Abstract: A high-temperature burner is provided that is suited for the incineration of shredded plastics, tires, carpet or similar materials. The burner walls are protected from the heat of the ongoing combustion reaction by an annular curtain of water vapor or carbon dioxide that takes the radiant heat energy of the high-temperature combustion reaction. The annular curtain removes the heat energy from the vicinity of the burner walls before the energy can be conveyed to them. Higher temperature combustion can be attained without resorting to jacketed burner construction or the use of refractory materials.

Abstract: The oxy-fuel burner comprises at least one fuel supply pipe (16) and at least one pipe (18) for supplying an oxygen-rich gas, the said outlets of the pipes being directed approximately in the same direction, the burner being designed to be mounted through a wall of a furnace with the pipes directed into the furnace. It carries at least one auxiliary member (50, 60) intended to act on the flame and the said auxiliary member (50, 60) is placed on the burner upstream of the zone where the fuel gas and the oxygen-rich gas meet.

Abstract: A method of combustion and an apparatus therefor in which separate streams of very lean and very rich fuel/oxidant mixture are combusted separately, the products of combustion therefrom being thoroughly mixed before final combustion takes place. The lean/rich primary combustion minimizes combustion temperatures and pollutant formation, whilst the final combustion is substantially stoichiometric.

Abstract: A method serves the purpose of introducing fuel and/or thermal energy into a gas stream flowing to a catalytic reactor. The gas stream flows in part through an exterior chamber and in part through an interior chamber, which is at least partially open in the flow direction and to which fuel is supplied. The partial streams are re-united after flowing through the two chambers and are fed to the catalytic reactor. In a starting phase of the still cold catalytic reactor, the fuel is burned in the interior chamber. During conventional normal operating modes of the warm catalytic reactor, the fuel is vaporized in the interior chamber. In a suitable device, the exterior chamber and the interior chamber are designed as two tube elements that are inserted into one another.

Abstract: The present invention is a method, and an apparatus for practicing the method, that creates a product stream and a heat of reaction from a fuel-rich fuel/air mixture and then contacts the product stream with a sufficient quantity of additional air to completely combust all of the fuel, to which air a portion of the heat of reaction has been transferred.

Abstract: A combustion device for providing a stream of combustion products. In particular, there is a combustion device, utilizing micro-sized combustion tubes, that can 1) control firing profiles of an array of combustion tubes, 2) control acoustics generated thereby, and 3) provide an exhaust gas for actuating an attached device, like a piston. The array of combustion tubes is individually controlled. Wherein the array of tubes comprises either uniformly dimensioned tubes or is formed of a variety of dimensions, like length and diameter, which are arranged in selected patterns. There can be either a single ignition point at an end of the combustion tubes, or a multiple of ignition points positioned along the interior length of the tubes. There is also a combustion sequence that self extinguishing after burning all of the fuel in the combustion tube at the end of each cycle.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus for incinerating waste gas comprising; a plurality of combustion nozzles 20 arranged in periphery of an inner tube for discharging the waste gas into the combustion chamber, an incineration inner tube 30 for shielding the flare smoke, the flame light and the noise being generated during incineration of the waste gas and being discharged from the combustion nozzle 20, said incineration inner tube 30 having a plurality of air inlets 32 at its lower periphery, and an outer tube 40 for introducing the swirl air into the flame generation side for providing the swirl force to the combusted gas which is elevated within the inner tube 30, said outer tube 40 is provided with several air inlet passages 42 tangentially formed in communication with the incineration inner tube 30.

Abstract: In furnaces for producing high purity fused silica glass boules, glass particles have a tendency to build-up adjacent the burner hole rim. It was discovered that unburned furnace gases containing silica particles where re-circulated in the furnace close to the burner hole rim and reacted with the oxygen of infiltrated air adjacent the burner hole, and thus deposited such particles in the form of a glassy build-up about the rim of the burner hole. In order to eliminate the source of oxygen adjacent the burner hole rim, a curtain of an inert gas is caused to flow through the burner hole between the sidewalls of the burner hole and the flame of the burner. Accordingly, the curtain of inert gas inhibits the combustion of the unburned hydrogen and carbon monoxide furnace gases adjacent the exit rim of the burner hole and thereby minimizes glass build-up about the burner hole rim.

Abstract: The present invention is a method, and an apparatus for practicing the method, that creates a product stream and a heat of reaction from a fuel-rich fuel/air mixture and then contacts the product stream with a sufficient quantity of additional air to completely combust all of the fuel, to which air a portion of the heat of reaction has been transferred.

Abstract: A burner (10, 210) is provided in accordance with the present invention that includes an outer tube (62), an inner tube (34) positioned to be within the inner tube (34), a power supply (38) coupled to the inner tube (34), and an ignitor pin (70) coupled to the outer tube (62). An insulator (16) is provided that separates the burner (10) from a natural gas supply (28). The natural gas supply (28) provides natural gas to a combustion zone (45) through the inner tube (34). An oxygen supply (58) provides oxygen to the combustion zone (45) through a gap (144) between inner and outer tubes (34, 62). A spark is created between the inner tube (34) and the ignitor pin (70) to ignite the natural gas and oxygen to create a flame (12).

Abstract: No exit-flame burner includes nested elongate mixing and ignition tubes. The mixing chamber tube is of shorter length than the ignition chamber tube and is nested coaxially. The first ends of the ignition and mixing chamber tubes are sealed by a sealing member. A gas port for delivery of oxygen-bearing gas is formed in the sealing member. A gas diffuser is nested coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. A fuel-feeding bore within the gas diffuser is aligned coaxially within the mixing chamber tube. The gas diffuser is shaped as a rhombus in cross-section along the longitudinal axis to thereby define a rim around an apex thereof. The rim extends substantially around, closely adjacent to, a corresponding inside surface of the mixing chamber tube to thereby define an upstream gas plenum upstream of the rim between the rim and the sealing member.

Abstract: In an ignition appliance for a heat generator, the supply lines for air (70) and fuel gas (60) are led directly into a flame tube (40). The igniter (51) is arranged in an ignition space (50) remote from the flame tube (40) and connected to the flame tube (40). The ignition space (50) is connected to the air supply passage (70) and the gas supply passage (60) via connecting ducts (55, 56). If the supply passages for air and fuel gas (70, 60) are dimensioned so as to be sufficiently large, the pressure drop between the inside of the ignition space (50) and the feed lines (60, 70) is small. The fuel/air ratio present at the igniter (51) is therefore essentially determined only by the ratio of the cross sections of the connecting ducts (55, 56). The flow relationships in the ignition space (50) are likewise substantially decoupled from the air and fuel gas flows supplied overall to the ignition appliance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combustion of a fuel and oxidant in which at least a portion of a fuel and at least a portion of an oxidant are introduced into an annular region formed by an outer tubular member closed off at one end and an inner tubular member open at both ends concentrically disposed within the outer tubular member, forming a fuel/oxidant mixture. The fuel/oxidant mixture is ignited in the annular region, forming products of combustion therein. The products of combustion are then exhausted through the inner tubular member providing oxidant preheating prior to forming the fuel/oxidant mixture.

Abstract: A burner (10) for reducing NOx emissions where supply fuel (16) and supply air (20) are supplied to a combustion tunnel (52) at high and low velocities and secondary air (26) is supplied to a secondary combustion zone (60), wherein products of combustion (59) exiting into the secondary combustion zone (60) from the combustion tunnel (52) are drawn back into the combustion tunnel (52) and back into the secondary air conduit (54).

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including a furnace structure defining a reaction chamber in which oxidant and fuel are reacted to form combustion products and having an anchor surface having an opening through which the oxidant and fuel are introduced into the reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is configured to recirculate the combustion products back toward the anchor surface. The apparatus also includes an anchor outlet configured to create a layer of combustion products directed along the anchor surface under the influence of the recirculated combustion products. The apparatus further includes a primary outlet configured to direct primary fuel to flow into the reaction chamber through the opening and the layer of combustion products so as to ignite the primary fuel.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuation of combustion with an oxy-fuel combustion system when the supply of oxygen is temporally reduced or stopped. Air or oxygen enriched air and fuel are introduced into the device being heated in place of the oxy-fuel mixture to effect combustion and maintain the heating level in the furnace. Water cooling of the furnace gases is used to reduce the volume of exhaust gases when operating in the air or oxygen enriched air mode.

Abstract: A burner for combusting gaseous mixture of gaseous fuel with a combustion supporting gas, such as oxygen or air, comprising a burner tube (11) open at one end (11′) and closed at its other end (11″) with a flame holder (30) at which fuel is burnt adjacent the open end (11′), the flame holder (30) being traversed by passageways (52, 54, 56, 58) for the gaseous mixture, the burner (10) having inlets (14, 16) adjacent the closed end (11″) connected to combustion supporting gas and gaseous fuel supply lines, one of said lines having a control valve operable for controlling the size of the flame, the said one line having a pressure or flow transducer and the other line having a variable booster or restricter responsive to the transducer, for balancing air and fuel supplied to the burner (10) to ensure the gaseous mixture remains stoichiometric irrespective of the size of the flame and such that the lowest gaseous fuel mixture flow rate is at least as low as {fraction (1/60)}th the highest f

Abstract: A three-stage lean burn combustion chamber (28) comprises a primary combustion zone (36), a secondary combustion zone (40) and a tertiary combustion zone (44). Each of the combustion zones (36,40,44) is supplied with premixed fuel and air by respective fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92). The fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92) have a plurality of air injections apertures (62,64,76,98) spaced apart in the direction of flow through the fuel and air mixing ducts (54,70,92). The apertures (62,64,76,98) reduce the magnitude of the fluctuations in the fuel to air ratio of the fuel and air mixture supplied into the at least one combustion zone (36,40,44). This reduces the generation of harmful vibrations in the combustion chamber (28).

Abstract: A soldering iron (1) comprises a soldering head (4) connected to a handle (2). A cylindrical catalytic element (20) located in a combustion chamber (8) converts gas to heat for heating a soldering tip (15). An electrode (40) located within the catalytic element (20) initially ignites a fuel gas/air mixture to burn in a flame (42) within the catalytic element (20) for raising the temperature of a downstream portion (50) of the catalytic element (20) to its ignition temperature. Heat from the downstream portion (50) raises an upstream portion (51) of the catalytic element (20) upstream of the flame (42) to its ignition temperature, which then commences to convert the fuel gas/air mixture to heat. This starves the flame (42) of fuel gas/air mixture, thus extinguishing the flame (42) so that the catalytic element (20) continues to convert fuel gas/air mixture to heat in a catalytic reaction.

Abstract: Portable turner for combustion of a gaseous fuel comprising an elongated combustion chamber (1), the front end of which is open and the back end of which is closed with a back (2) and that is connected partly with a fuel gas conduit (4) and partly with a combustion air conduit (5.1), and that is enclosed by a concentric cooling jacket (1.2) for the flow of a cooling medium. The cooling jacket (12) shows an exhaust opening at the open front end of the combustion chamber (1) and is connected with a cooling air conduit (5.2) for the delivery of cooling air, that in its turn is connected with a compressed air source. The compressed air source may consist of a cooling blower (10) that is connected with an air motor (9) via a shaft (10.1) and that is fed with compressed air from a compressed air conduit (5).

Abstract: A combustion type detoxifying apparatus which carries out detoxifying treatment of a raw gas containing toxic components injected through a burner (2) into a combustion chamber (1) by allowing the toxic components to burn or undergo pyrolysis. The combustion chamber (1) having a double-wall structure consisting of an outer barrel (11) and an inner barrel (12) which is made of a porous material. The combustion chamber (1) is provided with a gas introducing nozzle (4) for introducing a pressure gas to the space defined between the outer barrel (11) and the inner barrel (12).

Abstract: A biogas flare system for burning biogas generated primarily by a landfill includes at least one burner for igniting a mixture of biogas and air. A main supply line supplies a mixture of biogas and air to the burner. A biogas supply line feeds biogas into the main supply line. An air supply line feeds air into the main supply line. A mixer structure mixes the biogas and air prior to the mixture being supplied to the burner.

Abstract: The present invention combines the gasoline vapor recovery efficiency advantages of a Hirt “Partial Seal System”, as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,680,004 to Hirt, with the customer convenience advantages of gasoline vapor recovery systems employing “bootless” nozzles. The use of bootless nozzles in combination with strict environmental vapor emissions compliance is made possible because of specific system advantages, which include the use of a burner designed to operate at two different flow rates, a coaxial processor stack which permits second and third stage combustion of excess gasoline vapor generated by the system before it is released to atmosphere, and a remote sensor which continually monitors system vacuum pressure to ensure that a sufficient vacuum is maintained at all times.

Abstract: The fuel is fed centrally into a fire tube (3), where it is mixed with combustion air in a combustion zone. The air exits through first and second air line nozzles (4 or 5) which are arranged in two directly adjoining rows (6, 7) and inclined in the direction of counterflow at an angle of 60° to the axis of the fire tube. The distance (x) between the fuel nozzle (9) and the openings of the first air line nozzles (4) is 0.70 times the diameter of the fire tube. In addition, the second air line nozzles (5) extend into the fire tube by a distance (y) which is 0.17 times the diameter of the fire tube. The total cross-section of the second air line nozzles (5) is 0.6 times that of the first air line nozzles (4). A highly turbulent toroidal eddy forms inside the fire tube (3) which generates a very homogeneous mixture across the cross-section of said fire tube (3). This results in lower NOx values and even temperature distribution already inside the fire tube.

Abstract: A burner nozzle includes a burner tube that extends along a central axis and has an inlet end portion for receiving combustible gas and air. At least one body or chamber has a passageway in communication with the burner tube along the central axis which leads to an elongated outlet end portion. At least one flame-shaping opening is located adjacent the outlet end portion. Each flame-shaping opening may be constructed and arranged effective to elongate (broaden the width of) flame resulting from combustion of the mixture transverse to the central axis to produce efficient heat transfer between the flame and air inside a heat-receiving member disposed downstream of the outlet opening. A flame length reducing member may be used instead of or in addition to the flame-shaping opening and the flame shaping opening may itself reduce flame length. A burner assembly may include a combustion tube in which the burner nozzle is disposed and connected.

Abstract: A burner for operating a unit for generating a hot gas consists essentially of at least two hollow partial bodies (1, 2) which are interleaved in the flow direction and whose center lines extend offset relative to one another in such a way that adjacent walls of the partial bodies (1,2) form tangential air inlet ducts (5, 6) for the inlet flow of combustion air (7) into an internal space (8) prescribed by the partial bodies (1, 2). The burner has at least one fuel nozzle (11). In order to control flow instabilities in the burner, the inside of the burner outlet (17) has a plurality of nozzles (32) along the periphery of the burner outlet (17) for introducing axial vorticity into the flow, the nozzles (32) for injecting air (34) being arranged at an angle to the flow direction (30).

Abstract: A catalytic firebox reactor employing an exothermic catalytic reaction channel and multiple cooling conduits for creating a partially reacted fuel/oxidant mixture. An oxidation catalyst is deposited on the walls forming the boundary between the multiple cooling conduits and the exothermic catalytic reaction channel, on the side of the walls facing the exothermic catalytic reaction channel. This configuration allows the oxidation catalyst to be backside cooled by any fluid passing through the cooling conduits. The heat of reaction is added to both the fluid in the exothermic catalytic reaction channel and the fluid passing through the cooling conduits. After discharge of the fluids from the exothermic catalytic reaction channel, the fluids mix to create a single combined flow. A further innovation in the reactor incorporates geometric changes in the exothermic catalytic reaction channel to provide streamwise variation of the velocity of the fluids in the reactor.

Abstract: A burner for operating a heat generator includes a rotation generator (100) for a combustion air stream (115), a device for injecting at least one fuel (112, 116) into the combustion air stream, a number of transition channels (201) for transferring a flow formed in the rotation generator into a mixing pipe (20) located downstream from these transition channels, and a pilot burner system (300) in the lower part of the mixing pipe (20), in which the pilot burner system (300) is in active connection with rotation generators (400) located at the end side of the mixing pipe (20). The interaction between the pilot burner system and rotation generators ensures maximized flame stability in the combustion chamber (30), and a general minimization of pollutant emissions, while increasing the load range for lower pollutants towards smaller loads.

Abstract: In a cup sealing system including a cup former and at least one burner for sealing a cup bottom seam where a cup side wall blank is mated with a bottom disk, with one portion of the side wall extending beyond the bottom disk, an improvement wherein at least one burner includes a burner head with a plurality of circumferentially arranged flame nozzles and a pilot flame aperture, the pilot flame aperture adapted to be located axially adjacent the one portion of the cup side wall; a flame ignitor/sensor positioned adjacent the flame aperture; and a combustion chamber which extends from a forward edge of the burner at the flame nozzles to a location axially beyond the container side wall to thereby achieve uniform heating of the extended portion of the cup side wall. The burner head also includes a pair of relatively movable sleeves adapted to create an annular pilot flame ring gap on start-up.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for operating a premix burner which improve the supply of fuel under certain types of operation.According to the invention, this is achieved by the fact that the liquid fuel (2) and the water (27) are conveyed separately to the liquid-fuel nozzle (17), and only there a liquid-fuel/water mixture (28) is produced, which is then injected into the inner chamber (9) of the premix burner (4) in a plain jet (29) with an injection angle a of less than 10.degree.. To this end and, the liquid-fuel nozzle (17), which opens out centrally into the inner chamber (9), is designed with a simple injection opening (19). A mixing zone (22), into which a liquid-fuel line (20) and a water feed line (21) open out, is arranged upstream of the injection opening (19).

Abstract: In a premix burner, the swirl-stabilized interior space (18) has a conical inner body (13) running in the direction of flow. The outer casing of the interior space (18) is pierced by tangentially arranged air-inlet ducts (11a, 12a) through which a combustion-air flow (16) flows into the interior space (18). The swirl flow (23) forming in the interior space (18) is enriched with a fuel via at least one fuel lance (17). The mixture of the two media is then formed in the downstream mixing tube (21). The mixing tube (21) then merges into a combustion space (31) via a jump in cross section, a backflow zone (32) forming in the region of the plane of the jump in cross section, which backflow zone (32) ensures the stability of the combustion.

Abstract: A self-cooled oxidant-fuel burner consisting novel fuel and oxidant nozzles and three compartment refractory burner block design is proposed. The new oxidant-fuel burner can fire in high-temperature (2200.degree. F. to 3000.degree. F.) and high-particulate (or high process volatiles/condensates) furnaces without over-heating or causing chemical corrosion damage to it's metallic burner nozzle and refractory burner block interior. Using various embodiments of nozzle and block shape, the burner can offer a traditional cylindrical flame or flat flame depending on the heating load requirements. The new features of this burner include unique fuel nozzle design for the streamline mixing of fuel and oxidant streams, a controlled swirl input to the oxidant flow for desired flame characteristics, a controlled expansion of flame envelope in the radial and axial dimensions, and efficient sweeping of burner block interior surface using oxidant to provide convective cooling and prevent any build up of process particulates.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide a novel combustion chamber which has an improved air supply and also ensures an optimum incident flow to the burners when the mass flows of cooling and combustion air are different. According to the invention, this is achieved in that the at least one cooling duct (10) is extended right into the plenum (13) and is formed inside the plenum (13) as a diffuser (14) having an orifice (12) leading into the plenum (13). The at least one opening (15, 15') in the burner dome (4) is arranged in the region of the diffuser (14) or directly downstream of its orifice (12). A bypass duct (16, 16') having an orifice (17, 17') leading into the plenum (13) follows downstream of each opening (15, 15'). The orifice (17, 17') of each bypass duct (16, 16') is oriented at least approximately in parallel with the orifice (12) of the diffuser (14) and is also designed so as to be offset step-like to the outside.

Abstract: The invention relates to clean burning of fuel oil with air. More specifically, to a fuel burning combustion head using a low-pressure, high air flow atomizing nozzle so that there will be a complete combustion oil resulting in a minimum emission of pollutants. The inventors have devised a fuel burner that uses a low pressure air atomizing nozzle. The improved fuel burner does not result in the use of additional compressors or the introduction of pressurized gases downstream, nor does it require a complex design.

Abstract: A premix burner for a gas turbine engine having a pair of partial conical bodies stacked inside each other to form a conical interior chamber is disclosed. The conical bodies are offset laterally to form tangential air flow openings. The width of the openings is varied in a prescribed manner to induce rotational disorder.

Abstract: An improved gas burner comprising in combination means for controlled feeding and subsequent admixing of a secondary air directly to the base of the flame in a form of a cap coaxially surrounding a burner head of the gas burner comprising a lateral apertures for issuing combustible air-gas mixture to form a flame. The through lateral openings of the predetermined size having the total cross section greater than the total cross-section of the apertures of burner head are performed on the side wall surface of the cap. During the operation of the gas burner the exact measured amount of the secondary air is admixed directly to the base of the flame, thereby highly efficient and complete combustion process characterized by high-elevated temperature is achieved.

Abstract: A direct contact water heating system employs a vertical water tower having a sidewall with a combustion inlet opening spaced above the tower lower end. A generally horizontal combustion chamber has a sidewall in communication with the tower combustion inlet and an end wall spaced from the water tower. A burner has a combustion outlet in communication with an opening in the end wall, the combustion chamber end wall having an annular area surrounding the burner combustion outlet. Products of combustion flow from the burner, through the combustion chamber into the water tower through the combustion inlet opening. A shell has an inner end attached to the water tower sidewall. A sidewall portion of the shell surrounds the combustion chamber sidewall and an annular portion is spaced exteriorly of the annular area of the combustion chamber end wall. An interior surface of the outer shell and an exterior surface of the combustion chamber form a closed envelope having a water inlet and a water outlet.

Abstract: The universal mixer device for mixing two gaseous fluids comprises an enclosure defining coaxial chambers, ducts opening out respectively into each of the chambers to feed them with two gases at medium pressure, and sonic nozzles each comprising a hollow converging-diverging body of revolution serving as seats for respective cone-shaped valve members. The valve member of one of the nozzles has an axial bore and defines the chambers at least in part. The other nozzle is disposed inside the axial bore. The hollow converging-diverging bodies of revolution occupy positions that are determined relative to the enclosure, and the valve members are mechanically linked to each other and are associated with a single actuator. The gases that have passed through the coaxial and geometrically similar nozzles flow into a common downstream chamber in which the gases mix with a predetermined mixing ratio determined by the dimensions of the nozzles.

Abstract: A gas appliance is provided for producing an open flame. The gas appliance includes an elongated gas tube, a gas inlet, a nozzle, a flame sensor, a gas shut-off valve, and a protective member. The gas tube has a proximal end and a distal end. The gas inlet is located near the proximal end, for connection to a source of combustible gas. The nozzle is located at the distal end, for expelling the combustible gas to produce the open flame. The flame sensor detects the open flame and communicates its absence or presence to the gas shut-off valve. The gas shut-off valve has a valve inlet, a valve outlet, a control input, and the over-ride mechanism. The valve inlet is connected to the gas inlet. The valve outlet is connected to the proximal end of the elongated gas tube.

Abstract: A burner apparatus is provided in accordance with the present invention that includes a case coupled to an air supply and a nozzle positioned to lie in case and coupled to a fuel supply. Nozzle defines at least one air-flow cavity inside case. Nozzle is formed to include a fuel-distribution chamber and at least one fuel-discharge port to communicate fuel from fuel-distribution chamber into air passing from air supply through each air-flow cavity. Fuel) mixes with air in each air-flow cavity to produce a combustible air-and-fuel mixture therein which can be ignited to produce a flame in case.

Abstract: An immersion tube burner having stable ignition and flame over a wide range of firing rates. The burner includes a restriction orifice located between the fan and the burner nozzle for minimizing pulsations of air pressure fluctuations between the fan and nozzle. The orifice is sized so that the air velocity is greater through the orifice than at the nozzle so that any such pulsations are directed downstream of the nozzle rather than upstream, where they can affect the flame. The burner includes a burner nozzle having a cone shaped mixing plate. The angled shape of the plate re-circulates hot gases towards the base of the flame to thereby ensure more consistent ignition and combustion. The mixing plate further has holes arranged in primary and secondary zones. The holes of the primary zone are located within approximately five times the diameter of the fuel outlet ports so that the fuel exiting such ports has sufficient velocity to optimize mixing.

Abstract: In a method of operating a burner of a heat generator, in which the burner essentially includes a swirl generator for a combustion-air flow, a mechanism for injecting at least one fuel into the combustion-air flow, and a number of transition passages for passing a flow formed in the swirl generator into a mixing tube arranged downstream of the transition passages, a predetermined quantity of a second fuel having a good ignition quality is injected into the reaction zone in order to stabilize the combustion in the combustion space.

Abstract: A combustion burner includes a housing secured to the top of a water heater, a gas tube in fluid communication with a source of gas and depending vertically from the housing and positioned within a heat exchange tube of the water heater. The An ignition assembly depends vertically from the top of the housing through the gas tube and into the heat exchange tube. An angled nozzle, extending from the housing, transports air from an air blower through the housing and into an annulus defined between the exterior of the annular chamber and the interior of the heat exchange tube. A deflector plate having a first and second series of slots and adjacent louvers effects the mixture of the gas and air in the interior of the heat exchange tube and enables the production of a long narrow flame within the heat exchange tube.

Abstract: A nozzle for a recuperative radiant tube burner system is constructed to provide uniform combustion along the length of the inner tube. The nozzle includes combustion air ports disposed at compound angles and having different axial components to provide staged mixing of air and fuel. The staged mixing produces a combustible mixture along the length of the tube to produce a more uniform flame. The nozzle further has an outer wall disposed normal to the combustion air ports to improve air flow through the ports. A fuel outlet tube has relief ports for continuing fuel flow in the event that a main orifice is plugged, which may result from air pressure fluctuations in the burner system.

Abstract: A gas fired low emission air heater for a cup making machine having a combustion chamber and a venturi block mounted on the inlet end of the combustion chamber and having a tapered venturi passage in the venturi block. An air inlet nozzle is aligned with the venturi passage and an annular gas ring formed around the nozzle for directing gas into the venturi passage. A discharge nozzle is mounted on the outer end of the combustion chamber and a metal matt assembly mounted in the combustion chamber. The metal matt assembly including one or more perforated mixing plates and a metal matt aligned with the mixing plates. A spark plug is mounted in the combustion chamber for igniting the gas/air mixture prior to discharge of the heated air into the cup making machine.

Abstract: A burner for mixing and burning at least two combustion media, particularly combustion air and a poor gas as a combustible gas. The burner comprises several burner nozzles. Each burner nozzle comprises at least three mutually coaxially arranged tubes. The tubes are radially spaced from one another so as to form annular clearance ducts, through which the combustion media can be passed into a combustion chamber. The arrangement according to the invention permits a good mixing and burning of several gaseous combustion media.

Abstract: A cell arrangement for the electrolysis of water to liberate hydrogen and oxygen gases is described. A cell unit (125) has a stacked arrangement of segmentation disks (114), a first type of (anode) cell plates (90), a second type of (cathode) cell plates (98) and separation membranes (116). Interconnecting conductive shafts (126-131) pass through holes (100,102) of the cell plates (90,98) to have selective electrical interconnection therewith. Water and electrolyte is supplied by inlet ports (108,110) to immerse the cell plates (90,98). The membranes (116) normally isolate adjacent cathode and anode plates (90,98) from the mixing of liberated oxygen and hydrogen gases whilst allowing ionic current flow. By selective adjustment of the water/electrolyte pressure differential on respective sides of the separation membranes (116), admixture of the liberated gases can be produced. The liberated gases discharge by outlet ports (104,106).

Abstract: A combustion chamber of a burner for a vehicle heater or for thermal regeneration of an exhaust gas particle filter having a frontal boundary wall, a circumferential boundary wall, a connector for fitting a glow plug and a connector for conveying combustion air which projects from the frontal boundary wall into the combustion chamber and has at least combustion air outlets through the connector wall, in which the combustion chamber with the frontal boundary wall, the circumferential boundary wall, the glow plug connector and with or without the air supply connector takes the form of a one-piece precision-cast component.

Abstract: An improved high-efficiency furnace for use with manufactured housing has a modular heat exchanger assembly having a drum and a plurality of serpentine shaped tubes. A burner extends at least partially into the drum portion of the heat exchanger which acts as a combustion chamber. Hot combustion gases flow upwardly within the drum and enter the tubes heating the drum and tubes. Room air is drawn into the furnace by a circulating blower and blown against the plurality of tubes. The room air is then directed to flow around the drum portion of the heat exchanger where it is further heated before being discharged into the space being heated. The burner includes an inwardly tilted target plate having a plurality of fingers for facilitating the formation of a stable ball of flame within the drum.

Abstract: A burner for burning a combustible gas comprising fuel gas and air that has been mixed before being supplied to the burner. The burner has a flame holder .[.concavely.]. .Iadd.axially and radially .Iaddend.recessed into a flame outlet. The .[.concave.]. configuration of the flame holder focuses the individual flames on the combustion surface toward a central location where the individual flames interact with and reinforce one another in a direction axial to the burner. Thus very little heat is transmitted directly from the burner in a direction normal to the burner axis. This characteristic of the burner allows it to be used to fire a flue type heat exchangers where the walls of the heat exchanger are very close to the burner without excessive temperatures being produced in the heat exchanger walls adjacent the burner.