Abstract: Provided are a burner and a water heater. The burner comprises multiple flame splitters, and each of the flame splitters is provided with at least three ejector pipes, and the multiple flame splitters are arranged parallel to one another; a fastener penetrates through the multiple flame splitters and connects the multiple flame splitters into a flame row; and compressing members are arranged at end parts where the fastener extends relative to the flame row, and the compressing members compress the flame row. The burner is integrally installed, easy to operate and firmly fixed, the combustion intensity can also be increased, the emission of nitrogen oxides is reduced, and the safety of use is ensured.

Abstract: [Problems] A flat burner elongated in the longitudinal direction has, at an upper end thereof, a main burner port (63) and a flame retention port (64) positioned at least on laterally one side of the main burner port (63). The flat burner uses hydrogen-containing fuel as a fuel. Flash back is prevented at the flame retention port in which the gas ejection speed becomes relatively small. [Solving Means] A lean fuel-air mixture which is leaner in fuel concentration than a theoretical fuel-air ratio is ejected from the main burner port (63) and a gas containing only fuel is ejected from the flame retention port (64). In addition, the height, on the side of the main burner port (63), of the upper end of the flame retention port (64), is made lower than the height of the upper end of the main burner port (63).

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an exhaust gas recirculation mixer. In one example, a mixer may include a separate chambers configured to receive exhaust gas and intake gas, and where the exhaust gas and intake gas merge in an outlet of the mixer. The outlet of the mixer is located at an intersection of upstream and downstream surfaces of the mixer.

Abstract: The system is provided for generating a mixed methane gas feed stream using at least one source of biogas and an alternate source of methane gas. The system includes a biogas subsystem, a control device for the methane gas from the at least one alternate source of methane gas, and a vertically-extending gas mixing vessel. A method of controlling a methane gas mass flow rate of a mixed methane gas feed stream is also disclosed. The proposed concept is particularly well adapted for situations where an uninterrupted and relatively constant input of methane gas is required to ensure an optimum operation of, for instance, a LMG production plant.

Abstract: The relevant regulations in the field of automated flame-cutting technology stipulate various safety devices for the process-gas supply of a cutting torch. The invention relates to the simplified installation and maintenance of the safety devices and to a compact structure thereof. Proposed is a multi-functional safety module, in the module body of which there are integrated a first and a second safety element to prevent flame- or gas-blowout, and in which there is provided a mechanical plug-type connection for establishing a gas-tight connection between the safety elements and the corresponding gas lines of the cutting torch.

Abstract: A gas cutting tip includes a flow path connector coupled to an outlet of a cutter head; an oxygen nozzle coupled to a center of a lower end of the flow path connector; a gas nozzle, wherein a first front end part of the oxygen nozzle protrudes to the outside farther than a second front end part thereof, a semispherical recess is formed inside the second front end part, a waterproof protrusion is formed at an upper end of the gas nozzle, a waterproof groove is formed at a lower end of the flow path connector, a first screw part is formed along an upper periphery of the flow path connector, a coupling nut is coupled to the first screw part, an insertion groove is formed at a center of an upper surface of the coupling nut, and a sealing pad is inserted into the insertion groove.

Abstract: A gas burner 10 intended to point downwardly in use. The gas burner comprises a flame strip 24 in the form of a sheet material with a plurality of openings 38 therein to define ports for combustion gas. The outer side of the flame strip 24 provides a combustion surface in use. The gas burner also comprises a body member 22 with an inlet 18 thereinto for combustion gas. The body member 22 and flame strip 24 together define a combustion chamber 50, with a space between the flame strip 24 and an outer wall 32 of the body member. The body member 22 and/or flame strip 24 are profiled such that said space varies across the chamber 50 to provide a required flow of combustion gas across the chamber 50.

Abstract: A system for performing exothermic operations or oxygen delivery uses a rod and handle configuration to create a flowpath of oxygen. The rod includes cables having stainless steel fibers that burn using the oxygen within a hollow center area. While burning, the rod cuts through material. A sheath covers the covers to contain the gases and prevent unraveling of the cables. The handle attaches to the rod and provides control of the flow of oxygen to the rod. A manifold fixing in place bottles of oxygen connects to the handle and can be fixed to provide different mixtures from different bottles. The rod is disconnected when needed to fix a mask thereto for delivering breathable oxygen to a patient.

Abstract: According to one aspect, an apparatus includes a separator vessel adapted to separate solid and liquid materials from gas materials; a flame arrestor in fluid communication with the separator vessel and through which the gas materials are adapted to flow; and a flare stack adapted to burn off the gas materials. The flare stack includes a vent pipe and an igniter. In another aspect, a system at a wellsite includes one or more separators adapted to be in fluid communication with a wellbore; one or more vent gas lines in fluid communication with the one or more separators; and an integrated vent gas separator and flare stack. In an exemplary embodiment, the one or more separators comprise at least one of a mud-gas separator and a shale-gas separator. In yet another aspect, a kit has first and second configurations. In still yet another aspect, a method is provided.

Abstract: A tubular burner has: a mixing tube inclusive of an inlet port, a venturi section, and a tapered tube section; and a flame hole member having a plurality of flame holes and being adapted to be fitted into a front end region of the mixing tube. A flame hole member has a front plate and a rear plate, both of sheet metal make. The front plate has a first flame hole in the central portion of the front plate, and a plurality of second flame holes located around a periphery of the first flame hole. The rear plate has a first ventilation hole in the center thereof so as to lie opposite to the first flame hole, and a plurality of second ventilation holes of smaller diameter than the first ventilation hole.

Abstract: An apparatus and system disclosed herein provides detonation wave arrestor including a detonation wave deflector and a burst element. The detonation wave arrestor disclosed herein attenuates and defects the propagation of a detonation wave characterized by a supersonic flame front propagation. The detonation wave arrestor provides deflection of detonation wave towards the burst element. The rupture of the burst element provides venting of hot gases remaining from the detonation, thus providing separation and attenuation of combusted gas residuals. The detonation wave arrestor disclosed herein may be used in a combustible fuel delivery system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flashback protector (1) for limiting the propagation of a flame towards a fuel supply. The flashback protector comprises a downstream side (34) and an upstream side (32) defining a flow path between them. A magnetic-field generator (10, 20) is arranged to generate a magnetic field (40) across the flow path such that when a flashback occurs fluid flows in the flow path towards the fuel supply through the magnetic field (40). This causes a flow of current (50) to be induced in the fluid. This results in a force being generated on the fluid away from the fuel supply, preventing the flashback from reaching the fuel supply and causing an explosion.

Abstract: In a flame arrester arrangement having a housing (1) for holding at least two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) having a large number of axial passage gaps dimensioned for a combustible gas, and having an intermediate layer (7) arranged between two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?), which permits a radial distribution of the gas flow emerging from one flame arrester insert (6, 6?) and entering an adjacent downstream flame arrester insert (6, 6?), the ability of the flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) to be easily assembled and disassembled for servicing purposes without restricting the functional integrity can be achieved by at least one separate closed seal (11, 11?, 15, 17, 17?, 20) being arranged between a flame arrester insert (6, 6?) and the housing (1) or between two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) in such a way that a flow around the flame arrester insert (6, 6?) in a space (12) located radially outside the passage gaps is prevented.

Abstract: A radiant wall burner apparatus. The apparatus includes an inlet and primary fuel tip for introduction of fuel gas and air mixing in a mixing chamber. The fuel and air mixture are subject to a substantially uniform flow area from the point of discharge from a downstream portion of the mixing chamber up to the exit gap of the burner tip. The fuel gas and combustion air mixture terminate through the burner tip at a substantially uniform velocity. The radiant wall burner apparatus and burner tip allow for the substantially uniform velocity of the fuel gas and air mixture, reducing the potential for flashback of the burner tip.

Abstract: A flashback arrestor for use in gas cutting or welding equipment includes a porous body which defines a proximal end portion and a distal end portion and which has a plurality of pores. Each of the pores defines a pore size. The pore size is a function of a detonation cell size such that the pore size is increased to reduce a size of the sintered body.

Abstract: A burner arrangement includes a tubular mixing tube extending along an axis and configured to mix fuel and air, the mixing tube opening into a combustion chamber in a direction of flow; and a film air ring disposed in the mixing tube and arranged concentrically to the axis, the film air ring configured to prevent a backfiring of the fuel disposed in the mixing tube and to generate or reinforce an air film near the wall, wherein the film air ring has at least one annular gap concentric to the axis and configured to inject air.

Abstract: A head-mountable flashback arrestor for a gas torch having body, head, and tip sections. The head-mountable flashback arrestor may be disposed in a variety of gas torches, such as cutting torches, welding torches, heating torches, and so forth. The flashback arrestor also may embody a variety of filtering mechanisms, such as a porous metal structure. For example, the porous metal structure may be sintered from a metal particulate, such as a stainless steel powder, to form a non-linear or random flow pattern.

Abstract: A gas torch is provided that includes an auto-ignition system disposed within the gas torch, a preheat oxygen conduit array extending through the gas torch, a fuel gas conduit array extending through the gas torch, and a cutting oxygen conduit array extending through the gas torch. At least one safety device is disposed within the gas torch, such as check valves and flashback arrestors, by way of example. The gas torch also includes a cutting oxygen trigger and an ignition trigger operable to start preheat gas flow and to ignite the gas torch. The ignition trigger is configured for automatic disengagement of the auto-ignition system when the ignition trigger is released.

Abstract: The invention provides a flame trap cartridge 154 for use in a flame arrestor 50, the flame trap cartridge comprising a casing 160, and a foam component 170 having two opposite ends and at least one side edge, wherein the foam component is at least partially encased around at least one side edge by the casing. The invention also provides a flame arrestor, a method of preventing flame propagation into a fuel tanks and a method of operating an aircraft.

Abstract: A detonation flame arrestor including an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, transition point/attenuation matrix and tortuous path media. The inner cylinder is secured to a canister flange and positioned inside the outer cylinder secured to the canister flange, altogether forming a canister. The torturous path media is positioned in the canister between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder to to provide turbulence and a large surface area which acts as a heat sink to extinguish a flame. Both the outer cylinder and the inner cylinder include a transition point/attenuation matrix which forms their respective cylindrical circumferences. Helical or parallel wire or rings create the transition point/attenuation matrix which attenuates and creates turbulence as the first stage of quenching a flame front.

Abstract: A combustor for oxidizing a combustion fuel and pre-heating one or more reactants for fuel reforming. The combustor includes an elongated housing having an inlet for receiving a combustion fuel and an outlet for exhausting combustion products. The elongated housing further includes a cylindrical side wall, a bottom wall, and a top wall. Inert particles are disposed within the housing adjacent the inlet. A combustion catalyst bed is disposed within the housing above the inert particles that is a mixture of inert particles and combustion catalyst. The inert particles and the combustion catalyst preferably have a volumetric ratio of inert particles to catalyst between about 2:1 and about 4:1. The combustor has at least one heat exchanger within the combustion catalyst bed for heating a reformer reactant and generating steam. Preferably, the combustor includes at least two heat exchangers within the combustion catalyst bed, the heat exchanging elements have different surface areas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flashback protector (1) for limiting the propagation of a flame towards a fuel supply. The flashback protector comprises a downstream side (34) and an upstream side (32) defining a flow path between them. A magnetic-field generator (10, 20) is arranged to generate a magnetic field (40) across the flow path such that when a flashback occurs fluid flows in the flow path towards the fuel supply through the magnetic field (40). This causes a flow of current (50) to be induced in the fluid. This results in a force being generated on the fluid away from the fuel supply, preventing the flashback from reaching the fuel supply and causing an explosion.

Abstract: In a flame arrester insert comprising two metal strips (1, 2) wound together, of which a first metal strip (1) is a smooth strip and the second metal strip (2) is a grooved strip having defined grooving, so that they rest on each other at defined contact points (3) and, between the contact points (3), form defined gaps (4) for the passage of a fluid, the stability can be increased and corrosion prevention can be implemented even with inexpensive materials by the metal strips (1, 2) resting directly on each other at the contact points (3) and, outside the contact points (3), having a surface coating (5) which, close to the contact points, is a uniform joint coating of the surfaces of the metal strips (1, 2) that point toward each other.

Abstract: A demisting flame arrestor provides a border between an electrolytic reaction vessel and an intake manifold of an engine, and includes a composite material having hydrophilic zones and hydrophobic zones constructed to form multiple pathways for permitting gaseous flow. The hydrophilic zones promote trapping and condensation of water vapor and in the event of fire disperse flame into the multiple pathways to arrest the flame front. The hydrophobic zones repel condensed water to return the water to the reaction vessel through force of gravity.

Abstract: In a flame arrester arrangement which is formed from two metal strips (8, 9) which are wound together to form a disk having an approximately circular outer circumference and of which a first metal strip (8) is a smooth strip and the second metal strip (9) is a corrugated strip having defined corrugation, the two strips (8, 9), by bearing against one another, forming defined gaps (11) for passage of a fluid and being held in position, relative to one another by fixing pins inserted into radial bores (6), the radial bores (6) can be incorporated without deforming the gaps (11) even in the region of the bores (6) by virtue of the fact that the bores (6) are incorporated by spark erosion without deforming the corrugation formed in the second metal strip, such that the gaps (11) are also present in the region of the bores (6) in the manner defined by the corrugation.

Abstract: In a flame arrester arrangement which is formed from two metal strips (8, 9) which are wound together to form a disk having an approximately circular outer circumference and of which a first metal strip (8) is a smooth strip and the second metal strip (9) is a corrugated strip having defined corrugation, the two strips (8, 9), by bearing against one another, forming defined gaps (11) for passage of a fluid and being held in position relative to one another by fixing pins inserted into radial bores (6), the radial bores (6) can be incorporated without deforming the gaps (11) even in the region of the bores (6) by virtue of the fact that the bores (6) are incorporated by spark erosion without deforming the corrugation formed in the second metal strip, such that the gaps (11) are also present in the region of the bores (6) in the manner defined by the corrugation.

Abstract: An apparatus and system disclosed herein provides detonation wave arrestor including a detonation wave deflector and a burst element. The detonation wave arrestor disclosed herein attenuates and defects the propagation of a detonation wave characterized by a supersonic flame front propagation. The detonation wave arrestor provides deflection of detonation wave towards the burst element. The rupture of the burst element provides venting of hot gases remaining from the detonation, thus providing separation and attenuation of combusted gas residuals. The detonation wave arrestor disclosed herein may be used in a combustible fuel delivery system.

Abstract: In a flame arrester arrangement having a housing (1) for holding at least two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) having a large number of axial passage gaps dimensioned for a combustible gas, and having an intermediate layer (7) arranged between two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?), which permits a radial distribution of the gas flow emerging from one flame arrester insert (6, 6?) and entering an adjacent downstream flame arrester insert (6, 6?), the ability of the flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) to be easily assembled and disassembled for servicing purposes without restricting the functional integrity can be achieved by at least one separate closed seal (11, 11?, 15, 17, 17?, 20) being arranged between a flame arrester insert (6, 6?) and the housing (1) or between two flame arrester inserts (6, 6?) in such a way that a flow around the flame arrester insert (6, 6?) in a space (12) located radially outside the passage gaps is prevented.

Abstract: A pulse detonation device for dividing a pulse detonation shock wave into an primary and control portion to reduce the strength of a propagating shock wave and/or change its direction. The device contains a flow separator which directs a portion of the shock wave into itself, thus reducing the shock wave's strength. In one configuration, the control region converges in cross-sectional area so as to accelerate the flow in the control region, while the primary region diverges to slow the flow in the primary region. The flow in the control region is directed, at an angle, into the flow of the primary region to impede and/or redirect the flow of the primary region.

Abstract: A combustor of a turbine engine having a combustion zone defined therein is provided and includes a fuel nozzle, including two or more burners, each of the burners having a passage defined therein through which combustible materials are permitted to travel toward the combustion zone, a plurality of sensors disposed in relative association with each of the burners to respectively sense static pressures within the passages of each of the burners and to respectively issue sensed static pressure signals accordingly, and a controller, coupled to the sensors and receptive of the signals, which is configured to determine from an analysis of the signals whether any of the burners are associated with a flashback risk and to mitigate the flashback risk in accordance with the determination.

Abstract: A multi-stage vacuum pump comprises, between adjacent stages of the pump, a continuous ignition source for igniting a fuel within a pumped fluid. This can ensure that the concentration of the fuel in fluid exhaust from the pump is below its lower explosive limit.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a flashback condition in a fuel nozzle (8) of a gas turbine (10) are provided. The fuel nozzle is configured to pass a flow of air (20) to be mixed with a fuel in a premixing zone (11). The apparatus includes at least one fuel injecting device (12) positioned to define a point of fuel injection in the premixing zone. The apparatus further includes an electrode (16) positioned upstream of the point of fuel injection. The electrode is adapted to sense a flashback condition that can occur in the premixing zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device equipped with a burner for combusting a fuel/oxidant mixture inside a combustion chamber in which a material (3, 3?, 3?, 3??) is provided that endures a maximum temperature. The inventive device also comprises one or more supply lines (25, 26) for the fuel as well as for the oxidant which are provided for supplying the same into the combustion chamber. The inventive device is characterized in that it is designed for carrying out a combustion with a combustion temperature of the fuel/oxidant mixture that exceeds the maximum temperature. The device is designed in such a way that at least one additional supply line (30) is provided via which an additional gas having, in particular, a low calorific value can be supplied to the combustion chamber. Said additional gas enables the temperature during combustion to be lowered to a value that is less than the maximum temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for consistently delivering solid fuel to the combustion zone of a furnace is disclosed. The method includes feeding the solid fuel into the material inlet of a rotating rotary air lock valve which may have slanted vanes and moving the fuel from the material inlet of the rotating rotary air lock valve to the material outlet of the rotating rotary air lock valve, and conveying the fuel and gas through a discharge conduit to a fuel feed receiver of a furnace burner having a combustion zone.

Abstract: An abatement apparatus for introducing fuel into an electronic device manufacturing effluent abatement tool, including: a manifold; a fuel source adapted to supply fuel to the manifold through a fuel conduit; and a plurality of nozzles adapted to receive fuel from the manifold; wherein the manifold is adapted to supply fuel to the nozzles at a fuel velocity greater than a flame velocity.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor having improved flashback margin is disclosed. Multiple embodiments of the present invention are disclosed including combustors having a single premix chamber as well as multiple premix chambers. Flashback margin is increased for the combustor by incorporating a means for introducing an inert gas, such as nitrogen, into the premix chamber(s) at the region proximate the boundary layer to purge the boundary layer of combustible mixture, thereby ensuring that no combustion reaction occurs in the boundary layer.

Abstract: In a flame arrester arrangement which is formed from two metal strips (8, 9) which are wound together to form a disk having an approximately circular outer circumference and of which a first metal strip (8) is a smooth strip and the second metal strip (9) is a fluted strip having defined fluting, the two strips (8, 9), by bearing against one another, forming defined gaps (11) for passage of a fluid and being held in position relative to one another by fixing pins inserted into radial bores (6), the radial bores (6) can be incorporated without deforming the gaps (11) even in the region of the bores (6) by virtue of the fact that the bores (6) are incorporated by spark erosion without deforming the fluting formed in the second metal strip, such that the gaps (11) are also present in the region of the bores (6) in the manner defined by the fluting.

Abstract: A gas burner includes: a base having a bottom wall and a surrounding wall that extends upwardly from the bottom wall, that cooperates with the bottom wall to define an inner space, and that is formed with flame apertures in fluid communication with the inner space; a partitioning unit dividing the inner space into a main gas chamber and at least one buffer gas chamber separated from the main gas chamber, the partitioning wall being formed with through-holes that are in fluid communication with the main gas chamber and the buffer gas chamber and that open toward the bottom wall of the base; and a gas input conduit secured to the bottom wall of the base and in fluid communication with the main gas chamber.

Abstract: A combination of a flame arrestor with a reflection suppressor is provided which not only arrests an advancing flame front, but also suppresses or mitigates a reflection wave that is generated by a pressure wave that passes through the combination and continues on to a pipe restriction what generates a reflection wave that proceeds back to the combination. At the combination, the reflection suppressor suppresses and/or mitigates the reflection wave, thereby avoiding a heightened pressure in the combination that could cause a re-ignition and a new flame front and pressure front. The reflection suppressor has a tapered profile that permits a pressure wave to pass along and past the reflection suppressor as it leaves the combination but that impedes and mitigates a returning reflection wave produced by the pressure wave striking a pipe restriction and causing such a returning reflection wave.

Abstract: A flame arrestor for a flowing explosive gas (4), having a flame barrier (10, 20, 30) with a large number of defined passage gaps (17, 18), whose gap cross section is set with regard to the properties of the flowing gas (4), is cooled effectively and secured against a flame flashback in the case of continuous combustion by the fact that second gaps (18) having a smaller gap cross section are arranged adjacent to the first gaps (17) having the selected gap cross section.

Abstract: A dry safety device for an inflammable gas comprises a case main body having a gas passage which terminates at one end in a primary side open port connectable to a source of inflammable gas and terminates at the other end in a secondary side open port connectable to a gas-fired appliance. A spindle undergoes sliding movement in the case main body between an open position for opening the gas passage and a closed position for closing the gas passage, and a spindle spring normally urges the spindle to the open position and permits the spindle to move to the closed position in response to a counter-flow pressure exerted on the spindle by a counter flow of inflammable gas directed from the secondary side open port to the primary side open port.

Abstract: A method and system for the prevention of backflash from an ignition source in a flare stack to a separator or wellbore particularly during drilling and production. A continuous positive flow of air or exhaust gas is provided into the flow of gases from the wellbore or the separator to ensure that the velocity of the flow is always higher than the velocity at which the flame can propagate backwards into either the separator or the wellbore. This method and system is particularly applicable to balanced, underbalanced and air drilling operations where the flow of gas from the wellbore is intermittent and unpredictable and can stop and start during connection and disconnection of the air used as the drilling fluid.

Abstract: A combination of a flame arrestor with a reflection suppressor is provided which not only arrests an advancing flame front, but also suppresses or mitigates a reflection wave that is generated by a pressure wave that passes through the combination and continues on to a pipe restriction what generates a reflection wave that proceeds back to the combination. At the combination, the reflection suppressor suppresses and/or mitigates the reflection wave, thereby avoiding a heightened pressure in the combination that could cause a re-ignition and a new flame front and pressure front. The reflection suppressor has a tapered profile that permits a pressure wave to pass along and past the reflection suppressor as it leaves the combination but that impedes and mitigates a returning reflection wave produced by the pressure wave striking a pipe restriction and causing such a returning reflection wave.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a valve with a safety mechanism for diverting reverse gas flow being mountable in a gas lighter wherein a shoulder is formed around a mouth proximate a forward opening of a sleeve and is spaced apart from the forward opening by a predetermined gap when an actuation member is not pressed, the actuation member is pressed to lift a leakproof nut at a bottom of the mouth for opening a bottom hole of a seat to permit gas to flow into the valve, the shoulder then contacts the forward opening for blocking gas flow and direct the gas flow to a nozzle through a hose for ignition. Thus, after the actuation member being released, the gas remaining in the hose will flow back and leak through the gap and the forward opening to the outside because the gas pressure in the hose is larger than the outside pressure.

Abstract: A method of producing hydrogen by reforming a hydrocarbon or an aliphatic alcohol. The method includes preparing a columnar catalytic member having many axial passages and containing a reforming catalyst, a shift catalyst and an oxidation catalyst; preparing a reformable gas containing a hydrocarbon or an aliphatic alcohol and water vapor mixed together; rotating the columnar catalytic member, while passing the gas therethrough transversely with respect to its cross-section such that the gas first flows along a forward path extending in one direction through a first portion of the axial passages and then flows along a backward path extending in the other direction through a second portion of the axial passages, thereby causing the gas to undergo reforming and shift reactions to form hydrogen for recovery, while the gas makes a round trip along the forward and backward paths; and introducing an oxygen containing gas into the forward path and/or the backward path.

Abstract: A burner for a gas/air mixture with an inlet (2) for the gas/air mixture, wherein a jet tube (7) is located downstream of the inlet (2). The jet tube (7) has a jacket surface with a plurality of breakthroughs (8) and is surrounded radially a flame stabilizing device.

Abstract: A method and device for low-emission, noncatalytic combustion of a liquid fuel. The method includes separately introducing the liquid fuel in a non-ignitable state into a mixing zone, vaporizing the liquid fuel in the mixing zone, separately introducing a gaseous oxidizing agent into the mixing zone, and mixing the fuel and the gaseous oxidizing agent in the mixing zone to create ignitable mixture. The mixing zone is formed so that combustion is not possible even when the ignition temperature of the mixture is reached within the mixing zone. Combustion of the mixture occurs in a combustion zone located down current from the mixing zone.

Abstract: A gas-mixing device includes a store tank, a mixing chamber provided in the store tank, an air intake tube provided in the mixing chamber and having an intake, and an outlet tube connected with the mixing chamber. Properly pressured air is pumped through the air intake tube in the store tank to add pressure and vaporize liquid fuel oil in the store tank. Vaporized fuel oil is sent to a nozzle through the fuel oil outlet tube. An air outlet valve is provided in the store tank for pressured air therein to flow through into the nozzle, wherein vaporized fuel oil is mixed with pressured air and further intensely vaporized to produce further vaporizing and pressure-adding function for use in a burning appliance and installation.

Abstract: An apparatus for combusting a fuel and air mixture within a combustion chamber, particularly a combustion chamber of a gaseous fuel fired water heater. A pressure relief void is intentionally formed so that a combustion chamber forms communication with a surrounding environment through a peripheral gap between the combustion chamber wall and a vessel wall of a vessel. During ignition, the pressure relief void allows pre-combustion fluid within the combustion chamber to escape through both the pressure relief void and the exhaust flue. The pressure relief void reduces or eliminates undesirable noise associated with start-up and operation of conventional water heater combustion chambers with premixed burner systems. The pressure relief void of this invention is sized large enough to relieve an ignition pressure pulse from the combustion chamber upon ignition and yet is sized small enough to prevent a combustion flame from passing through the pressure relief void during ignition.

Abstract: Flashback protection is provided in or proximate the head of a cutting torch by a fitting, which can be in the form of an adapter or a cutting tip for mounting to the head. The fitting includes a body and porous structure that is preferably carried by the body and is a distinct component from the body. The porous structure has a multiplicity of convolute passageways extending therethrough for restricting flashback.