Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer, a transparent magnetic layer comprising magnetic particles dispersed in a film-forming binder and a transparent electrically-conductive layer comprising a sputter-deposited layer of a metal oxide. Use of a sputter-deposited metal oxide provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: A light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer disposed on said substrate, said light receiving layer having a stacked structure comprising a plurality of constituent layers each being composed of a non-single crystal material containing silicon atoms as a matrix and at least either hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, characterized in that said light receiving layer has a region containing at least one kind of atoms selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms at an enhanced concentration distribution in the thickness direction in the vicinity of at least one layer interface of the light receiving layer.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising electrically-conductive metal-containing particles dispersed in a binder system comprising a blend of a film-forming polymer and an anionic polymer. The combination of electrically-conductive metal-containing particles, film-forming polymer and anionic polymer provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and excellent adhesion to gelatin-containing layers, such as silver halide emulsion layers of photographic elements, in adhering contact with the electrically-conductive layer.

Abstract: A piezo-active charge retentive member, such as a photoreceptor, has a grounded electrode layer separating a photoreceptive layer and a piezo-active layer. External vibration sources become unnecessary since supplying an A.C. voltage across the piezo-active layer to the grounded electrode layer causes the piezo-active layer, and thus the entire photoreceptor, to vibrate. Vibration of the photoreceptor enhances the transfer of development powder from the photoreceptor to the transfer material, such as a sheet of paper. Vibration of the photoreceptor also improves the development of images and assists the cleaning of residual development powder from the photoreceptor surface.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic optical recording medium with high data storage density, high data rates and long data archival capabilities, useful as a medium for recording a variety of information or pictures.In a preferred embodiment, the optical recording medium according to the present invention comprises a substrate, a reflective layer, a charge-generating layer containing at least one charge-generating material, a charge-transferring layer containing at least one charge-transferring material, a recording layer containing at least one electric field-discoloring element, a plurality of spacers, an air layer and a protective layer.A laser beam is absorbed to the charge-generating material contained in the charge-generating layer, to generate charges, which are subsequently transferred to the surface of the recording layer by the charge-transferring layer.With the influence of the charge generated, the illuminated area having the charges puts on a color different from that in the other areas.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is disclosed having an imaging surface adapted to accept a negative electrical charge, the electrophotographic imaging member comprising a metal ground plane layer comprising at least 50 percent by weight zirconium, a siloxane hole blocking layer, an adhesive layer comprising a polyacrylate film forming resin, a charge generation layer comprising benzimidazole perylene particles dispersed in a film forming resin binder of poly(4,4'-diphenyl-1,1'-cyclohexane carbonate), and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer being substantially non-absorbing in the spectral region at which the charge generation layer generates and injects photogenerated holes but being capable of supporting the injection of photogenerated holes from the charge generation layer and transporting the holes through the charge transport layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is disclosed which has an electroconductive support, an interlayer, and a photosensitive layer. The interlayer contains a resin having a polyamic acid structure or a polyamic acid ester structure. A process cartridge and electrographic apparatus using the photosensitive member are also disclosed.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a dispersion in a film-forming binder of very small particles of antimony-doped tin oxide having a high antimony dopant level and a small crystallite size. Use of such particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic lithograph printing plate material having excellent anti-toner fogging property and dimensional stability has an intermediate layer formed between a front surface of a substrate and a photoconductive layer and including a mixture of a polymeric binder, a specific dispersing agent comprising a member selected from a polyisoprenesulfonic acid and carboxylic acid-modified polyisoprenesulfonic acids, and pigment particles and electroconductive whiskers uniformly dispersed in the binder by the aid of the specific dispersing agent.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes, in orders, a supporting member, and an intermediate layer and a photoconductive layer. The intermediate layer contains a powder of fine particles of tin oxide containing phosphorus.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a film-forming hydrophilic colloid having dispersed therein both electrically-conductive fine particles and pre-crosslinked gelatin particles. The combination of hydrophilic colloid, electrically-conductive fine particles and pre-crosslinked gelatin particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrostatographic imaging member comprising: (a) a supporting substrate including an electrically conductive surface; (b) at least one electrostatographic imaging layer; and (c) an electrically conductive grounding layer adjacent to the at least one imaging layer and in electrical contact with the electrically conductive surface, wherein the grounding layer is comprised of alkyl acrylamidoglycolate alkyl ether polymer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member is constituted by an electroconductive support, an intermediate layer disposed on the electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer contains a resin having a specific recurring unit containing polyamide acid structure and/or polyamide acid ester structure. The photosensitive member is effective for providing a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus respectively including the photosensitive member with an excellent photosensitivity and a stable electric potential under any environmental condition.

Abstract: An organic photosensitive member for electrophotography is provided which comprises a photosensitive layer 3 formed on an electroconductive substrate 1 via an undercoating layer 2, the photosensitive layer 3 comprising a charge generating layer 4 and a charge transporting layer 5, wherein the undercoating layer 2 consists essentially of 12/6/66 copolymeric polyamide expressed by the general formula (I) ##STR1## and a styrene/maleic acid half ester copolymer. By providing such an undercoating layer, it becomes possible to obtain a photosensitive member having excellent electrophotographic characteristics, involving minimal changes in these characteristics during repeated use, and giving a high quality image stably.

Abstract: An electrostatographic imaging member is disclosed including a supporting substrate, at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrostatographic imaging layer capable of retaining an electrostatic latent image, wherein at least one electrically conductive layer of the imaging member includes an electrically conductive polymer. The electrically conductive layer may be a conductive ground plane, a ground strip layer and/or a conductive anti-curl back coating.

Abstract: Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer comprising a film-forming hydrophilic colloid having dispersed therein both electrically-conductive metal-containing particles and water-insoluble polymer particles. The combination of hydrophilic colloid, metal-containing particles and water-insoluble polymer particles provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive medium has a photosensitive layer on an electroconductive base, the medium having at least one intermediate layer between the base and the photosensitive layer, the intermediate layer containing indium oxide - tin oxide solid solution (ITO) powder and a binder resin. An electrophotographic apparatus includes a photosensitive medium; a device for forming latent images; a device for developing formed latent images; and a device for transferring developed images to a transfer member.

Abstract: A standard whole blood composition is disclosed, which is useful as a pooled human hemostasis reference standard in blood coagulation assays including Activated Clotting Time (ACT), Whole Blood Prothrombin Time (WBPT), Whole Blood Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (WBAPTT) and Whole Blood Thrombin time (WBTT). Also disclosed are methods for determining the human standardized potency of heparin and protamine.

Abstract: A photosensitive member suitable for use in an electrophotographic apparatus is constituted by an electroconductive support, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the support. The intermediate layer comprises a reaction product of a polyol compound comprising at least one of a polyol compound [I] represented by Formula (1) shown below and a phosphated polyol compound with a polyisocyanate compound: ##STR1## wherein A denotes ##STR2## B denotes --R.sup.4 --O--, A and B may be connected at random or in blocks with each other, Z denotes an active hydrogen compound residue; R.sup.1 is an alkylene group having 1-9 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 is an alkylene group having 1-10 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is an alkyl group, alkenyl group, aryl group or aralkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms; R.sup.4 is an alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms; k is a number of 1-12 m is a number of 1-250; n is a number of 0-100; and p is a number of 0-5.

Abstract: A method and probes for specifically and sensitively detecting, identifying, and quantitating any organism category or group of organisms containing RNA in a sample is disclosed. The nucleic acids of the organisms present in the sample are brought together with a marked probe comprising nucleic acid molecules which are complementary only to nucleic acid containing sequences complementary to RNA sequences known to be conserved in an organism, category or group of organisms. The probe in sample nucleic acid mixture is incubated under nucleic acid hybridization conditions and then assayed to determine the degree of hybridization that has occurred. Hybridization indicates the presence and identity of the organism, category or group of organisms in the sample. The quantity of RNA present in the sample can be determined and compared to that normally present in the known organisms to determine the number of organisms present. Batteries of sequentially more specific probes can also be utilized.

Abstract: A piezo-active charge retentive member, such as a photoreceptor, has a grounded electrode layer separating a photoreceptive layer and a piezo-active layer. External vibration sources become unnecessary since supplying an A.C. voltage across the piezo-active layer to the grounded electrode layer causes the piezo-active layer, and thus the entire photoreceptor, to vibrate. Vibration of the photoreceptor enhances the transfer of development powder from the photoreceptor to the transfer material, such as a sheet of paper. Vibration of the photoreceptor also improves the development of images and assists the cleaning of residual development powder from the photoreceptor surface.

Abstract: The present invention provides an excellent image-holding member, comprising an electroconductive support, a resin layer formed on the support, and an interlayer provided between the support and the resin layer, said interlayer containing a reaction product of an acetal resin and an organometallic complex compound.

Abstract: Conductivizing coating solutions prepared from cuprous iodide and ligands which are pyridine or monodentate pyridine derivatives provide excellent transparent, conductive coatings for use in electrophotographic and ground plane including articles. The coating compositions may also utilize solvents which solubilize the cuprous iodide-ligand complex formed. A method of forming transparent conductivizing coating solutions is also provided.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging with Po member including a supporting substrate having an electrically conductive surface, an optional charge blocking layer, a polyester adhesive layer, a polycarbonate adhesive layer, a charge generating layer, and a charge transport layer.

Abstract: A layered electrophotographic imaging member is modified to reduce the effects of interference within the member caused by reflections from coherent light incident on a ground plane. The modification described is to form an interface layer between a blocking layer and a charge generation layer, the interface layer comprising a polymer having incorporated therein filler particles of synthetic silica or mineral particles. A preferred material is aerosil silica from 10 to 80% by weight. The filler particles scatter the light preventing reflections from the ground plane back to the light incident surface.

Abstract: A photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a photogenerating layer, and a charge transport layer comprised of a mixture of a biphenyl diamine and a polysilylene.

Abstract: An image holding member comprises an electroconductive substrate, a resin layer, and an image holding layer. The resin layer is placed between the electroconductive substrate and the image holding layer. The resin layer comprises metal-coated fine resin particles, and a binder resin.

Abstract: In the field of the photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising an electrically conductive substrate and at least one primer layer and a photosensitive layer, there is disclosed an improved member which is characterized in that the primer layer contains a copolyamide which contains as a constituent a diamine represented by a chemical formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 respectively and independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group.

Abstract: A conductive composition containing at least zinc oxide whiskers having a tetrapod structure. The conductive composition can be used to provide a conductive resin composition and a conductive coating composition, which have various uses, particularly in conductive layers, conductive supports or protective layers of electrophotographic photosensitive members.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive coating composition which comprises a colloidal dispersion of cuprous iodide particles in a binder resin solution which contains an ohmic bridging electrolyte. The preferred ohmic bridging electrolyte is potassium iodide. The colloidal dispersion also preferably exists in an aqueous system, with the binder resin being a water soluble polymer such as a polyvinyl alcohol. Upon coating a support with the dispersion, a transparent conductive coating is achieved comprised of ohmic bridged cuprous iodide particles and the binder resin. Such a coating composition can be advantageously used in the manufacture of imaging elements, and provides many advantages in the handling and manufacture of the imaging elements, as well as in the adhesive properties exhibited by the imaging elements.

Abstract: An amorphous silicon film contains not less than 30 at. % hydrogen and includes silicon atoms joined with one hydrogen atom and silicon atoms joined with two hydrogen atoms, the ratio of the silicon atoms joined with two hydrogen atoms to the silicon atoms joined with one hydrogen atom being not more than 0.4. This amorphous silicon films is produced by performing plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition at a substrate temperature of not more than 100.degree. C., while supplying hydrogen and silane in the predetermined ratio, the ratio of the flow of hydrogen to that of silane being not less than 1.

Abstract: A layered photosensitive imaging member is modified by forming a low-reflection layer on the ground plane. The low-reflection layer serves to reduce an interference fringe contrast and according to a second aspect of the invention, layer adhesion is greatly improved when selecting TiO.sub.2 as the low-reflection material. In a preferred embodiment, low-reflection materials having index of refraction greater than 2.05 were found to be most effective in suppressing the interference fringe contrast.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer formed on the electroconductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer comprising a charge generation layer and a charge transport layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer comprises a binder resin and a modified indium oxide having exothermic peaks in the range of 200.degree. to 600.degree. C. detected by the differential thermal analysis, which modified indium oxide is prepared by pretreatment with a hydroxyl-group-containing compound, an amino-group-containing compound, or an ether-group-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic sensitive member having a photosensitive layer superimposed on an aluminum substrate having an aluminum oxide layer improving the color reproducibility of specific colors' wherein the aluminum oxide layer is colored to have specific maximum absorption wavelength.

Abstract: A photosensitive member for electrophotography comprising an electroconductive substrate, and an intermediate layer and a photosensitive layer disposed in this order on the substrate; the intermediate layer comprising a resin component and a salt; the intermediate layer containing the salt in an amount of 1-800 ppm based on the weight of the resin component.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed, comprising at least a substrate having thereon a charge transporting layer and a charge generating layer, wherein the charge transporting layer is a porous anodized film which is formed by anodizing a substrate comprising an Al-Mg alloy containing from 2.2 to 5.6% by weight of magnesium and, as impurities, at least one of Mn, Cu, Fe, Si, Cr, and Zn or an Al-Mn alloy containing from 1.0 to 1.5% by weight of manganese and, as impurities, at least one of Cu, Fe, Si, and Zn. And the electrophotographic photoreceptor can be produced by a process comprising subjecting a substrate comprising an Al-Mg alloy containing from 2.2 to 5.6% by weight of magnesium and, as impurities, at least one of Mn, Cu, Fe, Si, Cr, and Zn or an Al-Mn alloy containing from 1.0 to 1.

Abstract: An electrostatographic device includes a metal halide conductive transparent layer which is free of nonuniformities. Very thin layers of metal halides are formed for imaging members by vacuum evaporation and exhibit adequate conductivity and transparency.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.An electrophotographic apparatus, comprises an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.A facsimile apparatus comprises an electrophotographic apparatus and a receiving means for receiving image information from a remote terminal, the electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer provided on an electroconductive support with interposition of an intermediate layer, the intermediate layer containing a polyether-polyurethane and an electroconductive substance.

Abstract: A device containing a substrate and an electrically conductive layer including a film forming continuous phase containing a charge transport compound and finely divided electrically conductive particles dispersed in the continuous phase. This device may be coated with at least one photoconductive layer and used in an imaging process.

Abstract: A process for preparing a device containing a continuous, semi-transparent conductive layer including providing a substrate, applying to the substrate a coating containing a dispersion of conductive particles having an average particle size less than about 1 micrometer and having an acidic or neutral outer surface in a basic solution containing a film forming polymer dissolved in a solvent, and drying the coating to remove the solvent and form the continuous, semi-transparent conductive layer. The article prepared by this process may be used in an electrophotographic imaging process.

Abstract: An electrophotographic lithographic printing plate precursor which is suitable for not only the ordinary developing methods but also the developing methods of direct electron injection system and which after developing, can readily be wound and fixed, as a lithographic printing plate, around a drum of a printing machine without any slippage after winding is provided. This precursor comprise a base of paper coated, on both surfaces thereof, with .alpha.-polyolefin laminated layers each having a volume resistivity of at most 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA. and being further provided, on one side thereof, with a photoconductive layer and on the other side thereof, with an over back layer having a surface resistivity of at most 1.times.10.sup.10 .OMEGA. and a larger friction coefficient than the .alpha.-polyolefin laminated layer.

Abstract: A layered photosensitive imaging member is modified to reduce the effects of interference within the member caused by reflections from coherent light incident on a base ground plane. The modification described is to form the ground plane of a low-reflecting material such as tin oxide or indium tin oxide. An additional feature is to add absorbing materials to the dielectric material upon which the ground plane is formed to absorb secondary reflections from the anti-curl back coating layer air interface.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic imaging device, material for various exposed layers and members is provided having metal oxide particles homogeneously dispersed therein. The metal oxide particles provide coefficient of surface contact friction reduction, increased wear resistance, durability against tensile cracking, and improved adhesion of the layers without adversely affecting the optical and electrical properties of the imaging member. The metal oxide particles are three-dimensional, highly crosslinked network structures having an average particle size of about 200 Angstroms.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a layer is interposed between the electroconductive substrate and the surface photosensitive layer or between the carrier transport layer and the carrier generation layer of the photosensitive layer, said layer being made of an Se-As alloy, Se-Te alloy, or pure Se incorporated with any of Ga, In, Zn, Au, Ag, C, Pt, Ge, Pb, and Sb to reduce the band gap. This layer increases the efficiency of hole injection from the substrate, resulting in the rapid decay of negative charging.

Abstract: An improved light receiving member for use in electrophotography having a light receiving layer provided with a charge carrier generation layer (hereinafter referred to as "CGL") and a charge carrier transport layer (hereinafter referred to as "CTL"), the CGL being formed of a non-single-crystal material composed substantially of silicon atom as the main constituent atom and at least one kind selected from hydrogen atom and halogen atom and the CTL being formed of a Non-Si(H,X) material containing carbon atom and a conductivity controlling element selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium belonging to group III of the Periodic Table or from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth belonging to group V of the Periodic Table in an uneven state in the thicknesswise direction, and optionally at least one kind selected from oxygen atom and nitrogen atom in this order from the side of a substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor which comprises an electroconductive support; an undercoat layer formed thereon comprising (i) a reaction product between an active-hydrogen-containing compound having a plurality of active hydrogens and an isocyanate-group-containing compound, which reaction product serves as a binder resin, and (ii) finely-divided particles of indium oxide dispersed in the reaction product; and a photo-sensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer. The indium oxide may be partly replaced by metal oxide, metal fluoride, metal nitride, metal carbide or metal boride in an amount of not more than 50 wt. %.

Abstract: A membrane for use in an X-ray mask composed of a compound comprising at least three kinds of elements of boron (B), silicon (Si) and nitrogen (N) in which the content of silicon in the compound is at least 15 atomic percent, but less than 100 atomic percent, and the atomic ratio of Si/(B+Si) in the compound is at least 0.2, but less than one. The membrane is synthesized from source gases including at least the foregoing three kinds of elements by chemical reaction under such conditions that the ratio of nitrogen to boron plus silicon is at least one in the source gases and thereby depositing a film of the compound onto a substrate. Since the membrane thus prepared has a high transmittance in the visible region and X-ray and their residual stress can be readily controlled by adjusting the conditions for the formation of the membrane, it is suitable for the preparation of X-ray masks.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer is in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive support, an undercoat layer formed on the electroconductive support, comprising at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide and lanthanum oxide, and a photoconductive layer comprising a charge generating layer and a charge transporting layer, formed on the undercoat layer.

Abstract: A light receiving member for electrophotography made up of an aluminum support and a multilayered light receiving layer exhibiting photoconductivity formed on the aluminum support, wherein the multilayered light receiving layer consists of a lower layer in contact with the support and an upper layer, the lower layer being made of an inorganic material containing at least aluminum atom (Al), silicon atoms (Si) and hydrogen atoms (H), and having portion in which the aluminum atoms (Al), silicon atoms (Si), and hydrogen atoms (H) are unevenly distributed across the layer thickness, the upper layer being made of a non-single-crystal material composed of silicon atoms (Si) as the matrix and at least either of hydrogen atoms (H) or halogen atoms (X) and containing at least one of carbon atoms, nitrogen atoms (N) and oxygen atoms (O) in the layer region in adjacent with the lower layer.