Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: In the formation of microstructures, a preformed sheet of photoresist, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which is strain free, may be milled down before or after adherence to a substrate to a desired thickness. The photoresist is patterned by exposure through a mask to radiation, such as X-rays, and developed using a developer to remove the photoresist material which has been rendered susceptible to the developer. Micrometal structures may be formed by electroplating metal into the areas from which the photoresist has been removed. The photoresist itself may form useful microstructures, and can be removed from the substrate by utilizing a release layer between the substrate and the preformed sheet which can be removed by a remover which does not affect the photoresist. Multiple layers of patterned photoresist can be built up to allow complex three dimensional microstructures to be formed.

Abstract: A web or sheet product is provided which is coated on at least a portion of its surface with a bond-enabling material for adhering toner particles, on the surface of the sheet. The sheet product can be used as a mailer or confidential form which is sealed using toner particles as the adhesive. The bond-enabling material may be a polymer which is coated on the sheet as a liquid and then cured to form a film on the surface of the sheet. The bond-enabling material is resistant to melting or degrading when exposed to temperatures used for fusing toner particles, and additionally may act as a tie coat to enhance the adhesion of toner particles to the surface of the sheet. The bond-enabling material may be coated on the peripheral edges of the sheet, and toner particles are printed over the bond-enabling material on the peripheral edges of the sheet. The sheet is folded and sealed by the application of heat and pressure to the edges of the sheet.

Abstract: A conductive layer in a semiconductor device is protected against chemical attack by a photoresist developer by forming a protective film overlying the conductive layer. The protective film is formed using a chemical reaction that occurs through defects in a passivation layer that was previously formed overlying the conductive layer. The chemical reaction substantially occurs at the surface of the conductive layer and chemically converts portions thereof in forming the protective film. Preferably, the conductive layer is aluminum or an alloy thereof containing copper and/or silicon, and the protective film is aluminum oxide formed on the aluminum layer to protect it from corrosion by tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH). The passivation layer is TiN, and the chemical reaction used is oxidation of the aluminum layer through defects in the overlying TiN layer by placing in an ozone asher.

Abstract: A polyester film for an image-forming transfer material, wherein a difference .DELTA..alpha..sub.t between the maximum coefficient of thermal expansion and the minimum coefficient of thermal expansion in the film plane is not larger than 1.0.times.10.sup.-5 /.degree.C., and the maximum coefficient of thermal expansion .alpha..sub.tmax is not larger than 2.5.times.10.sup.-5 /.degree.C., which can form a high quality color image having less deviation and a high image density.

Abstract: A slide blank comprises a support at least part of which is essentially transparent; an imageable layer superposed on one face of the support, the imageable layer not being substantially photosensitive but comprising a color-forming composition, which, upon imagewise exposure to actinic radiation, forms a colored material, thereby forming in the imageable layer an image which can be viewed in transmission; and a protective layer superposed on the imageable layer on the opposed side thereof from the support, at least part of the protective layer being essentially transparent; the support, imageable layer and protective layer being secured together to form a slide blank having a thickness of at least about 0.8 mm, and the thickness of the protective layer being such that no part of the imageable layer containing the color-forming composition is more than about 0.2 mm from one external surface of the slide blank. This slide blank can be imaged to produce a ready-mounted slide.

Abstract: A slide blank comprises a support; a mask layer having a substantially transparent central portion and a non-transparent peripheral portion surrounding the central portion; and an imageable layer which is not substantially photosensitive but is imageable to form an image which can be viewed in transmission. The support, mask layer and imageable layer are secured together so that the support and the imageable layer extend across essentially the entire transparent central portion of the mask layer, at least the portion of the support adjacent the central portion of the mask layer being substantially transparent. This slide blank can be imaged to produce a ready-mounted slide.

Abstract: A plate material for a shadow mask, consisting essentially of iron or of iron and nickel and having a surface configuration which stabilizes the adhesion between the plate material and a photoresist and improves the adhesion between the plate material and a negative pattern in the process of producing a shadow mask, thereby enabling improvements in the quality and the productivity, and which causes no annealing adhesion in the shadow mask softening annealing step in the process of producing a color picture tube. The plate material has a surface roughness Ra and a surface roughness projection condition Rsk, which are defined as follows:Ra: from 0.3 to 0.8.mu.mRsk: +0.1 or morewhere Ra is the surface roughness specified in JIS B 0601, and Rsk is a value representative of the relativity of an amplitude distribution curve to a mean line, i.e.

Abstract: A standard whole blood composition is disclosed, which is useful as a pooled human hemostasis reference standard in blood coagulation assays including Activated Clotting Time (ACT), Whole Blood Prothrombin Time (WBPT), Whole Blood Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (WBAPTT) and Whole Blood Thrombin time (WBTT). Also disclosed are methods for determining the human standardized potency of heparin and protamine.

Abstract: A silicon micro sensor including a silicon substrate, a support element formed over an etched portion of the silicon substrate and a sensor element formed on the support element wherein the support element has a double layered structure including a silicon oxide film formed on the silicon substrate using the thermal oxidization method and an aluminum oxide film formed on the silicon oxide film using the sputtering method.

Abstract: A photocured resin relief plate comprising a relief layer comprising base layer A and top layer B formed by photocuring and arranged in this order, in which the thickness of the relief layer at a highlight portion constituting a pattern having a dot percent of 7% or less is smaller than the thickness of the relief layer at a portion other than the highlight portion. The photocured resin relief plate can be obtained by imagewise light exposure of a multilayer photosensitive resin layer comprising a lower layer of a liquid photosensitive resin layer having minimum insolubilization light exposure value Q.sub.A and an upper layer of a liquid photosensitive resin layer having minimum insolubilization light exposure value Q.sub.B, wherein Q.sub.B is not smaller than 23 millijoules/cm.sup.2 and not smaller than 5 times Q.sub.A.

Abstract: A simple method for diminishing the trench width in a photoresist structure to below the resolution limit is provided. A photoresist structure is produced and treated with an agent then contains a bulging constituent that reacts with functional groups of the photoresist structure. The bulging constituent causes a volume increase of the photoresist structure. The extent of the volume increase of the photoresist structures is controllable by varying various parameters.

Abstract: A transparent substrate material for receiving or containing an image comprised of a supporting substrate, an ink toner receiving coating composition on both sides of the substrate and comprised of an adhesive layer and an antistatic layer contained on two surfaces of the adhesive layer, which antistatic layer is comprised of mixtures or complexes of metal halides, or urea compounds both with polymers containing oxyalkylene segments.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for protecting an image which comprises providing a multilayered colored image on a permanent receiver which may be any of a wide range of materials. A photosensitive element on a substrate is laminated to a temporary element and exposed with substrate removal before development. After development, the steps are repeated with another color. A protective element is laminated to the colored image. After removal of the support of the temporary element, the colored image with protective element is laminated to a permanent receiver.

Abstract: Method for fabricating components for integrated optics are provided wherein a film of poly-4BCMU on a glass substrate, is masked, e.g. with one or more metallic strips on a glass plate and such film is irradiated with, e.g. a UV lamp, tuned within the absorption band of such film, in air, to photobleach the film portions around channels covered by the masking strips and reduce the refractive index thereof below that of the unbleached film channels. The bleached film portions then provide reflective beam confining interfaces which define the unbleached channels and form waveguides within the film. The invention also provides for interfering two laser beams, of like .lambda., at a coupling spot on the film, which beams are again tuned within the absorption band of such film, which bleach alternate lines or bars of such film to provide a phase grating therein.

Abstract: A method of patterning a photoresist layer to provide an aperture having retrograde sidewalls is described. Illumination may be through a conical prism arrangement or a conical reflecting mirror and cylindrical mirror arrangement. The method includes the step of directing energy towards a mask which selectively exposes portions of a photoresist layer disposed on the substrate. The energy is directed to the mask at an oblique angle with respect to the normal to the surface of the substrate. The underlying photoresist layer is obliquely sensitized by the obliquely directed illumination. The portions of the layer which are obliquely sensitized are removed leaving behind an aperture having retrograde sidewalls. The retrograde sidewalls are a preferred photoresist profile for easy and reliable lift-off of deposited material from the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A system for providing a personal booklet, such as a passport, with a picture of the face and personal data of the bookholder to thereby provide the booklet holder's identity. The system includes entering a picture of the face of an applicant, the picture being attached to an application form, as a figure image into an image composing device, entering personal data of the applicant entered in the application form as a character image, providing a composite image of the figure and character images, printing the composite image onto a thermal transfer type photosensitive printing paper, transfering the printed composite image onto an image receiving layer coated on a transparent cover sheet bound in the booklet, and sandwiching the image receiving material layer between a supporting sheet bound in the booklet next to the transparent cover sheet and the transparent cover sheet.

Abstract: A method of producing a self-supporting film carrying a positive photographic image is provided, comprising splitting an image-carrying positive photographic film in a manner known per se and removing remaining adhering paper residues from the image part and using the so obtained image part as the self-supporting film having thickness of less than 50 .mu.m. Also embodiments are shown for carrying out this process continuously.

Abstract: Multicolor image products useful for prepress color proofing. The products are laminates of a transfer support sheet; an adhesive layer of a heat-fusible and bondable material on a surface of said transfer support sheet; an image layer of a first color provided on the adhesive layer and having image areas of a water-insoluble resin component and non-image areas, the image areas being bonded to the surface of the adhesive layer; and one, two or three additional image layers each of a different color other than that of the first image layer.

Abstract: A one-part coating composition for the backside of photographic prints and photographic prints so coated are described. The white coating is reflective, flexible, and water resistant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a picture plate to be used indoor or outdoor for advertisment, display and decoration purposes. The picutre plate comprises of a semitransparent white plate (1) fitted in between the two identical pictures (2) which are matched completely. The picture (2) is affixed to one surface of the semitransparent white plate (1) either by itself, or with a transparent plastic plate (3). A composite picture plate thus formed is capable of exhibiting a clear picture either with the aid of transpiercing light (T) or reflection light (R).

Abstract: A photographic contact printing process is disclosed having application in the mass production of replicate video discs from a master disc, and other applications wherein it is desired to replicate micro-detail over a relatively large area. A problem with conventional contact printing from a mask to a photographic medium is one of maintaining intimate contact over a relatively large area since dust, dirt, etc., are almost impossible to completely eliminate in any practical manner. In accordance with the present invention, a contact printing process is provided wherein intimate contact is not necessary for making high quality contact prints. The present invention recognizes that in contact printing information from a master disc to a replicate disc, the contact printing process is significantly less sensitive to imperfect contact between the master disc and the replicate disc if one employs a replicate disc comprising a photosensitive material having a certain optical properties.

Abstract: A card, or a seal, with a picture includes a sheet with an image transferred to an image receiving layer coated on a transparent sheet in a heat-transferring manner, and a sheet-like base material to which the image receiving layer is to be attached with an adhesive layer.The card or the seal is made by a method which includes the steps of forming a mirror image of an original in the photosensitive layer of a photosensitive material superposing the sheet formed with the image on an image receiving layer of an image receiving sheet so as to superpose the photosensitive layer on and adhere the photosensitive layer to an image receiving layer of the image receiving sheet, and heat-developing and heat transferring the image in the photosensitive layer onto the image receiving layer.

Abstract: An optical recording medium for writing and reading information by use of a beam of light comprises an optical recording layer comprising a light-reflective layer and a light-absorptive layer having been preformatted in the form of grooves.

Abstract: Mixtures which can be cross-linked by photopolymerization and are based on soluble elastomeric block copolymers, photopolymerizable monomers which are compatible with these, photoinitiators and plasticizers contain, as the plasticizer, a chlorolakane of 8 to 40 carbon atoms which has a chlorine content of from 30 to 73% by weight.

Abstract: This optical recording card includes optical recording medium which is formed with optical information patterns each of which has an optical reflective layer and information stored in the optical recording card can be read out in dependency on the difference in optical reflectivity of the optical information pattern. It is not economical that the optical reflective layer of the optical recording card is formed on a base sheet by etching or the like, wherein the base sheet is prepared in the form of a sheet. The optical recording card is produced by way of the steps of forming an optical reflective layer on a continuous base film having large area and then die cutting the assembly of optical reflective layer and base film into a large number of optical recording cards having required dimensions in such a state that the optical recording medium is held between a card base and a protective sheet.

Abstract: A method of producing business cards, name cards and the like in color comprising pictures as well as or instead of text, in which complete artwork, comprising pictures, symbols, logos, numerical and/or alphabetic characters, in color and in any desired arrangement, is copied as a single color negative; the exposed color negative is processed, the processed color negative is printed onto color photographic paper, and the latter after processing is cut to size to provide the desired number of cards in color. The exposed color negative is processed in a manner providing very high-contrast. Only a single medium namely the color negative is used as an intermediate between the artwork and the finished card.

Abstract: A non-conductive substrate is conditioned for subsequent selective deposition of a metal thereon by providing at least one of the major surfaces of the substrate in roughened form, contacting that surface(s) with a palladium/tin catalyst, activating the catalyst by employing an alkali hydroxide solution, laminating a photosensitive composition to the major surface(s), and exposing the photosensitive composition to actinic light in a predetermined pattern and then developing to provide the predetermined pattern.

Abstract: A photo negative strip including a sequence of individual photo frames is protected by laminating two slightly narrower strips of transparent protective film onto the opposed surfaces of the photo strip; each protective strip is removably secured to the photo strip by two edge stripes of a pressure sensitive releasable adhesive. The adhesive stripes covers the sprocket holes near the edges of the photo strip, but edge portions of the photo strip are left, uncovered by either protective film, along both outer edges of the photo strip. The preferred protective film is of biaxially oriented polystyrene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing supports intended for the optical recording and reading of information. A layer containing a diazo compound is deposited onto a metallized substrate. Recording is obtained by exposing the support to light through a mask, the exposed zones of the layer of diazo compound being decomposed. Dry development in ammonia vapors shows up transparent zones and opaque zones corresponding to the information.

Abstract: A hologram is fabricated by opening a volume phase reflection hologram formed in a recording medium such as a positive photoresist. The opening occurs by forming a second hologram, such as an off-axis hologram, in the same recording medium. The opened hologram can be replicated in metal and the metal can be used to emboss the fringe pattern of the opened hologram into plastic. A full range of colors in the visible spectrum may be obtained by metallizing the embossed plastic structure and then by overcoating it with appropriate clear dielectric layers.

Abstract: A data card comprising a self-supporting, wallet size plastic card base upon which is disposed a film substrate layer, a highly reflective layer and an optical storage layer which is a selected photosensitive layer which has been exposed at an actinic wavelength and developed to be substantially opaque over a portion of its extent, except for an imagewise exposure pattern of clear and partially clear data marks revealing to varying extends reflectivity in the underlying reflective layer. Data spots may have one of four different reflectivities thereby representing a quadrinary digit 0, 1, 2 or 3 replacing two binary digits. The reflective layer is matched to the selected optical storage layer so that the reflective layer is highly reflective at a read beam wavelength in the red or near infrared and less reflective at actinic wavelengths either in the blue/green range or in the ultraviolet.

Abstract: An optical recording material comprising (I) a substrate, (II) a recording layer provided on said substrate, the recording layer consisting of light transmissive portions and light screening portions, and (III) a reflective metallic thin film layer provided on the recording layer; as well as a process therefor. The invention also includes an optical card comprising the optical recording material provided on a card substrate. In the cases of the optical recording material and the optical card, it is possible to readily carry out high density recording, the alternation of written information is difficult, and the written information can be read out on a basis of the difference in light reflectivity.

Abstract: A photochromic ink composition which comprises a solution of a 1,2-dihydroquinoline (DHQ) in a polymer solution, the dihydroquinoline being sensitive or sensitized to ultra-violet light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for optical storage which utilizes a photopolymerizable liquid crystalline material having cholesteric optical properties. By selectively adjusting the reflectance or transmittance properties of the recording medium such that specific wavelength bands of light are reflected or transmitted, and then substantially permanently fixing the reflectance or transmittance characteristics of the film by photopolymerization, multiple wavelength-dependent information can be stored in each dot. Accordingly, the capacity of the recording medium is substantially expanded when compared to conventional optical storage media.

Abstract: A patterned image including on a substrate, a patterned image of a first resist polymeric material and patterned image of a second and different resist material on the first resist polymeric material. The polymeric material contains reactive hydrogen functional groups and/or reactive hydrogen precursor groups. At least the surface layer of the delineated and uncovered first resist polymer material is reacted with a multifunctional organometallic material containing at least two functional groups that are reactive with the functional groups of the polymeric material.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a substrate having first and second sides. A layer of photoresist is deposited on the first side of the substrate. This layer of photoresist has a selected thickness and defines an area of openings therein such that the first side of the substrate is exposed at the openings, the openings being distributed in a pattern indicative of selected stored information. A reflecting layer is deposited on the photoresist layer and on the first side of the substrate at the openings. Both the substrate and the layer of photoresist are adapted to transmit the reading beam such that a portion of the reading beam incident on the second side of the substrate is reflected out of the substrate by the reflecting layer, both in a first region comprising the openings and in a second region between the openings.

Abstract: Improved printing with polymers is achieved by interposing a liquid layer conforming to rough substrate surfaces and possibly exhibiting different characteristics from an outer surface polymer layer. This is particularly advantageous in printed wiring board (PWB) manufacture requiring solder mask coating. Thus, a two layer composite polymer coating is provided. One inner adhesive photopolymer layer is applied to the PWB in the liquid state, displacing air from PWB surface. The outer layer of the composite therefore can be epoxy, dry film or liquid polymer. Dry film thus carried on a thin plastic sheet may be overlaminated onto a liquid inner layer already on the substrate, without the need for a vacuum laminator to eliminate bubbles or a plasticizing heat step to conform the dry film to the surface.

Abstract: A sheet containing an integrated-directional, half-tone image. Each sheet may contain one or more such images. Also a method for forming such images in microlens sheetings comprising directly a highly collimated light through an interposed half-tone mask.

Abstract: An optical recording material comprising (I) a substrate, (II) a recording layer provided on said substrate, the recording layer consisting of light transmissive portions and light screening portions, and (III) a reflective metallic thin film layer provided on the recording layer; as well as a process therefor. The invention also includes an optical card comprising the optical recording material provided on a card substrate. In the cases of the optical recording material and the optical card, it is possible to readily carry out high density recording, the alternation of written information is difficult, and the written information can be read out on a basis of the difference in light reflectivity.

Abstract: A photographic method for making a color filter element, and the resulting color filter element is disclosed.

Abstract: An information recording medium includes a substrate having first and second sides. A layer of photoresist is deposited on the first side of the substrate. This layer of photoresist has a selected thickness and defines an area of openings therein such that the first side of the substrate is exposed at the openings, the openings being distributed in a pattern indicative of selected stored information. A reflecting layer is deposited on the photoresist layer and on the first side of the substrate at the openings. Both the substrate and the layer of photoresist are adapted to transmit the reading beam such that a portion of the reading beam incident on the second side of the substrate is reflected out of the substrate by the reflecting layer, both in a first region comprising the openings and in a second region between the openings.

Abstract: A coating composition for the backside of photographic prints and photographic prints so coated are described. The white coating is reflective, flexible, and water resistant.

Abstract: A display image for display and sign applications. The display image comprises: a flexible substrate, an image layer on the flexible substrate, the image layer comprising a flexible tacky photopolymer having been exposed to electromagnetic radiation and having a toner applied to create an image from exposed areas, such as by the Cromalin process, and a transparent or translucent flexible sealing layer such as Flexmark film overlying the image layer so as to sandwich the image layer between the flexible substrate and the sealing layer producing a flexible display image which can be flexed or bent through an angle without craking or crazing being readily discernable and showing as an adverse effect on or deterioration of the visual quality of the image.

Abstract: A printing plate consisting of a base portion, a mount portion and a relief portion made of a liquid resin which is sensitive to and curable by irradiated activating rays, the plate being prepared by use of a masking sheet formed with a transmitting pattern having a contour corresponding to and slightly larger than the pattern of a negative film, a semi-transmitting pattern positioned outside the transmitting pattern and having a large contour for transmitting irradiated activating rays upon attenuation, and a blocking surface positioned outside the semi-transmitting pattern and having an effect to block the activating rays to an extent not to cure the liquid resin layer.

Abstract: Provided is an identification card having a photographic image support, the lower layer of which is impregnated with a hot-melt type thermoplastic adhesive, and a laminable indicia bearing layer and a durable resilient backing to which the support and bearing layer are laminated.

Abstract: A method of producing a mask to be used for the production of a ceramic filter is disclosed, wherein an ultraviolet ray-transmitting film, which cannot transmit ultraviolet ray at the portion corresponding to the through holes of a porous ceramic honeycomb structural body, into which holes a sealing material is to be injected at the opening end surface of the body, and can transmit ultraviolet ray at the portion corresponding to the through holes of the body, into which holes the sealing material is not to be injected at the opening end surface of the body, is made; the film is arranged on an ultraviolet ray-curable resin; ultraviolet ray is irradiated to the resin through the film; and the ultraviolet ray-uncured resin portion is removed from the resin. The mask matches to the porous honeycomb structural body, and a ceramic filter can be easily produced from the body.

Abstract: An optical recording element in which information can be recorded and read directly afterwards by means of laser light, comprises a substrate having on at least one side a recording layer including an effective amount of one or more compounds selected from a certain class of trimethine and longer chain aryl polymethine dyes associated with specific counter-ions.

Abstract: An electrostatic transfer medium comprising a sheet formed of a transparent polyester plastic substrate having a thin transparent coating of a compatible polyester resinous composition having a softening range less than the softening range of the substrate material. A high resolution transparency is formed by electrophotographically forming a toned latent electrostatic image of a document upon an electrophotographic member, bringing the transfer medium into engagement with the image under localized pressure and heat to form a laminate and separating the cooled laminate whereby the image is transferred fully to the coating, the transfer being effected with minimal loss of optical density or resolution and practically no residue remaining on the electrophotographic member. The laminate may be cooled prior to separation.

Abstract: A transparency for the formation of an adherent electrostatic image thereon includes a polyester resin film sheet having an image-receiving coating of nitrocellulose, a plasticizer, a particulate material, and, preferably, an antistatic agent. The coating is applied to the film sheet from a solvent mixture of an aliphatic ester or an aliphatic ketone, and an aliphatic alcohol.