Abstract: A coating liquid for an electrophotographic photoconductor intermediate layer comprising a titanium oxide and a polycarboxylic acid polymer in a solvent is provided. The content of the polycarboxylic acid polymer is 0.3 to 10 parts by weight in respect to 100 parts by weight of the titanium oxide, and an acid value of the polycarboxylic acid polymer is 30 to 400 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical component comprising a dispersion of layered minute particulate materials in a binder, the layered materials having a layer thickness, a concentration of particulate in the binder, and a basal plane spacing sufficient to provide a component having a light transmissivity of at least 50%.

Abstract: A photoconductive drum forming an image by using an electric potential characteristic of a surface thereof includes a cylindrical base body, a photosensitive layer formed on the cylindrical base body to be chargeable with electricity, and an elastic layer having a hardness of below 70 degrees by the Asker “C” scale and formed in a thickness greater than 10 &mgr;m between the cylindrical base body and the photosensitive layer. The photoconductive drum is implemented in an image forming apparatus and absorbs shocks generated when the photoconductive drum contacts a development roller, a charging roller, and a transfer roller and impacts caused by the development roller when developing devices are exchanged or replaced, to protect the cylindrical base body and the photosensitive layer thereon, thereby.

Abstract: A coating liquid for an electrophotographic photoconductor intermediate layer comprising a titanium oxide and a polycarboxylic acid polymer in a solvent is provided. The content of the polycarboxylic acid polymer is 0.3 to 10 parts by weight in respect to 100 parts by weight of the titanium oxide, and an acid value of the polycarboxylic acid polymer is 30 to 400 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography including a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer and a manufacturing method thereof. The undercoat layer contains metallic oxide fine particles and is formed by applying a coating liquid for the undercoat layer onto the conductive substrate. The coating liquid contains an organic solvent having a boiling point at 1×105Pa of about 160° C. or less and a viscosity at 20° C. of about 3.0 mPa.s or more. This improves dispersion stability of metal oxide fine particles in the coating liquid to realize a uniform undercoat layer and, in turn, provides the photoconductor with uniform electrophotographic characteristics, in particular, with uniform image characteristics and external appearance characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cylindrical resinous base-body for a photosensitive drum, and a photosensitive drum that includes the resinous base-body.

Abstract: A photoconductive drum forming an image by using an electric potential characteristic of a surface thereof includes a cylindrical base body, a photosensitive layer formed on the cylindrical base body to be chargeable with electricity, and an elastic layer having a hardness of below 70 degrees by the Asker “C” scale and formed in a thickness greater than 10 &mgr;m between the cylindrical base body and the photosensitive layer. The photoconductive drum is implemented in an image forming apparatus and absorbs shocks generated when the photoconductive drum contacts a development roller, a charging roller, and a transfer roller and impacts caused by the development roller when developing devices are exchanged or replaced, to protect the cylindrical base body and the photosensitive layer thereon, thereby.

Abstract: An imaging element comprising: a support; at least one image forming layer; and an antistat layer, wherein said antistat layer comprises: a chlorinated polyolefin and a conductive agent.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography including a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate, and a photosensitive layer provided on the undercoat layer and a manufacturing method thereof. The undercoat layer contains metallic oxide fine particles and is formed by applying a coating liquid for the undercoat layer onto the conductive substrate. The coating liquid contains an organic solvent having a boiling point at 1×105Pa of about 160° C. or less and a viscosity at 20° C. of about 3.0 mPa.s or more. This improves dispersion stability of metal oxide fine particles in the coating liquid to realize a uniform undercoat layer and, in turn, provides the photoconductor with uniform electrophotographic characteristics, in particular, with uniform image characteristics and external appearance characteristics.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotosensitive material featuring an intermediate layer interposed between a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer and containing a binder resin and a charge transport material having a molecular weight of 400 or more. The intermediate layer has a constant thickness because the intermediate layer can be formed by, for example, dip coating a coating solution containing the above two components on the conductive substrate without suffering much flow-down of the coating solution. Hence, overlaying the photosensitive layer on the intermediate layer provides an electrophotosensitive material capable of offering favorable, fog-free images.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer between the electrically conductive base body and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor an aluminum-evaporated surface and contact potential difference of said interlayer with respect to the aluminum-evaporated surface of the photoreceptor is at least +0.175 V.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor having an interlayer between the electrically conductive base body and the photosensitive layer. The electrophotographic photoreceptor an aluminum-evaporated surface and contact potential difference of said interlayer with respect to the aluminum-evaporated surface of the photoreceptor is at least +0.175 V.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and more specifically, to a photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer superimposed over a substrate. In one aspect of the invention, sequential laminations of a dispersion layer of conductive tantalum-doped tin oxide powder dispersed in a binder resin solution, are provided between the substrate layer and the photosensitive layer. Another aspect of the invention relates to a protective layer provided for the photosensitive layer. The protective layer of the most exterior surface of the photosensitive member may be a dispersion layer formed by dispersing tantalum-doped tin oxide powder in a resin solution.

Abstract: An exposure method according to the present invention includes a first step of forming on a substrate an alignment mark including a concave and convex pattern; a second step of forming a coat over said alignment mark and the other area on said substrate; a third step of flattening said coat; and a fourth step of applying a photosensitive material on said coat flattened by said third step and projecting a mask pattern thereto. The alignment mark is formed by said concave and convex pattern arranged with a pitch which is smaller than the predetermined value between adjacent convex portions having a width of not less than a predetermined value.

Abstract: An electrophotoreceptor, comprises a conductive support; a photoreceptive layer, an intermediate layer provided between the conductive support and the photoreceptive layer, the intermediate layer containing N type semi-conductive fine particles and a binder resin, wherein the N type semi-conductive fine particles are subjected to plural surface treatments, and the final surface treatment is carried out employing a reactive organic silicon compound.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member, including:

Abstract: Highly sensitive and highly durable electrophotographic photoreceptors which generate faultless images can be produced by forming the under-coating layer on the conductive support and forming the photoreceptive layer on the layer. The under-coating layer contains dendritic titanium oxide. The under-coating layer contains the dendritic titanium oxide of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s). The photoreceptive layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment, and the under-coating layer contains dendritic or needle-like titanium oxide of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s). The photoreceptive layer contains a phthalocyanine pigment, and the under-coating layer contains dendritic or needle-like titanium oxide, of which the surface is coated with (a) metal oxide(s) and/or (an) organic compound(s), and an alcohol soluble polyamide resin.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography containing an undercoating film, that remains largely unaffected by environmental factors. The photoconductor exhibits stable electrical properties and allows for thickening of the undercoating film so that dielectric breakdown is not caused even when a contact charging method is used. The photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoating film on the conductive substrate and a photosensitive film on the undercoating film. The undercoating film contains a conductive polymer, an alkaline metal salt, a binder resin and an inorganic pigment.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element which includes a support, an image forming layer superposed on the support, and an electrically conducting layer. The electrically conductive layer includes a smectite clay, a first polymeric binder which sufficiently intercalates inside or exfoliates the smectite clay and a second polymeric binder which does not sufficiently intercalate inside or exfoliate the smectite clay.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging element which includes a support and at least one image-forming layer superposed on the support. The imaging element includes at least one transparent electrically-conductive layer and a transparent magnetic recording layer overlying the transparent electrically-conductive layer. The electrically conductive layer is composed of both electrically-conductive granular metal-containing colloidal particles having an average particle diameter of less than or equal to 0.05 .mu.m and electrically-conductive acicular metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter of less than or equal to 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio greater than or equal to 5:1 dispersed in a first film-forming binder. The transparent magnetic recording layer is composed of magnetic particles dispersed in a second film-forming binder.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying method, which comprises conducting each process of at least charging, exposing to light, developing and transferring, characterized in that the photoreceptor has at least an undercoat layer and a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive substrate, wherein the undercoat layer contains a semiconductive material having a band gap of at least 2.2 eV and a binder resin, the photosensitive layer contains at least a phthalocyanine compound as a charge-generation material, and image-formation is carried out from the first revolution of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic printing plate having high sensitivity to various light sources, high surface smoothness, high water resistance and excellent printability. An electrophotographic lithographic printing plate according to the present invention comprises:a polyester film base having conductive layers on both surfaces thereof so that a surface resistance is from 0.1 to 10.sup.7 .OMEGA./.quadrature., said both surfaces being electrically communicated at an end thereof; anda layer of an electrophotosensitive material, which contains zinc oxide as a photoconductive material and a binder resin and has surface smoothness of 500 to 3000 seconds, provided on one of the surfaces of said base.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member composed of: (a) a substrate having a metal surface; (b) a metal layer having less than about 1% by weight oxygen atoms based on the weight of the metal layer, bonded to the substrate metal surface, and wherein the metal layer has a composition different from the substrate metal surface; (c) a charge blocking layer including a metal oxide over the metal layer, wherein the charge blocking layer fails to function also as a light reflection preventive layer; and (d) at least one imaging layer.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer consisting essentially of electrically-conductive fine particles, such as antimony-doped tin oxide particles and, as a binder, water-insoluble polymer particles. The use of water-insoluble polymer particles of an appropriate shear modulus as a binder in the electrically-conductive layer provides a layer with a high degree of conductivity at low concentrations of electrically-conductive fine particles.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includinga support substrate layer comprising polyethylene naphthalate substantially free of any oligomers, having a glass transition temperature of between about 100.degree. C. and about 140.degree. C., having a thickness between about 75 micrometers (3 mils) and about 125 micrometers (5 mils) and having a Young's modulus of between about 650,000 and about 1,000,000 pounds per square inch,an electrically conductive ground plane layer c including titanium,a hole blocking layer,an optional adhesive layer,a charge generation layer includingphotoconductive particles dispersed in a film forming binder, anda hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the hole transport layer.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer consisting essentially of electrically-conductive fine particles, such as antimony-doped tin oxide particles and, as a binder, water-insoluble polymer particles containing sulfonic acid groups. The use of water-insoluble polymer particles containing sulfonic acid groups as a binder in the electrically-conductive layer provides a layer with a high degree of conductivity at low concentrations of electrically-conductive fine particles.

Abstract: The present invention is a multilayer imaging element which includes a support, at least one image-forming layer, and a transparent electrically-conductive layer. The transparent electrically-conductive layer includes electronically-conductive metal antimonate colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.005 to 0.05 .mu.m and non-conductive metal-containing colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.002 to 0.05 .mu.m dispersed in a film-forming binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising an insulating support and provided thereon, a conductive layer, an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer, wherein said conductive layer has a work function W (eV), said intermediate layer has an ionization potential Ip (eV) and a relationship between the work function W (eV) and the ionization potential Ip (eV) satisfies Formula 1:Ip>W+0.5.

Abstract: Electrical components comprising a ohmic contact-providing layer and a charge transport layer wherein the ohmic contact-providing layer comprises a fluorinated carbon filled fluoropolymer.

Abstract: A method for electrophotographically forming a Braun tube's fluorescent layer coats conductive and photoconductive layers on the internal surface of a Braun tube's panel. The photoconductive layer is formed of a water soluble photoconductive liquid including a water soluble binder, allowing a part of the photoconductive layer to be selectively exposed to a visible ray. The photoresist of the above photoconductive liquid is substituted with dye, which can be processed through general exposure and solvent, allowing the fluorescent layer to be formed on a Braun tube under the same conditions as a typical Braun tube production process without darkroom processing.

Abstract: The present invention is a multilayer imaging element which includes a support, at least one image-forming layer, a transparent magnetic layer and a transparent electrically-conductive layer. The transparent magnetic layer includes magnetic particles dispersed in a film forming binder. The transparent electrically-conductive layer includes electronically-conductive metal antimonate colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.005 to 0.05 .mu.m and non- conductive metal-containing colloidal particles having a particle size of from 0.002 to 0.05 .mu.m dispersed in a film-forming binder.

Abstract: A method of making a multiactive photoconductive elements is disclosed. The method uses a knurl free planar polymeric support having beads protruding from one surface. An element comprising such supports is also disclosed.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoconductor wherein an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer are successively formed on a conductive substrate, a conductive boron polymer is used for forming the intermediate layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed which comprises an electroconductive support, a first interlayer formed on the support and containing low-resistance electroconductive particles having a specific resistance of from 10.degree. to 10.sup.4 .OMEGA.cm, a second interlayer formed on the first interlayer and containing high-resistance electroconductive particles having a specific resistance of from 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.8 .OMEGA.cm, and a photosensitive layer formed on the second interlayer. In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, in which the interlayers have an increased thickness for hiding defects present on the support and contain electroconductive particles dispersed therein, the photosensitive layer is free from the electrification performance decrease caused by charge injection thereinto and the interlayers have excellent leak-preventive properties.

Abstract: A method of making a multiactive photoconductive elements is disclosed. The method uses a knurl free planar polymeric support having beads protruding from one surface. An element comprising such supports is also disclosed.

Abstract: A photoconductor for electrophotography includes a conductive substrate and an organic undercoating layer on the conductive substrate. An organic charge generation layer is deposited on the undercoating layer, and an organic charge transport layer is deposited on the charge generation layer. The undercoating layer contains soluble polyamide resin and/or normal-butylated melamine resin as its main components. Alternately, the undercoating layer may contain resin as its main component, into which are dispersed small particles of anatase-type titanium dioxide. The surfaces of the anatase-type titanium dioxide particles may be treated with aminosilane. These undercoating layers produce a laminate-type photoconductor, which exhibits excellent electrophotographic characteristics that are stable during repeated use over long periods of time, and which vary little in a high temperature and high humidity atmosphere, as well as in a low temperature and low humidity atmosphere.

Abstract: The present invention describes an imaging element which includes a support, an image-forming layer, a transparent magnetic recording layer, and an electrically-conductive layer. The electrically-conductive layer is a dispersion in a film-forming binder of acicular, crystalline single phase, semi-conductive metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter less than 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of greater than or equal to 5:1.

Abstract: The present invention describes imaging elements which include a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer. The electrically conductive layer is a dispersion in a film-forming binder of acicular, crystalline single phase, conductive metal-containing particles having a cross-sectional diameter less than 0.02 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of greater than or equal to 5:1.

Abstract: An imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate with a coating thereover and wherein the coating is comprised of resin, electrically conductive metal oxide particles, and insulative metal oxide particles, wherein each electrically conductive particle is substantially electrically isolated and separated from any other of the electrically conductive particles by the insulative particles.

Abstract: The enclosed an electrostatographic printing apparatus including: (a) an imaging member capable of retaining a latent image, wherein the imaging member includes an imaging layer on a substrate comprised of a magnetic material with a magnetic permeability of at least 1.001; (b) charging apparatus for charging the surface of the imaging member, thereby resulting in a charged surface; (c) exposure apparatus for exposing a portion of the charged surface to radiation, thereby substantially discharging the exposed portion, wherein the substantially discharged, exposed portion corresponds to the image area of the latent image; and (d) a single component development apparatus for depositing toner particles on the substantially discharged, exposed portion of the imaging member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including an electrophotographic imaging member having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer including a uniform blend of polyarylate film forming resin and a polyester film forming resin, a charge generation layer including hydroxygallium phthalocyanine particles dispersed in a film forming resin, and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light receiving member having an outermost surface portion comprised of a non-single crystal material, characterized in that a region (a) containing at least a metal element selected from the group consisting of metal elements belonging to groups 13, 14, 15 and 16 of the periodic table and a region (b) substantially not containing said metal element are two-dimensionally distributed at said outermost surface of said light receiving layer. An electrophotographic apparatus provided with said electrophotographic light receiving member and an electrophotographic process using said electrophotographic light receiving member.

Abstract: A deposition film is formed on a substrate in a deposition space (A) by the chemical reaction between a gaseous precursor of a higher silicon halide or a higher halosilane formed in a decomposition space (B) and a separately-introduced gaseous, activated species of hydrogen, silane or a halosilane formed in a decomposition space (C).

Abstract: A photosensitive member including a transparent substrate, a transparent conductor layer formed on the transparent substrate and a photosensitive layer formed on the transparent conductor layer. An electrophotographic recording apparatus comprises the photosensitive member, voltage application means for uniformly charging electrically a surface of the photosensitive member, exposure means for effecting exposure from the back of the photosensitive member and forming an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member, development means for developing the electrostatic latent image to a toner image, and transfer means for transferring the toner image to recording paper.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor include an conductive substrate; an undercoat layer provided on the conductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer having charge-generation and charge-transport functions provided on the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a polyamide resin and methylhydrogenpolysiloxane-treated titanium dioxide and preferably styrene-maleic acid half-ester copolymer. The photoconductor can be produced by the steps of: dispersing a polyamide resin and methylhydrogenpolysiloxane-treated titanium dioxide and preferably styrene-maleic acid half-ester copolymer in a mixture solvent of an alcohol-type solvent and a halogenated hydrocarbon-type solvent, thereby preparing a coating liquid for an undercoat layer; applying the coating liquid onto a conductive substrate, thereby providing an undercoat layer on the substrate; and forming a photosensitive layer on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a hole blocking layer comprising hydrolyzed metal alkoxide or aryloxide molecules and a film forming alcohol soluble nylon polymer, an optional interface adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member having a two electrically conductive ground plane layers including a layer including zirconium over a layer including titanium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer including a polyarylate film forming resin, an intermediate layer over and in contact with the adhesive layer, the intermediate layer including a carbazole polymer, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: In an organic photoconductor for electrophotography, improved adhesiveness is realized between a substrate that contains a crosslinked polyphenylene sulfide as its main component and an organic photoconductor layer on the substrate. The substrate is cylindrical and conductive. With A denoting the thermal expansion coefficient of the substrate and B denoting the thermal expansion coefficient of the organic photoconductor layer, the improvement is realized when 1/2.gtoreq.A/B.gtoreq. 1/4.

Abstract: An electrophotographic light-receiving member comprises a conductive substrate and a light-receiving layer having a photoconductive layer and a surface layer which are successively layered on the conductive substrate, wherein;the photoconductive layer is comprised of a non-monocrystalline material mainly composed of a silicon atom and containing at least a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom;the surface layer is mainly composed of a silicon atom and contains a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom;the carbon atom in the photoconductive layer is in a non-uniform content in the layer thickness direction and in a higher content on the side of the conductive substrate and in a lower content on the side of the surface layer at every point in the layer thickness direction, and is in a content of from 0.

Abstract: A piezo-active charge retentive member, such as a photoreceptor, has a grounded electrode layer separating a photoreceptive layer and a piezo-active layer. External vibration sources become unnecessary since supplying an A.C. voltage across the piezo-active layer to the grounded electrode layer causes the piezo-active layer, and thus the entire photoreceptor, to vibrate. Vibration of the photoreceptor causes a carrier bead bouncing effect where carrier beads from the developer collide with the photoreceptor in the development area. The carrier bear bouncing effect increases the number of carrier bead-toner-photoreceptor contact events during development of the photoreceptor's latent image.