Abstract: Disclosed is an electrographic imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate; and in contact therewith components comprised of regions of a photogenerating substance dispersed in a charge transporting material comprised of plasma deposited silicon oxide with at least 50 atomic percent of oxygen.

Abstract: A negatively charged photoconductive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate; an electron polysilylene transporting layer; a metal oxide layer; and thereover a photogenerating layer comprised of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

Abstract: A method for specifically and sensitively detecting, identifying, and quantitating any non-viral organism, category or group of organisms containing ribosomal RNA in a sample is disclosed. The nucleic acids of the organisms present in the sample are brought together with a marked probe comprising nucleic acid molecules which are complementary only to ribosomal RNA subsequences known to be conserved in an organism, category or group or organisms. The probe and sample nucleic acid mixture is incubated under nucleic acid hybridization conditions and then assayed to determine the degree of hybridization that has occurred. Hybridization indicates the presence and identity of the organism, category or group or organisms in the sample. The quantity of ribosomal RNA present in the sample can be determined and compared to that normally present in the known organisms to determine the number of organisms present. Batteries of sequentially more specific probes can also be utilized.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member comprising a substrate and a light receiving layer formed by laminating a first layer having photoconductivity which is constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and germanium atoms, and a second layer constituted with an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity. The germanium atoms contained in the first layer is in the state of being unevenly distributed in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region adjacent to the substrate. The first layer may contain one or more kinds selected from an element for controlling the conductivity, oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms in the entire layer region or in the partial layer region.

Abstract: In a photographic element amenable to heat development or mobile dye heat transfer, an electroconductive layer is formed from a composition containing an electroconductive substance, typically carbon black, a hydrophilic binder, typically gelatin, and a water-insoluble compound having a melting point of up to 120.degree. C. and a boiling point of at least 175.degree. C., for example, trinonyl phosphate, such that the conductive layer undergoes a minimized change in electric resistance when folded.

Abstract: In a photographic element amenable to heat development or mobile dye heat transfer, an electroconductive layer is formed from a composition containing an electroconductive substance, typically carbon black and a high molecular weight compound having a glass transition temperature of not higher than 40.degree. C. at a relative humidity of 20% or a melting point of not higher than 180.degree. C., for example, polyethylene glycol, such that the conductive layer undergoes a minimized change in electric resistance when folded.

Abstract: This invention relates to a repeatedly usable photosensitive material for electrophotography, comprising an electroconductive substrate, a photosensitive layer and an intermediate layer located between said electroconductive substrate and said photosensitive layer, characterized in that said intermediate layer comprises an electroconductive polymer and an inorganic white pigment.

Abstract: An imaging member in accordance with claim 1 wherein the oxygenated polysilylene is of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.6, R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl, and alkoxy; m is from 0 to 0.98 mole percent; n is from 0 to 0.98 mole percent; p is from 0 to 0.98 mole percent; q is from 0.02 to 0.12 mole percent subject to the provisions that the sum of m+n+p is less than or equal to 0.98; and the sum of m+n+p+q is equal to 1.

Abstract: An electrode for use with an electrophotographic photoconductor comprising a non-aluminum metal layer and an aluminum layer which are successively formed on a substrate, thereby constituting a double-layered electrode, and an electrophotographic photoconductor including the double layered electrode are disclosed.

Abstract: An endless belt shaped electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed, which comprises an electroconductive support material, a photoconductive layer formed thereon, a joint portion by which the electrophotographic photoconductor is worked into the shape of an endless belt, and a grounding electrode which is electrically connected to the electroconductive support material, the joint portion comprising an electroconductive overcoating layer by which the photoconductive layer in the joint portion is covered, the electroconductive overcoating layer comprising a polymeric material having a glass transition of -10.degree. C. or lower and finely-divided electroconductive particles, or the joint portion further comprising a joint reinforcement resin layer which is formed so as to be inserted between the electroconductive overcoating layer and the photoconductive layer in the joint portion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor is disclosed which comprises a substantially transparent substrate, an electroconductive layer formed thereon, comprising an alloy selected from the group consisting of a Ni-based heat resistant alloy, a Fe-based heat resistant alloy and a Co-based heat resistant alloy, and a photoconductive layer formed on the electroconductive layer.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a photosensitive member with an amorphous silicon photoconductive layer. On the photoconductive layer, an insulating layer including amorphous silicon, carbon and oxygen is formed. The amount of carbon is 5 to 65 atomic % and less than 10 atomic % for oxygen if both carbon and oxygen are included uniformly throughout the layer. An amorphous silicon barrier layer containing either oxygen and boron or oxygen and carbon may be formed between the substrate and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: There is provided an improved light receiving member for use in electrophotography comprising a substrate for electrophotography and a light receiving layer constituted by a charge injection inhibition layer, a photoconductive layer and a surface layer, the charge injection inhibition layer being formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and an element for controlling the conductivity, the photoconductive layer being formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as the main constituent atoms and at least one kind selected from hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms and the surface layer being formed of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms, carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms, and the amount of the hydrogen atoms contained in the surface layer being in the range from 41 to 70 atomic %.

Abstract: A light-receiving member comprises a substrate having a large number of protruding portions on a surface thereof, each of said protruding portions having at a predetermined cut position a sectional shape comprising a main projection and a subprojection, the main projection and the subprojection overlapping each other, and a light-receiving layer of a multi-layer structure having a first layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and germanium atoms, a second layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and exhibiting photoconductivity and a surface layer having reflection preventive function provided on the substrate successively from the substrate side.

Abstract: Provided is a conductive sheet comprising an organic polymer sheet (A) and a conductive layer, wherein said conductive layer comprises at least one thin metal oxide layer (B) having a thickness within the range of 5 to 1000 .ANG. and at least one metal layer (C) consisting mainly of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, and Ir, and wherein the surface resistivity of said conductive layer is within the range of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.9 ohm per square.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member which comprises on a conductive substrate a first layer of amorphous silicon: germanium; a second layer of amorphous silicon with a rectifying property and a third layer of amorphous silicon. Using this photosensitive member, an image is formed by charging, exposing to a light of short wavelength, exposing to an optical image of long wavelength to form a latent image and developing the latent image. This latent image can be repeatedly used to form a plurality of copies.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a ground plane of hydrogenated amorphous silicon having incorporated therein dopants; and a photoconductive layer comprised of hydrogenated amorphous silicon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photosensitive member containing an a-Si:Ge layer with an a-Si intermediate layer.A photosensitive member containing a-Si:Ge has an excellent sensitivity to long wave light so that it is suitable for an electrophotographic system equipped with laser beam printer. However, the sensitivity of the member had not been improved because of their weak dark resistance and lower mobility of carrier in general.In the present invention, it is provided a photosensitive member having a-Si:Ge layer excellent in the sensitivity to long wave length by controlling the balance between the Ge content and the thickness of the a-Si:Ge layer and the concentration of oxygen or oxygen and carbon in the electroconductive layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive device including a conductive substrate, a photoconductive layer of amorphous silicon containing at least hydrogen and a surface protection layer applied on the photoconductive layer a dopant is added in the photoconductive layer at least near the interface with the surface protection layer, and the concentration of the dopant increases in the direction perpendicular to the interface. The surface protection layer has an optical energy gap larger than that of the photoconductive layer.A further photoconductive device comprising a conductive substrate; a photoconductive layer of amorphous silicon applied on the conductive substrate and a surface protection layer of amorphous silicon applied on said photoconductive layer wherein the surface protection layer contains oxygen, and is doped with a IIIb element.

Abstract: An image-forming member for electrophotography comprises a photoconductive layer including as constituting layers, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer and an amorphous inorganic semiconductor layer. The amorphous inorganic semiconductor layer is laminated on the hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer to thereby provide a heterojunction.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having at least a substrate, a photosensitive layer, and an intermediate layer therebetween, characterized in that the intermediate layer is a hardened coating film formed from a liquid dispersion comprising(a) an electro-conductive powder and(b) a composition which contains either a resin or an oligomer and a crosslinking agent and is liquid at ordinary temperature in the absence of solvent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polysilylene hole transporting compound for use in layered imaging members comprised of ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1,R.sub. 2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, substituted aryl, and alkoxy; and n, m, and p are numbers that represent the percentage of the monomer unit in the total polymer compound.

Abstract: An improved layered photoresponsive imaging member comprised of a supporting substrate, a photogenerating layer, and an electron transporting layer comprised of an inorganic photoconductive composition chemically modified to enable enhancement of the electron transport properties thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic plate-making material comprising a support with a volume resistance of 10.sup.10 .OMEGA. or less which support comprises at least one resin layer hardened by electron beam irradiation and a base paper, which support has a photoconductive layer on the resin layer.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photosensitive layer having a laminated structure of charge generation and charge transport layers on a conductive substrate is characterized in that the charge generation layer contains a copper phthalocyanine pigment and the charge transport layer contains a hydrazone compound and a binder.A process for forming electrostatic latent images comprises the steps of (1) giving electric charge to the face of an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising a photosensitive layer having a laminated structure on a conductive substrate, said laminated structure consisting of a charge generation layer containing copper phthalocyanine and a charge transport layer containing a hydrazone compound and a binder and (2) scanning the charged face with a laser beam.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a substrate for photoconductive member and a light receiving layer provided on said substrate having a layer constitution in which a first layer region (G) comprising an amorphous material containing germanium atoms and a second layer region (S) exhibiting photoconductivity comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms are successively provided from the substrate side, said light receiving layer containing nitrogen atoms together with a substance for controlling conductivity (C) in a distributed state such that, in said light receiving layer, the maximum value C(PN).sub.max of the content of said substance (C) in the layer thickness direction exists within said second layer region (S) or at the interface between said first and second layer region and, in said second layer region (S), said substance (C) is distributed in greater amount on the side of said substrate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is described comprising a substrate, a layer comprising an amorphous hole injecting material selected from the group consisting of halogen doped selenium, gold, silver, platinum and carbon black, the halogen doped selenium consisting essentially of selenium and between about 200 parts per million and about 2,000 parts per million by weight halogen, and at least one thermal hole generating selenium alloy photoconductive layer. This electrophotographic imaging member may contain other layers such as a hole transport layer, a layer between the hole transport layer and thermal hole generating selenium alloy photoconductive layer, and a thin protective overcoating layer suitable for Carlson type imaging processes. An electrophotographic imaging process employing this electrophotographic imaging member is also described.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a substrate and a photosensitive layer, and an electroconductive layer containing an electroconductive material, a binder and a leveling agent is provided between the substrate and the photosensitive layer. The silicone compound leveling agent improves the interfaces between the electroconductive layer and both the substrate and photosensitive layer.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support and a light receiving layer comprising a first layer region comprising at least germanium atoms and being crystallized at least a portion thereof, a second region comprising an amorphous material comprising at least both of silicon atoms and germanium atoms and a third layer region comprising an amorphous material comprising at least silicon atoms, and exhibiting photoconductivity said layer regions being provided successively in this order from the said support side.

Abstract: A multi-layered photoconductive material which comprises first layers containing at least one VIb chalcogen element chosen from S, Se and Te and second layers containing at least one IIb element chosen from Zn, Cd and Hg and acting as electric potential barriers, said first layers and said second layers being alternatively arranged and the total number of said first layers and said second layers being not less than 5 and has a high response speed and an excellent sensitivity to long wavelength light with a great dark resistance.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member is described comprising a substrate, a charge transport layer, a thin continuous interface layer consisting essentially of halogen doped selenium, and at least one selenium-tellurium alloy photoconductive charge generating layer. This electrophotographic imaging member may contain other layers such as a thin protective overcoating layer suitable for Carlson type imaging processes. An electrophotographic imaging process employing this electrophotographic imaging member is also described.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive device including a conductive layer, a selenium based photoconductive layer and a transparent insulating layer which are sequentially laminated, the conductive layer is formed of an aluminum substrate conductive layer, a zinc conductive layer a copper conductive layer, and silver conductive layer which are sequentially laminated to each other. As a result of this structure, the charge injection characteristic of the photosensitive device during primary charging is improved, and the charge injection preventing characteristic during the simultaneous secondary charging and image exposure steps is sufficiently maintained. The conductive layers contact each other intimately. The electrophotographic photosensitive device is highly humidity durable and exhibits a long life and can obtain high electrostatic contrast.

Abstract: In an electrophotographic photosensitive device including a conductive layer, a selenium based photoconductive layer and a transparent insulating layer which are sequentially laminated, the conductive layer is formed by an aluminum substrate conductive layer, a zinc conductive layer (or a zinc conductive layer and a copper conductive layer), and a nickel conductive layer which are sequentially laminated to each other. As a result of this structure, the charge injection characteristic during the primary charging step is improved, and the charge injection preventing characteristic during the simultaneous secondary charging and image exposure steps is sufficiently maintained. The conductive layers contact each other intimately. The electrophotographic photosensitive device exhibits a high humidity durability and a long life and can obtain high electrostatic contrast.

Abstract: A photoconductive member is provided, which comprises a support for photoconductive member and a light receiving layer with a layer constitution, comprising a first layer region containing at least germanium atoms of which at least a portion is crystallized, a second region comprising an amorphous material containing at least silicon atoms and germanium atoms, a third layer region comprising an amorphous material containing at least silicon atoms and exhibiting photoconductivity, and a fourth layer region comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms, provided successively in the order mentioned from the said support side.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support for photoconductive member, an interface layer constituted of an amorphous material containing at least silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms as constituent atoms, a rectifying layer comprising an amorphous material containing atoms (A) belonging to the group III or the group V of the periodic table as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms and an amorphous layer exhibiting photoconductivity constituted of an amorphous material containing at least one of hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms, said rectifying layer having a layer thickness t which from 30 .ANG. up to, but not reaching, 0.3.mu. and the content C(A) of the aforesaid atoms contained in the rectifying layer being 30 atomic ppm or more, or said t being 30 .ANG. or more and said C(A) being from 30 atomic ppm up to, but not reaching, 100 atomic ppm.

Abstract: An electrophotographic plate-making material comprising a paper support and a photoconductive layer is described. This paper support is prepared by providing a polyolefin resin layer on both surfaces of a paper substrate by molten extrusion lamination, and is characterized in that the volume electric resistance is not more than 10.sup.10 .OMEGA. and the polyolefin resin layer contains electrically conductive carbon black having a loss on drying, as determined under the conditions of 110.degree. C. and 2 hours, of not more than 1.0%. Using this plate-making material, there can be produced a lithographic printing plate having good dimensional stability and long press life.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member provided with a novel intermediate layer between the substrate and the photosensitive layer. This intermediate layer is a resin layer in which an alumina- or tin oxide-treated titanium oxide powder is dispersed. The thickness of this intermediate layer is the second power or more of the maximum surface roughness of the substrate when the length is denoted in terms of a micron as a unit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing a selenium type electrophotographic element comprising the steps of processing the surface of an electrically conductive substrate which has a metal surface by vibrating and sliding a grindstone until a predetermined surface-roughness is obtained and thereafter vapordepositing thereon selenium, selenium alloy or selenium compound in a usual manner.

Abstract: The recording material comprises a metallic base, for example, of aluminum, a twenty to sixty .mu.m thick layer of selenium with a content of tellurium ranging between 5 and 30 percent by wt. and a layer of selenium having a thickness ranging between 0.5 and 3 .mu.m arranged thereon containing 0.5 to 5 percent by wt. of arsenic. Instead of the layer of selenium containing arsenic, there may also be provided a layer of arsenic-triselenside. Preferably, the content of tellurium in the selenium layer containing tellurium, increases either step-by-step or continuously from the metallic base up to the layer of selenium containing arsenic. The electrophotographic recording material has a sensitivity within the region from 600 to 850 nanometers, the surface is stabilized against corona effects, and the material has a good residual potential behavior.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for lithographic printing comprising a photosensitive layer, an aluminum foil and a paper base in that order. An intermediate layer containing colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina is formed between the photosensitive layer and the aluminum foil. The material has good stability and can produce a large number of high quality printed copies.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support for a photoconductive member, an interface layer comprising an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms as constituent atoms, a rectifying layer comprising an amorphous material containing atoms (A) belonging to the group III or the group V of the periodic table as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms, a first amorphous layer exhibiting photoconductivity and comprising an amorphous material containing at least one member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms, and a second amorphous layer containing an amorphous material represented by any of the formulas:Si.sub.a C.sub.1-a (0.4<a<1) . . . (1)(Si.sub.b C.sub.1-b).sub.c H.sub.1-c (0.5<b<1, 0.6 .ltoreq.c<1) . . . (2)(Si.sub.d C.sub.1-d).sub.e X.sub.1-e (0.47<d<1, 0.8.ltoreq.e<1) . . . (3)(Si.sub.f C.sub.1-f).sub.g (H+X).sub.1-g (0.47<f<1, 0.8.ltoreq.g<1) . . .

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support for photoconductive member, an interface layer comprising an amorphous material represented by any of the formulas:Si.sub.a N.sub.1-a (0.57<a<1) (1)(Si.sub.b N.sub.1-b).sub.c H.sub.1-c (0.6<b<1, 0.65.ltoreq.c<1) (2)(Si.sub.d N.sub.1-d).sub.e (X, H).sub.1-e (0.6<d<1, 0.8.ltoreq.e<1) (3)(wherein X represents a halogen atom),a rectifying layer comprising an amorphous material containing atoms (A) belonging to the group III or the group V of the periodic table as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms, and an amorphous layer exhibiting photoconductivity comprising an amorphous material containing at least one of hydrogen atoms and halogen atoms as constituent atoms in a matrix of silicon atoms.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic process comprises applying voltage between a non-transparent electrode and a color filter electrode of an electrophotographic photosensitive member comprising isolated conductive members forming picture elements, a photoconductive layer, non-transparent electrodes and color filter electrodes, conducting imagewise exposure from the side where color filter electrodes are arranged, resulting in formation of a difference in distribution voltage between the area wherein light passes through the color filter electrode and the area wherein light does not pass through the color filter electrode with regard to the voltage distribution between the non-transparent electrode and the isolated conductive member and between the color filter electrode and the isolated conductive member, thereby forming a voltage image depending upon the change of the voltage of the isolated conductive member caused corresponding to a difference in distribution voltage, and developing said voltage image with a colo

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming member having on a substrate a photoconductive layer constructed by laminating a crystalline silicon layer and an amorphous silicon layer.

Abstract: An electrically-conductive support for an electrophotographic medium, comprising a support and an electrically-conductive layer provided on the support is disclosed. The electrically-conductive layer comprises a binder and electrically-conductive metal oxide fine particles having an average grain size of 0.5.mu. or less, dispersed in the binder.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support, a photoconductive layer constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as matrix and containing hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, and an intermediate layer provided between them, said intermediate layer having a function to bar penetration of carriers from the side of the support into the photoconductive layer and to permit passage from the photoconductive layer to the support of photocarriers generated in the photoconductive layer by projection of electromagnetic waves and movement of the photocarriers toward the side of the support, and said intermediate layer being constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and oxygen atoms as constituents.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprises a support, a photoconductive layer constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as matrix and containing hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, and an intermediate layer provided between them, said intermediate layer having a function to bar penetration of carriers from the side of the support into the photoconductive layer and to permit passage from the photoconductive layer to the support of photocarriers generated in the photoconductive layer by projection of electromagnetic waves and movement of the photocarriers toward the side of the support, and said intermediate layer being constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms a constituents.

Abstract: A photoconductive member comprise a support, a photoconductive layer constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms as matrix and containing hydrogen atoms or halogen atoms, and an intermediate layer provided between them, said intermediate layer having a function to bar penetration of carriers from the side of the support into the photoconductive layer and to permit passage from the photoconductive layer to the support of photocarriers generated in the photoconductive layer by projection of electromagnetic waves and movement of the photocarriers toward the side of the support, and said intermediate layer being constituted of an amorphous material containing silicon atoms and carbon atoms as constituents.

Abstract: A charge carrier member comprising an intermediate layer composed of a heat-resistant resin containing electrically conductive material, a charge carrier layer composed of a heat-resistant resin, and a support member. The support member is an electrically conductive support member or consists of an electrically conductive member which is provided on an insulating member. A method of forming a copy image which comprises a step for forming an electrostatic latent image on the charge carrier member, a step for converting the electrostatic latent image into a toner image using a developing agent, and a step for transferring the toner image onto a transfer medium.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method for color image formation, wherein use is made of an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a multitude of isolated electrically conductive members for forming image elements, a photoconductive layer, and a multitude of sets of electrodes for determining an electric potential of the isolated electrically conductive members in correspondence to a color image original, each set of electrodes comprising a non-transparent electrode, a transparent electrode, and color filter electrodes, and wherein a voltage is applied across the electrodes followed by development.