Abstract: A holographic optical element or other similar molded article using glass as a substrate is improved in the adhesion between the glass substrate and a resin layer formed thereon so that neither peeling nor change of properties will occur. A holographic optical element (4) is adapted to generate interference fringes of the same pitch as that of tracks formed on a magnetic recording disk or repeated patterns formed on an encoder by interference between two light beams emerging from two different holographic lens regions. The holographic optical element (4) includes a glass substrate (3), a radiation-cured resin layer (2) having a hologram relief pattern on the surface thereof, and a silane coupling agent layer (5) provided between the glass substrate (3) and the radiation-cured resin layer (2).

Abstract: A homogenizer for incident light including: a sheet of embossable material including a one micro-sculpted surface relief structure that (i) controls the direction in which light propagates and (ii) homogenizes light with directionality has been formed by replicating in the sheet of embossable material another micro-sculpted surface structure that (i) controls the direction in which light propagates and (ii) homogenizes light with directionality, the another micro-sculpted surface structure having been formed in a photosensitive medium having a refractive index by: (a) generating random, disordered and non-planar speckle in the photosensitive medium using coherent light, the coherent light having been diffused through a holographic diffuser, so as to define non-discontinuous and smoothly varying changes in the refractive index of the photosensitive medium, the smoothly varying changes scattering collimated light into a controlled pattern with smooth brightness variation; and (b) developing the photosensitive m

Abstract: A holographic storage media (10) is fabricated from a thin layer of photopolymer recording media. The photopolymer recording media is disposed between a substrate (48) and a capping layer (56). The media (10) is divided into a plurality of storage regions (54), which are formed within wells (52) to isolate each of the regions (54). During a record operation, a pumping operation is first performed to remove oxygen molecules from the media by bombarding the select region that is to have an interference pattern recorded therein with photons for a predetermined duration of time. Once the oxygen molecules have been depleted, then a data beam is generated with data superimposed thereon and a reference beam generated for interference with the data beam in the storage region (54). This results in the recording of an interference pattern.

Abstract: The present invention relates to color tuned holographic multicolor optical elements for use as multicolor transmission filters in liquid crystal displays and methods of making the elements. The element comprises at least first and second pixel volumes containing holographic mirrors and preferably third pixel volumes containing holographic mirrors. Each set of pixel volumes passes a different color wavelength band and reflects other color wavelength bands.

Abstract: A method for producing durable embossing tools is disclosed. An anisotropic etching process, such as ion etching, is used to etch a relief pattern into a hard substrate. A transfer layer is formed overlaying a generally smooth, seamless surface region of a substrate. A desired relief pattern is formed in the transfer layer, by exposing a photoresist, embossing, or the like. The substrate having the photoresist thereon is subjected to an anisotropic etch. The anisotropic etch continues until the transfer layer is completely removed and the relief pattern is formed in the upper surface of the embossing tool. The relative etch rates between the transfer layer and the surface region of the embossing tool are selected to provide the desired depth modulation in the surface of the embossing tool. An embossing tool produced according to the invention has a relatively hard surface and may thus be used for the mass production of holographic images without significant degradation of the pattern.

Abstract: A process for the production of a flexible laminate having an outer and visible layer which provides a holographic effect. A metal foil bearing a holographic image and a layer of plastics size is brought together with a flexible substrate having an outer layer of a plastics material which is comparable with said size. The substrate and foil are brought together with their plastics layers adjacent each other, under conditions of heat and pressure at a level and for a time sufficient to adhere the foil to the substrate but insufficient to destroy the holographic effect.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus is used for reproducing a mask pattern of a semiconductor device or the like onto a photosensitive substrate using a holography. The holography is utilized also in a process for alignment between a mask pattern hologram and an exposure region of the substrate. The pattern hologram is recorded to a recording medium by interference between an object wave from the pattern and a reference wave, and a second hologram is formed to the medium by diffraction light from an alignment mark formed on the mask. Prior to reconstruction of the pattern image, reconstruction light from the second hologram, illuminated with a reconstruction wave, is irradiated onto the substrate arranged in place of the mask. A reproduction image of the alignment mark on the substrate surface illuminated with the reconstruction light is measured, and relative displacement between the medium and the substrate is detected from a result of the measurement.

Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: A method for transferring a photopolymer hologram from a curved exposure surface to a curved application surface including the steps of forming a release layer on the exposure surface, forming a photopolymer layer on the release layer, forming a protective layer on the photopolymer layer, recording a hologram in the photopolymer layer, removing the protective layer, attaching the laminar assembly comprised of the exposure substrate, the release layer and the photopolymer layer to the curved application surface of the final substrate with an optical adhesive layer located between the photopolymer layer and the curved application surface, and removing the exposure substrate from the release layer.

Abstract: This invention involves improvements in interference film photography including the use of indium or gallium reflecting layers.

Abstract: A pyran derivative has a structure ofR.sup.2 R.sup.3 C.dbd.(C.sub.5 H.sub.2 R.sup.1 O)--(CH.dbd.CH).sub.n --C.sub.6 H.sub.2 R.sup.6 R.sup.7 --NR.sup.4 R.sup.5wherein n is 3 or 4; R.sup.1 is a proton, alkyl or phenyl group; each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently a cyano, alkoxycarbonyl having an alkyl, acyl having an alkyl, aracyl having phenyl, sulfonyl, aryl, or aryloxy; each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is an alkyl group; and each of R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 is a proton, provided that R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are alkyl groups, and a pair of R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 as well as a pair of R.sup.5 and R.sup.7 can be bonded to each other to form a heterocycle.A photosensitive composition comprises a polymerizable compound, a polymerization initiator and a photosensitizer which is the pyran derivative. A photosensitive resin composition comprises a crosslinkable polymer, a crosslinking agent and the photosensitizer.

Abstract: A high efficiency, broad bandwidth, volume holographic element for diffraction windows. This holographic element is fabricated so that it can passively track and diffract solar radiation throughout the course of a day. Such a hologram can effectively illuminate the interior of a building or room with sunlight. This invention can reduce both lighting costs and the cooling costs associated with generating artificial light.

Abstract: The method involves directing first and second separate illuminating beams towards a photosensitive film from separate fixed apparent beam source positions respectively in such a manner that the beams are caused to overlap at the point of incidence at the photosensitive film. Stationary interference fringes are generated and the beams are caused to scan in a raster type pattern over the photosensitive film in such a manner whereby overlapping of the beams is maintained throughout the exposure of the film. The apparatus in one embodiment involves the generation of a third illuminating beam which is used to control means to control an associated scanner to effect synchronised movement of the second beam with the first beam. A further embodiment involves memorising the scanning movement of beam in a memory and using the memorised scanning pattern to control the scanner to maintain beam overlap.

Abstract: Holographic films contain a copolymer binder having the following formula:(M).sub.w (VAc).sub.x (VOH).sub.y (CTFE).sub.zwherein M is a fluoromonomer; VAc is vinyl acetate; VOH is vinyl alcohol; and CTFE is chlorotrifluoroethylene; and wherein w, x, y, and z are percentages by weight; w is 5 to 22%, x is 50 to 75%, y is 3 to 8%, and z is 15 to 30% with the copolymer containing 3-35% by weight fluorine. These imaged films are particularly suited for lamination to glass in head-up display applications.

Abstract: In a nanometer order dot pattern producing method and drawing apparatus by electron holography, a nanometer order dot pattern is readily produced with a high accuracy, using a pair of biprisms or multi-biprisms integrated as a unit so as to mutually cross. Each multi-biprism includes a plurality of biprisms arranged in parallel. Electric potentials of the integrated biprisms or multi-biprisms are independently controlled.

Abstract: The optically variable image in optically variable imaging devices, such as holograms, kinegrams, pixelgrams and interference gratings, is enhanced by coating the image relief or interference pattern with a thin film of a synthesized high oxygen content oxide of bismuth wherein the atomic ratio of oxygen to bismuth is 1.7 or greater, i.e., BiO.sub.x (x=>1.7).A process for applying a thin film of the synthesized high oxygen content BiO.sub.x to the relief or interference pattern comprises reactive deposition of bismuth in an oxygen partial pressure atmosphere wherein the oxygen partial pressure and the dynamic deposition rate are correlated to achieve the desired degree of oxidation of the bismuth.The process also lends itself to dynamic deposition of other image enhancing materials, as well as protective coatings for the image enhancing materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymeric materials that exhibit an erasable photorefractive effect which can be fabricated into optical devices such as optical wave guides.

Abstract: A holographic product with sealed edges which will resist delamination before and after attachment to a substrate when exposed to moisture or abrasion resulting from ordinary usage. The holographic product comprises a transparent abrasion resistant moisture impervious plastic top layer, an adhesive bottom layer, an intermediate reflective surface or layer and a seal along the entire perimeter. The seal is preferably produced by a hot cutting tool.

Abstract: A duplicating photosensitive material film is placed into close contact with a thin flexible ND glass or an ND glass coated with a cushioning layer through an optical contacting liquid containing a surface active agent. A spacer is interposed between a hologram original plate and the duplication photosensitive material, and the space defined by the spacer is filled with an optical contacting liquid, the spacer thereby regulating the thickness of the optical contacting liquid layer. In addition, a cushioning layer is provided on the inner side of an AR coated ND glass or on the upper side of the photosensitive material film, and another cushioning layer is provided on the side of an original plate protecting glass of the hologram original plate which is closer to the optical contacting liquid or on the lower side of the photosensitive material film. With this arrangement, even if dust enters, it can be effectively held inside the cushioning layers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photosensitive composition for volume hologram recording which is used for recording an interference fringe produced by a laser beam or a light having excellent coherence, as fringes having different refractive index. The composition comprising:(a) a cationic polymerizable compound which is liquid at ambient temperature;(b) a radical polymerizable compound;(c) a radical photopolymerization initiator composition sensitized by a laser beam or a light having excellent coherence which has a specific wavelength to polymerize the ingredient (b); and(d) a cationic photopolymerization initiator composition which shows low photosensitivity to the light having a specific wavelength and is sensitized by a light having the other wavelength to polymerize the ingredient (a), wherein an average refractive index of the ingredient (a) is smaller than that of the ingredient (b). A process for producing the photosensitive composition is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a windshield having a holographic element integrated in the windshield for example a reflection hologram for reflecting optical information into the visual range of the driver, the edge region (4) of the hologram is resolved like a web. The web decreases from a high area fraction in the zone adjoining the actual hologram to a low area fraction in the zone bordering the glass area.

Abstract: A process for producing an optical data storage disc (e.g., a compact disc) carrying a digital recording and also carries a holographic image is disclosed. The holographic recording occupies an area (14) separate from the area (12) occupied by the digital recording, for example, the holographic recording may be positioned in an annular area encircling the central area occupied by the digital recording.

Abstract: The invention discloses that a photograph with a 3-dimensional image results when the non-angular reflector (of mercury) used in the Lippmann process of color photography is replaced by an angular reflector; the preferred form of the angular reflector is a retro-reflector.A photographic system is described which produces photographs with 3-dimensional images. The photo-sensitive element records the interference patterns of light waves, and the system is an improvement over the Lippmann process of color photography which produces photographs with 2-dimensional images. A photographic system is also described that produces a photograph with a 3-dimensional image from 2-dimensional cross sections of a subject; the system is useful in medical imaging. During exposure, motion of more than one wavelength of light is permissible between the subject and lens or the lens and the photo-sensitive element.These improvements result from the use of a particular type of angular reflector which is a retro-reflecting sheet.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprises (a) a polyvinylcarbazole type polymer, (b) a halogen-containing compound and (c) or least one compound selected from the group consisting of a triarylhydrazyl, a triarylcarbonium type coloring matter having at least one carbazolyl group, and a reaction product of a styryl base with a halogenated carbon. A method of preparing a volume type hologram member comprises the steps of: subjecting a photosensitive material having a photosensitive layer comprising the photosensitive resin composition to exposure using a laser beam to form an interference pattern; and subjecting the photosensitive material thus exposed to light to development processing using a solvent.

Abstract: Holographic flake pigments, processes for making the pigments, decorative coatings comprising the pigments, and articles comprising the decorative coatings are disclosed. The pigment comprises particles that (1) comprise an organic polymer and further comprise one or more volume phase holograms; and (2) have a thickness of about 1 micrometer to about 100 micrometers, an average diameter of about 10 micrometers to about 300 micrometers, and a thickness to diameter ratio of about 1:2 to about 1:60.

Abstract: In microelectronic processing, the method of producing complex, two-dimensional patterns on a photosensitive layer with dimensions in the extreme submicron range. A photosensitive layer is first exposed to two beams of coherent radiation to form an image of a first interference pattern on the surface of the layer. The layer is subsequently exposed to one or more interference pattern(s) that differ from the first interference pattern in some way, such as by varying the incident angle of the beams, the optical intensity, the periodicity, rotational orientation, translational position, by using complex amplitude or phase masks in one or both of the coherent beams, or a combination of the above. Desired regions of the complex pattern thus produced are isolated with a further exposure of the photosensitive layer using any conventional lithography.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition includes a water-insoluble olefinic compound that is polymerizable with free-radical initiators, an oil-soluble phenothiazine dye that is soluble in water-immiscible organic solvents, and a reducing agent operable to react with the dye to form reactive free radicals only when the dye is in an excited state induced by exposure to light. The reducing agent and the dye are reacted together under the influence of light, and particularly red light. The resulting reactive free radicals cause the olefinic compound to polymerize to a polymer that is substantially unaffected by the presence of moisture.

Abstract: A method for producing a phase hologram using e-beam lithography provides n-ary levels of phase and amplitude by first producing an amplitude hologram on a transparent substrate by e-beam exposure of a resist over a film of metal by exposing n.ltoreq.m.times.m spots of an array of spots for each pixel, where the spots are randomly selected in proportion to the amplitude assigned to each pixel, and then after developing and etching the metal film producing a phase hologram by e-beam lithography using a low contrast resist, such as PMMA, and n-ary levels of low doses less than approximately 200 .mu.C/cm.sup.2 and preferably in the range of 20-200 .mu.C/cm.sup.2, and aggressive development using pure acetone for an empirically determined time (about 6 sec.) controlled to within 1/10 sec. to produce partial development of each pixel in proportion to the n-ary level of dose assigned to it.

Abstract: An optical storage medium including a transparent polymer and an isomerizable AZO dye, the optical storage medium being coated as a water miscible solution on a substrate so as to form a film having a thickness of from .mu.m to 100 .mu.m storing information through birefringence and having a diffraction efficiency greater than 40% at a 1 millisecond response time. The isomerizable AZO dye remains in the film and is present in a concentration of from 4.5% to 25% based on the weight of the film.

Abstract: A reflecting master hologram is illuminated with collimated coherent beams at an incident angle to provide regular reflected beams and diffracted beams. The regular reflected beams and the diffracted beams are directed to a reflective photoresist plate at the same angles as those at which they are, respectively, reflected by the reflecting master hologram so as to form an intensity pattern, i.e. a bright and dark pattern, of interference fringes on the reflective photoresist plate. The exposed photoresist plate is developed and etched to form a reflective hologram on the plate.

Abstract: An apparatus detects a target reactant that binds to an immobilized reactant. The apparatus generates a holographic image at a predetermined location when the reactants are present and bound to one another. The immobilized reactant is bound to a support surface at selected locations. The locations are chosen such that a holographic plate is generated when the target reactant binds to the immobilized reactant. An associated method may be used to detect antibody-antigen reactions, the binding of two strands of nucleic acid, the binding of an enzyme to one of its substrates, and so on.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a molded optical channel waveguide, having a critical internal reflection angle and an exposed surface, and affixing a holographic layer, having gratings formed therein, in overlying relationship with the exposed surface of the optical waveguide. The gratings are positioned to form an angle with the surfaces of the holographic layer such that light rays incident on an upper surface of the holographic layer and substantially normal thereto are diffracted by the gratings into the optical waveguide. Also, light waves travelling within the waveguide emanate outwardly through the holographic layer. Light generators and detectors are mounted to supply light to and receive light from the holographic layer.

Abstract: Reflection holograms to be viewed through the front side of a transparent and preferably flexible substrate, and which are insensitive to moisture in liquid and in vapor form, are produced by attaching a layer of holographic recording material to the back side of a transparent substrate, attaching a layer of moisture barrier resin to the back side of the recording material in sufficient thickness to render the hologram insensitive to moisture, and attaching a layer of opaque material to the back side of the moisture barrier layer. Further protection against moisture may be achieved by attaching a solvent deposited layer of transparent moisture barrier resin to the front side of the substrate and/or attaching a layer of moisture barrier sheet to the back side of the opaque layer.

Abstract: A hologram plate manufacturing apparatus comprising a copying optical element disposed in opposed relation to a photosensitive surface of a hologram plate. The copying optical element is arranged so that its one surface facing the photosensitive surface of the hologram plate has a plane configuration and its other surface has a convex or concave configuration. On the convex or concave surface there is formed a reflection film for effectively reflecting incident light. Also included a refraction index adjusting layer which is provided between the photosensitive surface of the hologram plate and the convex or concave surface of the copying optical element, the refraction index adjusting layer having an index of refraction substantially equal to indexes of refraction of the hologram plate and the copying optical element.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical memory disc, which includes the steps of forming a volume holographic image on a recording medium by interference between an object beam (OB) of coherent light after passage through a mask and a reference beam (RB1) of coherent light, which is totally internally reflected at a surface on which the recording medium is disposed. Thereafter, the mask is replaced by the optical memory disc and formed on a photoresist or other photo-sensitive coating thereof is an image of the holographic recording using a second reference beam (RB2) replayed in the opposite direction from the first reference beam (RB1).

Abstract: A hologram decal including a hologram layer having first and second surfaces, a first polymer layer secured to the first hologram surface, a second polymer layer secured to the second hologram surface, a pressure sensitive adhesive layer disposed on the non-hologram side of one of the first and second polymer layers, and a release liner covering said pressure sensitive adhesive layer, and techniques for making the hologram decal.

Abstract: A holographic recording medium is treated to reduce or eliminate unwanted extraneous diffraction in a volume transmission hologram. Surface regions of the medium are desensitized either before or after a holographic recording to reduce the contrast of the holographic fringe pattern along the surfaces, and thereby to eliminate planar phase grating effects. Treatments include applying a burst of gas or vapor to the surface, irradiating the surfaces with highly absorbed incoherent light, thermally treating the recording medium.

Abstract: An improved process for cutting and simultaneously sealing the cut edges of holographic materials comprising cutting with a hot cutting tool. Suitable cutting tools include a steel rule die, a hot tipped cutter, and a laser. The resulting product can be attached easily to a substrate and will resist delamination even when attached to a substrate such as a textile material that will be subjected to ordinary washing and drying.

Abstract: A windshield display system for automobile includes a wavelength selective holographic combiner (12) laminated within the plies (36, 50) of an automobile windshield. A lamination process is provided to prevent degradation of the holographic combiner (12), which might otherwise occur with conventional windshield lamination processes. The holographic combiner (12) is processed in a manner that permits it to withstand the temperature and pressure extremes of the windshield lamination process. Also provided is a display system (60) for producing an image of vehicle information and the motorist's field of view as the motorist observes the real world scene.

Abstract: A method wherein a hologram is transferred from a transfer foil formed with a fine dimple pattern and having a reflecting layer, and information, e.g., an image or a character, other than information originally recorded on the hologram is added to the transferred hologram. The method comprises preparing a transfer foil having a reflection relief hologram comprising a resin layer having a fine dimple pattern, e.g., a relief hologram, a relief diffraction grating, etc., formed on the surface thereof, and a reflecting layer formed on the dimpled surface of the resin layer, transferring at least a part of the hologram to the surface of an object, and heating a part of the transferred portion with a heating device, thereby destroying the reflecting layer to record another information.

Abstract: A substantially dry method for making an optical waveguide device with at least one buried channel waveguide in a laminated and hardened matrix. The method begins with exposing to light a region of a substantially dry photohardenable film adhered to a support. Then a first substantially dry photohardenable layer which is adhered to a support is laminated to one side of the film. Then the support is removed from the film. Then a second substantially dry photohardenable layer which is adhered to a support is laminated to the other side of the film. Then the layers and film are hardened.

Abstract: A hologram exposure apparatus for and method of obtaining a hologram using a photoresist for an in-line type interferometer wherein a photoresist substrate is detachably mounted on a substrate rotating device. A concentric pattern of a hologram from a source of light is projected onto the photoresist on the substrate mounted on the substrate rotating device while rotating the substrate and moving a projecting device in a direction at right angles with the rotary shaft of the photoresist substrate.

Abstract: Multiple layers or holographic exposures and methods for preparing multiple layers of holographic exposures are described. The multiple layers of holographic exposure combine to form holographic stacks and are fabricated from layers of exposed and processed photosensitive recording films, each of which has at least one independently recorded hologram. The holographic stacks are useful for providing wide bandwidth holograms and holograms having superimposed images.

Abstract: A product and process comprising a layered hologram and diffraction grating which will resist deterioration from abrasion and moisture as a separate article of commerce or when attached to a substrate (especially fabrics). Such resistance is accomplished by sealing the edges of the layered product and thereby protecting the embossed surface that produces the hologram image or the iridescent diffraction grating pattern. When attached to a substrate by a moisture impermeable adhesive, detachment from the substrate is also inhibited. The combination of holographic art with a printed graphic is thereby perfected.

Abstract: A method for precisely controlling the overall average diffraction efficiency of a hologram including the steps of (a) providing a hologram layer that includes a hologram formed pursuant to hologram forming exposure and development, (b) coating the hologram layer with a photoresist layer, (c) masking the photoresist layer with a mask having opaque and transparent areas wherein the proportion of the opaque areas relative to the transparent areas is selected pursuant to the desired diffraction efficiency, the opaque and transparent areas being sufficiently small so as to have little noticeable effect when the resulting hologram is played back, (d) exposing the photoresist layer to actinic illumination through the mask transparent areas, (e) developing the photoresist layer to remove the photoresist in the areas illuminated by the actinic illumination to uncover the areas of the recording material corresponding to the transparent areas of the mask, (f) etching the recording material to remove the areas thereof t

Abstract: A diamondlike carbon thin film protected hologram comprises an organic film deposited on a substrate and recorded to form a hologram, and a diamondlike carbon thin film deposited on the hologram, or first and second substrates having a diamondlike carbon thin film deposited thereon and an organic film having a holographic pattern recorded therein and sandwiched between the diamondlike carbon thin films of the first and second substrates. A method of fabricating a diamondlike carbon thin film protected hologram comprises forming a layer of dichromated gelatin on a substrate, recording the dichromated gelatin to form a hologram, and depositing on the hologram a diamondlike carbon thin film at room temperature, or depositing a diamondlike carbon thin film on first and second substrates, forming a layer of dichromated gelatin on the thin film of one of the substrates, recording the layer to form a hologram, and adhering the thin film of the second substrate to the hologram.

Abstract: A system that provides a structure which makes use of a recording geometry in which no significant Seidel induced aberrations arise. The recording geometry results in a pattern recorded on a photosensitive surface, thereby creating the hologram on the scanning disc. Reconstruction of the recorded object may be made by exposing the scanning disc to substantially monochromatic light. The hologram on the scanning disc not only directs the reconstruction beam, but also focuses it. An optical element may be used during reconstruction to correct for bow and linearity, and also optimize flatness of the focal plane. Reconstruction also involves achromatization, or correction of beam placement because of mode hops or drift in laser frequency. The reconstruction comprises both pre-scan holograms and post-scan holograms. Recording of the post-scan hologram is achieved with a plurality of lenses which possess different collimating properties in the vertical and horizontal planes.

Abstract: Solid photopolymerizable compositions and photosensitive elements are provided that are useful in preparing optical elements, and especially holograms. The composition contains a polymeric binder, a liquid ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and a photoinitiator system. Typical compositions have a refractive index modulation of at least 0.005 when measured per the specified test.