Abstract: To provide an economical fuel cell electrode catalyst which can be used in place of platinum as a simple substance or a platinum alloy and has easy-to-control catalytic power, a molecular metal complex is used as a fuel cell electrode catalyst which molecular metal complex is a mononuclear or multinuclear coordination compound that has a particular structure, that is not a polymer compound, and that does not have a layered structure.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object the provision of a solid polymer fuel cell catalyst exhibiting high durability and high power generation performance regardless of the humidification conditions or load conditions. The present invention relates to a solid polymer type fuel cell catalyst which is comprised of a carbon material which carries a catalyst ingredient, wherein the amount of adsorption of water vapor (V10) at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 10% of the carbon material is 2 ml/g or less and the amount of adsorption of water vapor (V90) at 25° C. and a relative humidity of 90% of the carbon material is 400 ml/g or more.

Abstract: A method of preparing a nitrogen containing electrode catalyst by converting a high surface area metal-organic framework (MOF) material free of platinum group metals that includes a transition metal, an organic ligand, and an organic solvent via a high temperature thermal treatment to form catalytic active sites in the MOF. At least a portion of the contained organic solvent may be replaced with a nitrogen containing organic solvent or an organometallic compound or a transition metal salt to enhance catalytic performance. The electrode catalysts may be used in various electrochemical systems, including a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

Abstract: Solution-phase (e.g., homogeneous) or surface-immobilized (e.g., heterogeneous) electrode-driven oxidation catalysts based on iridium coordination compounds which self-assemble upon chemical or electrochemical oxidation of suitable precursors and methods of making and using thereof are. Iridium species such as {[Ir(LX)x(H2O)y(?-O)]zm+}n wherein x, y, m are integers from 0-4, z and n from 1-4 and LX is an oxidation-resistant chelate ligand or ligands, such as such as 2(2-pyridyl)-2-propanolate, form upon oxidation of various molecular iridium complexes, for instance [Cp*Ir(LX)OH] or [(cod)Ir(LX)] (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, cod=cis-cis,1,5-cyclooctadiene) when exposed to oxidative conditions, such as sodium periodate (NaIO4) in aqueous solution at ambient conditions.

Abstract: A bacterial fuel cell including a plurality of anodes and a plurality of cathodes in liquid communication with a liquid to be purified, the plurality of anodes and the plurality of cathodes each including a metal electrical conductor arranged to be electrically coupled across a load in an electrical circuit and an electrically conductive coating at least between the metal electrical conductor and the liquid to be purified, the electrically conductive coating being operative to mutually seal the liquid and the electrical conductor from each other.

Abstract: Novel materials comprising a solid support, linker arms and metal-organic complexes, and their use for the electrocatalytic production and oxidation of H2. Such materials can be used for the production of electrodes in the field of electronics, and notably electrodes for fuel cells, electrolysers and photoelectrocatalytical (PEC) devices.

Abstract: A cathode for a metal air battery includes a cathode structure having pores. The cathode structure has a metal side and an air side. The porosity decreases from the air side to the metal side. A metal air battery and a method of making a cathode for a metal air battery are also disclosed.

Abstract: A naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: In Formula 1, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, and R5 and R6 or R6 and R7 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, In Formula 2, * represents the bonding position of R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, or R6 and R7 of Formula 1. A polymer is formed by polymerizing the naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer, an electrode for a fuel cell includes the polymer, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes the polymer, and a fuel cell uses the electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel cell having a structure in which a cathode and an anode face each other with a proton conductor therebetween. In this fuel cell, an oxygen reductase or the like is immobilized on at least the cathode, and the cathode is composed of a material having pores therein such as porous carbon. In this fuel cell, the volume of water contained in the cathode is controlled to be 70% or less of the volume of the pores of the cathode, whereby a high current value can be stably obtained through optimization of the amount of moisture contained in the cathode when an enzyme is immobilized on at least the cathode. Also provided is a method for operating the fuel cell.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for fuel cells includes a proton conducting membrane having a first side and a second side. The membrane electrode assembly further includes an anode disposed over the first side of the proton conducting layer and a cathode catalyst layer disposed over the second side of the proton conducting layer. One or both of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer includes a first polymer which has cyclic polyether groups. An ink composition for forming a fuel cell catalyst layer is also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst for a fuel cell includes an active metal catalyst and a composite supporter supporting the active metal catalyst. The composite supporter includes a spherical-shaped supporter and a fibrous supporter, wherein the fibrous supporter is included in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total amount of the composite supporter. In addition, an electrode for a fuel cell using the same, a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell including the electrode, and a fuel cell system including the membrane-electrode assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst for a fuel cell includes an active metal catalyst and a composite supporter supporting the active metal catalyst. The composite supporter includes a spherical-shaped supporter and a fibrous supporter, wherein the fibrous supporter is included in an amount of about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % based on the total amount of the composite supporter. In addition, an electrode for a fuel cell using the same, a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell including the electrode, and a fuel cell system including the membrane-electrode assembly are also disclosed.

Abstract: A nanofibrous catalyst and method of manufacture. A precursor solution of a transition metal based material is formed into a plurality of interconnected nanofibers by electro-spinning the precursor solution with the nanofibers converted to a catalytically active material by a heat treatment. Selected subsequent treatments can enhance catalytic activity.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst material comprising a functionalized catalytic substrate, the catalytic substrate comprising an electron-accepting material adsorbed thereto. In one embodiment, the catalytic substrate comprises carbon nanotubes or graphene sheets having a nitrogen-containing or nitrogen-free polyelectrolyte, e.g., poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), adsorbed thereto. The electrocatalyst material exhibits excellent catalytic activity, as well as broad fuel selectivity, resistance to poisoning effects, and durability. The electrocatalyst can be used as part of an electrode structure, e.g., a cathode, that can be used in a wide range of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: A catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for a fuel cell was prepared by pyrolyzing a mixture of polyaniline, cyanamide, carbon black, and a non-precious metal salt under an inert atmosphere. The pyrolyzed product was treated to remove acid soluble components and then pyrolyzed again. The resulting powder was used to prepare a cathode for a membrane electrode assembly that was used in a fuel cell. When iron(III) chloride was used as the salt, the resulting catalyst was porous with a web-shaped structure. It displayed a maximum power density of 0.79 W/cm at 0.4 V in H2/O2 at 1.0 bar back pressure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a supporter for a fuel cell, and an electrode for a fuel cell, a membrane-electrode assembly, and a fuel cell system including the same. The supporter includes a transition metal oxide coating layer formed on a surface of a carbonaceous material, the surface of the carbonaceous material covalently bonded with the transition metal oxide.

Abstract: A production process for an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, which includes a step (I) of mixing a nitrogen-containing organic substance, a transition metal compound and conductive particles with a solvent and a step (II) of calcining a mixture obtained in the step (I).

Abstract: An oxygen reduction catalyst of an embodiment includes: a stack of single-layer graphenes; and a phosphorus compound, wherein some of carbon atoms of the graphenes are replaced by nitrogen atoms, and the phosphorus compound has a peak of phosphorus 2p orbital of 133.0 to 134.5 eV in X-ray photoelectron spectrum.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode ink containing nanostructured catalyst elements is described. The method comprises providing an electrocatalyst decal comprising a carrying substrate having a nanostructured thin catalytic layer thereon, the nanostructure thin catalytic layer comprising nanostructured catalyst elements; providing a transfer substrate with an adhesive thereon; transferring the nanostructured thin catalytic layer from the carrying substrate to the transfer substrate; removing the nanostructured catalyst elements from the transfer substrate; providing an electrode ink solvent; and dispersing the nanostructured catalyst elements in the electrode ink solvent. Electrode inks, coated substrates, and membrane electrode assemblies made from the method are also described.

Abstract: A liquid composition comprising at least one aprotic organic solvent and at least one fluorinated ion exchange polymer which consists of recurring units derived from a chlorofluoroolefin of formula CF2?CCIY, wherein Y is F or CI, and from at least one fluorinated functional monomer selected among those of formula CF2?CF—O—(CF2CF(CF3)O)m—(CF2)nSO2X, wherein m is an integer equal to 0 or 1, n is an integer from 0 to 10 and X is chosen among halogens (CI, F, Br, I), —O?M+, wherein M+ is a cation selected among H+, NH4+, K+, Li+, Na+, or mixtures thereof is disclosed. The liquid composition is suitable for the preparation of ion exchange membranes, in particular composite membranes, for use in fuel cell applications.

Abstract: Blends comprising a sulfonated block copolymer and particulate carbon are useful materials for membranes, films and coatings in applications which require high dimensional stability, high water vapor transport, high conductivity, and low flammability. The sulfonated block copolymer comprises at least two polymer end blocks A and at least one polymer interior block B wherein each A block contains essentially no sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups and each B block is a polymer block containing from about 10 to about 100 mol percent sulfonic acid or sulfonate functional groups based on the number of monomer units of the B block.

Abstract: The invention provides part solid, part fluid and flow electrochemical cells, for example, metal-air and lithium-air batteries and three-dimensional electrode arrays for use in part solid, part fluid electrochemical and flow cells and metal-air and lithium-air batteries.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant ceramic electrode material includes ceramic particles and, present between them, a three-dimensional network electroconducting path composed of a reductively fired product of a carbon-containing polymeric compound. This material is manufactured by a method in which a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable monomer previously contained in a ceramic slurry is performed to gel the ceramic slurry to thereby give a green body; and after drying and degreasing, the green body is fired in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.

Abstract: A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a negative electrode composed of a metallic lithium foil and a positive electrode, the negative electrode and the positive electrode being arranged so as to face each other with an ion-conducting medium therebetween. The positive electrode is formed by a method in which a conductive agent and a binder are mixed, and then the mixture is press-formed onto a current collector. The ion-conducting medium contains, in addition to a lithium salt such as lithium hexafluorophosphate, a halogen such as iodine, and a halogen compound (e.g., lithium iodide). Furthermore, the positive electrode may contain a lithium halide.

Abstract: A non-microbial fuel cell utilizing an organic fuel containing a hydroxyl group and a non-metallic catalyst is disclosed. Compositions for use in and methods for generating electric energy from chemical energy using fuel cells are also disclosed. Compositions for use in and methods of storing energy using fuel cells are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catalyst layer composition for a fuel cell includes an ionomer cluster, a catalyst, and a solvent including water and polyhydric alcohol; and an electrode for a fuel cell includes a catalyst layer comprising an ionomer cluster having a three-dimensional reticular structure, and a catalyst, a method of preparing a electrode for a fuel cell includes a catalyst layer comprising an ionomer cluster having a three-dimensional reticular structure, and a catalyst, and a membrane-electrode assembly for a fuel cell including the electrode and a fuel cell system including the membrane-electrode assembly.

Abstract: A conductive carbon carrier for a fuel cell having at least a surface layer graphitized, characterized in that the dimension (La) in a six-membered ring face (carbon plane) direction of a crystallite measured by X-ray diffraction is 4.5 nm or more. This carbon carrier improves the durability in a fuel cell and enables operation for a long period of time.

Abstract: A porous carbonaceous composite material including a core including a carbon nanotube (CNT); and a coating layer on the core, the coating layer including a carbonaceous material including a hetero element.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrode comprising an electrically conductive material having a surface capable of producing surface enhanced Raman scattering of incident light from a complex adsorbed at the surface of the electrode, the complex including the electrically conductive material combined with a second material that is substantially reducible and not substantially oxidizable. The surface of the electrode can be microroughened. The invention also includes a method for making various embodiments of the electrode, and a method of generating electricity using the electrode. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a fuel cell is provided including the electrode of the invention.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell reaction layer which is excellent in durability and heat resistance while having a low operation temperature. In addition, supply of an oxygen gas to the fuel cell reaction layer is hardly disturbed. Also disclosed are a fuel cell and a method for producing such a fuel cell reaction layer. Specifically disclosed is a fuel cell reaction layer wherein a mixed conductive catalyst is used. The mixed conductive catalyst includes a conductive carrier composed of an electron conductor formed of carbon and a proton conductor formed of an inorganic material. The electron conductor is an inorganic material comprising a polymerized and carbonized organic monomer: the proton conductor is an inorganic material, and the electron conductor and the proton conductor are bonded together. In addition, a water-repellent carbon is further blended in this fuel cell reaction layer.

Abstract: A benzoxazine-based monomer, a polymer thereof, an electrode for a fuel cell including the same, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell including the same, and a fuel cell using the same. The aromatic ring may contain up to 2 nitrogens within the ring. Single ring and fused ring substituents are attached to the pendent nitrogen. The ring substituents may be heterocyclic.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst having high durability with resistance to corrosion in an acidic electrolyte or at high potential and high oxygen reduction activity. The catalyst is a metal oxycarbonitride containing at least one group III transition metal compound and at least one group IV or V transition metal oxide having a crystallite size of 1 to 100 nm. The group III transition metal compound may be a compound of at least one selected from the group consisting of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, samarium, dysprosium, and holmium. The group IV or V transition metal oxide may be an oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, tantalum, and niobium.

Abstract: A naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer is represented by Formula 1 below: In Formula 1, R2 and R3 or R3 and R4 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, and R5 and R6 or R6 and R7 are linked to each other to form a group represented by Formula 2 below, In Formula 2, * represents the bonding position of R2 and R3, R3 and R4, R5 and R6, or R6 and R7 of Formula 1. A polymer is formed by polymerizing the naphthoxazine benzoxazine-based monomer, an electrode for a fuel cell includes the polymer, an electrolyte membrane for a fuel cell includes the polymer, and a fuel cell uses the electrode.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluoropolymer electrolyte material which has improved processability and which is easily produced. The electrolyte emulsion of the present invention comprises an aqueous medium and a fluoropolymer electrolyte dispersed in the aqueous medium. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a monomer unit having an SO3Z group (Z is an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, hydrogen, or NR1R2R3R4, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 each are individually a C1-C3 alkyl group or hydrogen). The fluoropolymer electrolyte has an equivalent weight (EW) of 250 or more and 700 or less and a proton conductivity at 110° C. and relative humidity 50% RH of 0.10 S/cm or higher. The fluoropolymer electrolyte is a spherical particulate substance having an average particle size of 10 to 500 nm. The fluoropolymer electrolyte has a ratio (the number of SO2F groups)/(the number of SO3Z groups) of 0 to 0.01.

Abstract: A non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium air battery including the same. The non-aqueous electrolyte may include an oxygen anion capturing compound to effectively dissociate the reduction reaction product of oxygen formed during discharging of the lithium air battery, reduce the overvoltage of the oxygen evolution reaction occurring during battery charging, and enhance the energy efficiency and capacity of the battery.

Abstract: To provide an economical fuel cell electrode catalyst which can be used in place of platinum as a simple substance or a platinum alloy and has easy-to-control catalytic power, a molecular metal complex is used as a fuel cell electrode catalyst which molecular metal complex is a mononuclear or multinuclear coordination compound that has a particular structure, that is not a polymer compound, and that does not have a layered structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for manufacturing a catalyst-coated membrane, the catalyst-coated membrane manufactured by the method, and a fuel cell including the catalyst-coated membrane manufactured by the method. The method includes the steps of: (a) providing a mask including a masking film layer and a first adhesive layer laminated on the masking film layer, and having patterns in which portions corresponding to the portions of an electrolyte membrane to be coated with catalyst are removed; (b) attaching the mask on one surface or both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane; (c) coating catalyst ink on the electrolyte membrane through the patterns of the mask so as to form a catalyst layer; and (d) removing the masking film layer and the first adhesive layer.

Abstract: A chemically linked catalyst-binder hydrogel material comprised of a water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is useful in, for example, fuel cells, batteries, electrochemical supercapacitors, semi-fuel cells etc. The water-insoluble chemical hydrogel is prepared by a chemical cross-linking reaction between a polymer (such as PVA or chitosan or gelatin) and an aqueous cross-linking agent such as glutaraldehyde, which is catalyzed by protic acid under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure.

Abstract: An electrode for a fuel cell with an operating temperature of about 100° C. or more. The electrode has an electrode catalyst layer that includes an electrode catalyst with a conductive carrier and catalyst particles supported on the conductive carrier. The electrode catalyst includes an acid impregnated electrode catalyst in which the conductive carrier is impregnated with an acid component having proton conductivity by a heat treatment with the acid component in advance, and a non-impregnated electrode catalyst. The acid impregnated electrode catalyst and the non-impregnated electrode catalyst are uniformly distributed in the electrode catalyst layer.

Abstract: There is provided an electrode catalyst layer that has excellent durability compared to conventional electrode catalyst layers employing carbon supports, and that can minimize as much as possible the amount of catalyst material used while exhibiting desired output, by allowing adjustment of the amount as necessary. The electrode catalyst dispersion of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles that contain a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, and a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof. The ink composition of the disclosure comprises catalyst particles containing a non-conductive support and a conductive catalyst material covering the surface of non-conductive support, a dispersing medium selected from among water, organic solvents and combinations thereof, and an ionic conductive polymer, wherein the volume ratio of the catalyst particles and the ionic conductive polymer is 55:45-90:10.

Abstract: An electrocatalyst composition comprising one or more electrically conductive particles of one or more of carbon black, activated carbon, and graphite with one or more catalysts of a macrocycle and a metal adhered and/or bonded to the outer surface of the particles. The catalyst can be comprised, for example, of one or more of acetylacetonate and phthalocyanine and a metal. The metal component used in the electrocatalyst composition is comprised of one or more of iron, nickel, zinc, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, copper, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, osmium, iridum, platinum and gold. An ionic transfer membrane having a layer of the electrocatalyst thereon is disposed in a fuel cell in communication with and between current collectors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure encompass vinyl addition and ROMP polymers having at least one type of repeating unit that encompasses a comprise N+(CH3)3OH? moiety. Other embodiments in accordance with the disclosure include alkali anion-exchange membranes (AAEMs) made from one of such polymers, anion fuel cells (AFCs) that encompass such AAEMs and components of such AFCs, other than the AAEM, that encompass one of such polymers.

Abstract: A method of preparing a metal catalyst including a conductive catalyst material and a coating layer formed of a water repellent material on the surface of the conductive catalyst material includes: obtaining a water repellent material solution by mixing a water repellent material and a first solvent; obtaining a conductive catalyst solution by mixing a conductive catalyst material and a first solvent; mixing the water repellent material solution and the conductive catalyst solution; casting the result onto a supporter, drying the cast result and then separating a metal catalyst in a solid state from the supporter; and pulverizing and sieving the product. Also provided is a method of preparing an electrode including the metal catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are an enzyme immobilizing method, a fuel cell and an electrode for the fuel cell which employ the enzyme immobilizing method, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell and the electrode. The enzyme immobilizing method prevents reduction in enzyme activity when the enzyme is immobilized on the electrode, so as to make it possible to obtain a high catalyst current value. In the method for immobilizing an enzyme on the electrode used in the fuel cell, an enzyme variant with at least one amino acid residue being deleted, substituted, added, or inserted in a wild-type amino acid sequences is used as the enzyme, and the enzyme variant increases in activity through heat treatment. The immobilization is performed within a temperature range which makes it possible to increase the activity of the enzyme variant.

Abstract: The catalyst thin layer consists of electronically conductive catalyst nano-particles embedded in a polymeric matrix. The ratio number of catalyst atoms/total number of atoms in the catalyst layer is comprised between 40% and 90%, more preferably between 50% and 60%.

Abstract: A fuel cell has an anode and a cathode with anode enzyme disposed on the anode and cathode enzyme is disposed on the cathode. The anode is configured and arranged to electrooxidize an anode reductant in the presence of the anode enzyme. Likewise, the cathode is configured and arranged to electroreduce a cathode oxidant in the presence of the cathode enzyme. In addition, anode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the anode to transduce a current between the anode and the anode enzyme and cathode redox hydrogel may be disposed on the cathode to transduce a current between the cathode and the cathode enzyme.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure encompass vinyl addition and ROMP polymers having at least one type of repeating unit that encompasses a comprise N+(CH3)3OH? moiety. Other embodiments in accordance with the disclosure include alkali anion-exchange membranes (AAEMs) made from one of such polymers, anion fuel cells (AFCs) that encompass such AAEMs and components of such AFCs, other than the AAEM, that encompass one of such polymers.