Abstract: A process for the preparation of a photogenerating composition which comprises mixing titanyl phthalocyanine Type IV with the AB block copolymer polystyrene-4-vinyl pyridine in a suitable solvent.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of Type II dihydroxygermanium phthalocyanine which comprises treating dihalogermanium phthalocyanine or dialkoxygermanium phthalocyanine with a strong acid, followed by treatment with water, and subsequent optional washing with an organic base and an aprotic organic solvent.

Abstract: A layered photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer and a charge transport layer, and wherein the photogenerating layer contains Type IV titanyl phthalocyanine obtained by a process which comprises the addition of an oxytitanium phthalocyanine containing a mixture of Type I and Type II titanyl phthalocyanine polymorphs, or a substantially pure Type II titanyl phthalocyanine polymorph to a solvent comprised of a trihaloacetic acid and an alkylene halide; adding the resultant solution to a mixture which enables precipitation of Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine; separating the Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine from the solution; and thereafter subjecting the Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine obtained to treatment with a halobenzene, followed by the separation of the said Type IV oxytitanium phthalocyanine.

Abstract: A process for preparing an electrophotographic imaging member having a coating of photoconductive particles dispersed in a polymerizable film forming monomer, which when polymerized forms a charge generating layer.

Abstract: A method for making photosensitive materials of the positive charge type which are useful in electrophotography is described. In the method, X-type and/or .tau.-type phthalocyanine is at least partially dissolved in a solvent along with a resin binder or in a solution of the resin binder by which good photosensitive characteristics are obtained. The photosensitive material obtained by the method may be of a single-layer or a double-layer type. A photosensitive material having an improved ozone resistance is also disclosed. The material makes use of a resin binder having vinylphenol units therein.

Abstract: A layered photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer comprised of titanyl phthalocyanine photogenerating pigments and thereover a charge transport layer, and wherein said photogenerating pigments are prepared by a process which comprises the formation of a slurry comprised of dihalotitanium phthalocyanine in a mixture comprised of a trihaloacetic acid and an alkylene chloride; adding the resultant slurry to a mixture of an aliphatic alcohol and water enabling hydrolysis whereby Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine is obtained; separating the Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine from the slurry; and thereafter subjecting the Type X oxytitanium phthalocyanine obtained to treatment with a halobenzene, followed by the separation of Type IV oxytitanium phthalocyanine photogenerating pigments.

Abstract: The invention provides a coating composition comprising a coating solution of a polymeric binder and an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value greater than 9.0, the coating solution having dispersed therein a titanyl fluorophthalocyanine pigment which has been acid-pasted or salt-milled to increase its photosensitivity and then has been brought into contact with an organic solvent having a gamma.sub.c hydrogen bonding parameter value less than 8.0 to preserve its increased photosensitivity, prior to the pigment's being dispersed in the coating solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising: an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the electroconductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises (i) oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form characterized by main peaks specified by Bragg angles (2.theta..+-.0.2 degree) of 9.0 degrees, 14.2 degrees, 23.9 degrees and 27.1 degrees in X-ray diffraction pattern based on CuK.alpha. characteristic X-rays, and (ii) a fluorene compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 independently denote aryl group optionally having a substituent; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently denote alkyl group optionally having a substituent, aralkyl group optionally having a substituent or aryl group optionally having a substituent; and R.sup.3 denotes hydrogen atom, alkyl group optionally having a substituent, alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, hydroxyl group or halogen atom.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of photogenerating pigments which comprises the sublimation of a pelletized crude photogenerating pigment at a temperature of from about 250.degree. to about 500.degree. C.; depositing the sublimate onto a substrate; subsequently increasing the sublimation temperature by from about 10.degree. to about 100.degree. C. above the first sublimation temperature, and depositing the resulting sublimate onto a substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process which comprises providing an alloy of selenium, preparing powdered particles of the alloy with an average particle diameter of less than 300 microns, placing the powdered particles into a container and tumbling the container, and subsequently removing the powdered particles from the container and compressing the powdered particles into pellets.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor and a method for producing the same are disclosed, in which stability of coating solution of a photoreceptive layer is improved. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive support having thereon a photoreceptive layer containing a binder, a titanylphthalocyanine which has a peak in X-ray diffraction spectrum thereof by Cu-K.alpha. ray at a Bragg angle 2.theta. of 27.2.degree..+-.0.2.degree., and a phthalocyanine derivative formed by reaction of phthalocyanine and a titanium compound represented by the following formula I or II; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are each a group capable of releasing upon reaction with said phthalocyanine.

Abstract: A new composition of titanyl phthalocyanine is provided. This composition has in its infrared absorption spectrum characteristically strong absorptions at absorption wavenumbers (in unit of cm.sup.-1) of 1490.+-.2, 1415.+-.2, 1332.+-.2, 1119.+-.2, 1072.+-.2, 1060.+-.2, 961.+-.2, 893.+-.2, 780.+-.2, 751.+-.2 and 730.+-.2, and has an extremely high solvent stability and dispersibility, and a large photoelectric conversion efficiency. The new form of composition can be obtained by adding to titanyl phthalocyanine, compounds of other phthalocyanines or naphthalocyanines as additives, and treating the amorphous composition of the mixture to crystallize the composition. By applying an appropriate binder, with the novel composition crystals as a charge generation agent, on a substrate, it is possible to obtain an electrophotographic photosensitive material that has a charge generation layer with an extremely high dispersibility and an extremely large photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a photoconductive pigment having a small particle size, a polymorph of a pigment is produced by a conversion process wherein a seed amount of the desired polymorph of the pigment and a larger amount of another polymorph of the pigment are subjected to a liquid jet interaction process.

Abstract: A process which comprises adding a pigment to a solution of trihaloacetic acid and toluene; adding the solution to a nonsolvent for the pigment; and separating the product from the solution.

Abstract: An electrophotographic coating composition comprising finely-divided photoconductive perylene pigment dispersed in a solvent solution of polymeric binder is prepared by the steps of (1) milling a perylene pigment with milling media comprising inorganic salt and non-conducting particles under shear conditions in the substantial absence of the solvent to provide pigment having a particle size up to 0.2 micrometer, (2) continuing the milling at higher shear at a temperature up to about 50.degree. C., to achieve a perceptible color change of the pigment particles, (3) rapidly reducing the temperature of the milled pigment by at least 10.degree. C., (4) separating the milled pigment from the media and (5) mixing the milled pigment with the solvent solution of polymeric binder to form the coating composition. A very high degree of dispersion of photoconductive perylene pigment in solvent solution of polymeric binder is achieved by this method.

Abstract: The disclosed substance has a general chemical formula of Y.sub.3-x --Ba.sub.x Cu.sub.y --O.sub.z, x being 0 to 1, y being 3 to 6, and z being 6 to 12. At a temperature below 90.degree.-95.degree. K., the disclosed substance shows superconductive photoconductivity or even both superconductivity, either real or potential, and photoconductivity in response to incident exciting light in a wavelength range of 420 to 640 nm. The substance is produced by heating a mixture of starting material therefor at 750.degree.-1,050.degree. C. for 1-10 hours so as to cause solid phase reaction, cooling gradually, shaping under pressure, sintering at 670.degree.-1,050.degree. C., and cooling either quickly at a rate of 2,000.degree.-900.degree. C./sec or slowly at a rate of 150.degree.-200.degree. C./hour.

Abstract: Oxytitanium phthalocyanine having a crystal form characterized by main peaks specified by Bragg angles (2.sigma..+-.0.2 degree) of 9.0 degrees, 14.2 degrees, 23.9 degrees and 27.1 degrees in X-ray diffraction pattern based on CuK.alpha. characteristic X-rays. The oxytitanium phthalocyanine crystal provides an electrophotosensitive member showing a high and stable photosensitivity for long-wavelength light as well as a stable chargeability even after photoirradiation.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor which employs a photosensitive layer including a binder resin and an organic pigment as a charge generating material which has been subjected to an acid pasting treatment. The sulfur content of the organic pigment is maintained at 500 ppm or less to achieve a stable high chargeability and low dark decay coefficient.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of phthalocyanine composites which comprises adding a metal free phthalocyanine, a metal phthalocyanine, a metalloxy phthalocyanine or mixtures thereof to a solution of trifluoroacetic acid and a monohaloalkane; adding to the resulting mixture a titanyl phthalocyanine; adding the resulting solution to a mixture that will enable precipitation of said composite, and recovering the phthalocyanine composite precipitated product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of x-metal free phthalocyanine which comprises (i) initially preparing a mixture of alpha- and x-metal free phthalocyanines from alpha-phthalocyanine with a grinding or mixing device, (ii) converting the above mixture to x-metal free phthalocyanine by the addition of an organic solvent, (iii) separating the x-metal free phthalocyanine therefrom, and thereafter washing the x-metal free phthalocyanine with a basic solution.

Abstract: Photosensitive materials of the positive charging type which are useful in electrophotography are described. The material comprises a conductive support of any desired form and a photoconductive layer formed on the support. The photoconductive layer is made of X-type and/or .tau.-type phthalocyanine compound dispersed in a binder resin. The compound is dispersed partly in a molecular state and partly in a particulate state in the resin. To make such a dispersion, the compound is agitated in a solvent along with the binder resin until charge transportability and charge generating ability are developed in the resultant photoconductive layer. Fundamentally, single-layer photosensitive materials with good photosensitive characteristics and a high heat resistance can be obtained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for treating particles of selenium alloy to reduce fractionation when the particles are subsequently vacuum evaporated onto a substrate which comprises (1) heating particles of an alloy of selenium and an alloying component selected from the group are exposed to oxygen; (2) exposing the particles to water vapor; and (3) subjecting the particles previously exposed to oxygen and water vapor to a vacuum. Also disclosed is a process which comprises (1) providing particles of an alloy of selenium and an alloying component selected from the group consisting of tellurium, arsenic, and mixtures thereof; (2) forming selenium oxide on the surfaces of the particles; (3) converting the selenium oxide on the particle surfaces to selenious acid; and (4) removing the selenious acid from the particle surfaces.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chalcogenide alloys which comprises crystallizing a chalcogenide alloy, grinding and pelletizing the crystallized product, and evaporating the alloy on, for example, a supporting substrate to form a photoreceptor.

Abstract: Unsymmetrical squaraine compounds such as substituted dialkylaminophenylalkoxyaryl squaraines, and imaging members comprised of the aforementioned squaraines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of chalcogenide alloys which comprises crystallizing a chalcogenide alloy, grinding and pelletizing the crystallized product, and evaporating the alloy on, for example, a supporting substrate to form a photoreceptor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a photosensitizer which is bound to a cellulose acetate polymer, a method preparing the bound photosensitizer and a process for using the bound photosensitizer. The photosensitizers which may be used in the invention include rose bengal, rhodamine B, acridine orange, methylene blue and zinc phthalocyanine. The photosensitizer is attached to the cellulose acetate by reacting an acid group on the photosensitizer with a hydroxyl group. Finally, the bound photosensitizer may be used to oxidize undesirable oxidizable compounds present in a hydrocarbon or aqueous fraction. One specific example is the sweetening of the sweetening of kerosene which involves oxidizing the mercaptans contained in the kerosene.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having an electroconductive substrate and a photosensitive layer or layers contains pigment particles of 0.5 .mu. or below in size in an amount of 80% or more in weight or number of the total pigment. The particles of the above-mentioned size distribution are dispersed in a binder.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a conductive support, and having thereon a charge generation layer formed by coating a coating solution containing a charge generating material dispersed in the time of a total dispersing time T in the range of the formula 4 T.sub.1 .gtoreq.T.gtoreq.2 T.sub.1, followed by drying, and a charge transport layer formed by coating a coating solution containing a charge-transporting material followed by drying and a method of preparing it.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic laminated photosensitive material of the positive charging type comprising an electroconductive substrate, a charge-transporting layer formed on the substrate and a charge-generating and transporting layer formed on the charge-transporting layer. The charge-transporting layer is composed of a binder resin containing a hole-transporting substance, and the charge-generating and transporting layer is composed of a binder resin containing a hole-transporting substance different from the hole-transporting substance in the charge-transporting layer and a charge-generating substance. The oxidation potential of the hole-transporting substance in the charge-generating and transporting layer is higher than that of the hole-transporting substance in the charge-transporting layer, but the difference of the oxidation potential between the hole-transporting substances of the two layers is smaller than 0.3 eV.

Abstract: A method for making a photoconductive powder which comprises the steps of preparing fine particles of metal oxide or metal hydroxide by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxide or metal acetylacetonate; and immersing the fine particles into pigment containing suspensions to provide three types of composite particles. Each of the suspensions contains a respective pigment having a spectral absorption band within the wavelength region of a one of the primary colors of the additive principle. Each type of the resultant composite particles is composed of the fine particles of the metal oxide or metal hydroxide and the associated pigment as a principal component.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved layered photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a vacuum evaporated photogenerator layer comprised of fractionally sublimed quinacridone pigments including 2,9-dichloroquinacridone, and an aryl amine hole transport layer comprised of molecules of the following formula ##STR1## dispersed in a resinous binder, and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved layered photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a vacuum evaporated photogenerator layer comprised of certain fractionaklly sublimed indigoid pigments such as 4,4,7,7'-tetrachlorothioindigo; and an aryl amine hole transport layer comprised of molecules of the following formula: ##STR1## dispersed in a resinous binder and wherein X is selected from the group consisting of halogen and alkyl.

Abstract: In a method of increasing the sensitivity of a photosensitive member for inputting digital light, the photosensitive member is prepared to have a steep variation in the value of .gamma. of a latent image formed on the photosensitive member. Digital light and another light are applied to the photosensitive member at substantially the same time. The other light is emitted by an incandescent light, a LED or a fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A process for controlling fractionation in selenium alloys comprising providing pellets of an alloy comprising amorphous selenium and an alloying component selected from the group consisting of tellurium, arsenic, and mixtures thereof, the particles having an average particle size between about 300 micrometers and about 3,000 micrometers, exposing the pellets to an ambient temperature of between about 114.degree. C. and about 190.degree. C. until an exotherm occurs in the pellets resulting in substantially complete crystallization between about 104.degree. C. and about 180.degree. C., grinding the pellets into fresh powder having an average particle size of less than about 200 micrometers, and compressing the fresh powder into fresh pellets having an average weight between about 50 mg and about 1000 mg. The resulting fresh pellets may be heated in a vacuum chamber to vacuum deposit the alloy onto a substrate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of manufacturing a photosensitive member including an electrically conductive support and a photoconductive layer formed on said support for use in electrophotography is characterized by including the steps of introducing a reacting gas containing predetermined components for forming said photoconductive layer on said support into said reaction chamber and irradiating ultraviolet light to activate said predetermined components while maintaining said support at a predetermined temperature thereby causing said predetermined components to be deposited onto said support.

Abstract: A process for preparing a dispersion liquid containing an organic photoconductive azo pigment by use of a solvent is provided which comprises subjecting the azo pigment to a heating treatment in a ketone type solvent as a dispersion pretreatment. The azo pigment is characterized by the general formula (1) wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and A represents a coupler residue having a phenolic hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A photoreceptor comprises a conductive substrate, a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer, the charge generating layer being formed by bonding to the substrate a film layer having a composition consisting of copper phthalocyanine and a binder and then exposing said bonded film to iodine vapor for 1-120 min at 20 deg C.-90 deg C. The charge transporting layer is formed of a binder and an organic compound selected from hydrazones, pyrazolines, oxazoles, thiazoles and triaryl methane.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having the structure comprising a conductive substrate laminated thereon with (i) a charge generation layer comprising two or more kinds of charge-generating materials incorporated in binder resins and (ii) a charge transport layer, wherein said charge generation layer comprises at least a first charge generating material dispersed in a first binder resin and a second charge generating material dispersed in a second binder resin, such that the binder resins in the charge generating layer are incompatible with each other.

Abstract: A layered photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate; an amorphous photoconductive layer and a hole transport layer dispersed in a resinous binder, which layer is formulated from a solution mixture; and wherein the photoconductive layer is prepared by a process which comprises dissolving an inorganic photoconductive component in a solvent, removing the suspended particles therefrom, depositing the resulting solution on the supporting substrate, and subsequently heating the aforementioned member.

Abstract: An alloy treatment process is disclosed which comprises providing particles of an alloy comprising amorphous selenium and an alloying component selected from the group consisting of tellurium, arsenic, and mixtures thereof, the particles having an average particle size of at least about 300 micrometers and an average weight of less than about 1000 mg, forming crystalline nuclei on at least the surface of the particles while maintaining the substantial surface integrity of the particles, heating the particles to an initial temperature between about 50.degree. C. and about 80.degree. C. for at least about 30 minutes to form a thin, substantially continuous layer of crystalline material on the surface of the particles while maintaining the core of selenium alloy in the particles in an amorphous state, and rapidly heating the particles to at least a second temperature below the softening temperature of the particles that is at least 20.degree. C. higher than the initial temperature and between about 85.degree. C.

Abstract: A photosensitive layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition which is enhanced both by microwave and magnetic field. The microwave and the magnetic field are cooperating in exciting a process gas. At first, the pressure in a resonating chamber is set at a low pressure in which electron cyclotron resonance. Next the pressure is increased to a level at which the process gas is excited in hybrid resonating action.

Abstract: A photoconductive member is provided, which comprises a support and a light receiving layer provided on said support containing an amorphous material comprising silicon atoms as the matrix, the free surface of said light receiving layer having a contact angle with water of 75.degree. or higher.

Abstract: A process for making a ferrite spherical particulate toner carrier core from a raw fly ash comprising recovering the magnetic particles from the non-magnetic particles of the raw fly ash; selecting a desired size for the particles of the raw fly ash and screening the fly ash to obtain the desired sized particles; and purifying the resultant raw fly ash to obtain a ferrite composition having a particle size from 20-300 microns, in which the particles are essentially spherical, having an apparent density of at least 1.8 g/cm.sup.3, a saturation magnetization of 43-70 emu/g, a remanence of 5 emu/g or less, a Hall Flow of 20 sec. or greater/50 g.

Abstract: A cadmium carbonate/cadmium sulfide photoconductor is made by mixing solutions containing carbonate, cadmium and copper ions to form CdCO.sub.3 :Cu precipitate which is subsequently converted to CdCO.sub.3 /CdS:Cu by bubbling hydrogen sulfide gas through a hot aqueous suspension of the CdCO.sub.3 :Cu precipitate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic lithographic printing plate is described, comprising an electrically conductive support and a photoconductive layer on the support, said layer being made mainly of a photoconductive zinc oxide and a resin binder, wherein in the surface of the photoconductive layer, the degree of exposure of photoconductive zinc oxide is from 10% to 70%.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor which has excellent electrophotographic characteristics even when exposed to high-temperature and high-humidity conditions is formed from a phthalocyanine which has been treated with an acrylic resin, the acrylic resin having been obtained by polymerization of not less than 15 mole % of a monomer represented by the general formula, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together, may form a heterocyclic-ring containing a nitrogen atom, R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group, and n represents an integer of 1 or more, or an acid salt of the monomer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is provided which comprises a photosensitive layer containing a photoconductive pigment or dye dried according to freezing vacuum drying dispersed in a binder resin.

Abstract: A process for producing a toner, comprising the steps of suspending a molten mixture of starting materials of a binder containing a compound having a hydrocarbon chain and a colorant in an aqueous dispersing medium in the presence of a hardly water-soluble fine powdery inorganic dispersant, cooling the dispersed particles, and recovering the cooled particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive substrate, a first layer structure with a single layer made mainly of amorphous silicon formed on the substrate, and a second layer structure including multiple layers also mainly made of amorphous silicon layered in succession on the first layer structure. The plurality of second layers includes at least two high resistance layers having a relatively high resistance value and at least one low resistance layer having a relatively low resistance value compared to the high resistance value. The layers of the second layer structure are layered alternately on the first layer structure so that the first and last layers in the second layer structure are high resistance layers.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electro-photography has a photoconductive layer comprising a hydrogenated amorphous semiconductor composed of silicon and/or germanium as a matrix and at least one chemical modifier such as carbon, nitrogen and oxygen contained in the matrix.