine monomer, a catalyst and a binder, and a fuel cell employing the electrode. The electrode for the fuel cells contains an even distribution of benzoxazine monomer, which is a hydrophilic (or phosphoric acidophilic) material and dissolves in phosphoric acid but does not poison catalysts, thereby improving the wetting capability of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) within the electrodes and thus allowing phosphoric acid to permeate first into micropores in electrodes. As a result, flooding is efficiently prevented. That is, liquid phosphoric acid existing in large amount within the electrodes inhibits gas diffusion which; this flooding occurs when phosphoric acid permeates into macropores in the electrodes. This prevention of flooding increases the three-phase interfacial area of gas (fuel gas or oxidized gas)-liquid (phosphoric acid)-solid (catalyst).

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell including a gas diffusion layer, and a catalyst layer bound to at least one surface of the gas diffusion layer and including a catalyst and a binder; and a fuel cell including the electrode.

Abstract: Sulfonated silane ionomeric materials useful in electrodes of e.g., membrane electrode assemblies (MEA) of fuel cells can improve cell performance. MEAs prepared with CCE cathode catalyst layers and standard ELAT anode layers over a period of several start-stop cycles, as well as at multiple relative humidities were studied. The MEA performance was monitored using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and fuel cell polarization curves. The CCE cathode materials appeared to maintain performance and had improved water management capabilities at comparatively low relative humidities.

Abstract: A catalyst ink composition for a fuel cell electrode is provided. The catalyst ink composition includes a plurality of electrically conductive support particles; a catalyst formed from a finely divided precious metal, the catalyst supported by the conductive support particles; an ionomer; at least one solvent; and a reinforcing material configured to bridge and distribute stresses across the electrically conductive support particles of the ink composition upon a drying thereof. An electrode for a fuel cell and a method of fabricating the electrode with the catalyst ink composition are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of making a nanofiber-nanoparticle network to be used as electrodes of fuel cells. The method comprises electrospinning a polymer-containing material on a substrate to form nanofibers and electrospraying a catalyst-containing material on the nanofibers on the same substrate. The nanofiber-nanoparticle network made by the methods is suitable for use as electrodes in fuel cells.

Abstract: Disclosed are an electrode for a fuel cell that includes an electrode substrate and a surface-treatment layer disposed on the electrode substrate and including a hydrophilic layer and a hydrophobic layer partially disposed on the hydrophilic layer. Also disclosed are a method of fabricating an electrode for a fuel cell, a membrane-electrode assembly, and a fuel cell system including the membrane-electrode assembly.

Abstract: The electrode for a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention includes an electrode substrate and a catalyst layer disposed on the electrode substrate, the catalyst layer including metal nanoparticles, a binder and a catalyst. The metal nanoparticles in the catalyst layer improve electrical conductivity, and also have catalyst activity to implement a catalytic synergetic effect so as to provide a high power fuel cell.

Abstract: A hyper-branched polymer that has a dendritic unit, a linear unit, a terminal unit, and a degree of branching of about 0.05 to about 1. The hyper-branched polymer can be included in an electrode and/or an electrolyte membrane of a fuel cell.

Abstract: A method for preparing a metal catalyst includes a proton conductive material coating layer formed on the surface of a conductive material. Also, an electrode may be prepared using the metal catalyst. The method for preparing the metal catalyst comprises mixing the conductive catalyst material, the proton conductive material, and a first solvent, casting the mixture onto a supporting layer and drying the mixture to form a conductive catalyst containing film. The method further comprises separating the conductive catalyst containing film from the supporting layer and pulverizing the conductive catalyst containing film to obtain the metal catalyst. The method for preparing the electrode comprises mixing the metal catalyst with a hydrophobic binder and a second solvent, coating the mixture on an electrode support, and drying it.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing an electrolyte membrane for fuel cells, which is characterized in that a radically polymerizable monomer is graft-polymerized to a resin without using a photopolymerization initiator by bringing the radically polymerizable monomer into contact with the resin after irradiating the resin with ultraviolet light. The electrolyte membrane for fuel cells obtained by ultraviolet irradiation graft polymerization has both excellent oxidation resistance and excellent mechanical characteristics. By using such an electrolyte membrane, there can be obtained a fuel cell exhibiting extremely high performance.

Abstract: A direct methanol fuel cell includes a cathode catalyst layer; an electrolyte membrane; an anode catalyst layer; a first fuel control layer that is water-repellent and conductive and that has pores; a second fuel control layer that is water-repellent and conductive and that has larger pores than the those of the first fuel control layer; a third fuel control layer that is water-repellent and conductive and that has smaller porous than those of the first fuel control layer and those of the second fuel control layer; and an anode GDL layer that is water-repellent and conductive, wherein the membrane and the layers above are arranged in the above order.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell having improved ion conductivity in the catalyst layer. The catalyst layer includes a catalytic metal, a carbon particle, and an ion exchanger. The catalytic metal is carried on the carbon particle. The ion exchanger includes a first functional group capable of being adsorbed or bound to the catalytic metal, and a second functional group providing the ion conductivity. The ion exchanger is adsorbed or bound to the catalytic metal via the first functional group. The bond between the catalytic metal and the ion exchanger includes a covalent bond, a coordinate bond or an ion bond.

Abstract: High surface area energy chips that can be used to make high surface area electrodes and methods for making high surface area energy chips are described. The energy chips comprise a monolithic conductive material comprising an open network of pores having an average pore diameter between about 0.3 nm and 30 nm. The conductive material forms a thin chip having a thickness of about 300 microns or less, and the thickness across different portions of the chip varies by less than 10% of the thickness. The high surface area energy chips may be used as electrodes in a variety of energy storage devices and systems such as capacitors, electric double layer capacitors, batteries, and fuel cells.

Abstract: A gas diffusion electrode material of the present invention includes: a porous body (1) formed of continuous and discontinuous polytetrafluoroethylene microfibers (2) and having three-dimensionally continuous micropores (4); and a conductive material (3) supported on the porous body (1). Moreover, a density of the polytetrafluoroethylene microfiber (2) is lower in a surface region (1A) of a cross section of the porous body (1) than in an intermediate region (1B) of the cross section. In accordance with the present invention, the polytetrafluoroethylene having the predetermined three-dimensional structure is used, and so on. Therefore, it is possible to provide a gas diffusion electrode material excellent in power generation characteristics and durability.

Abstract: Disclosed are a support for an electrode catalyst that includes a carbon support and a crystalline carbon layer disposed on a surface of the carbon support, the crystalline carbon layer including one or more heteroatoms chemically-bound to carbon of the carbon support. A method of manufacturing the support for electrode catalyst, an electrode support, and a fuel cell including the support for an electrode catalyst are also disclosed.