Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein are directed to methods of upgrading a conventional combustion system into an upgraded combustion system that includes a perforated flame holder. For example, the perforated flame holder may improve operational efficiency of the combustion system and/or reduce pollutants such as NOx output by the upgraded combustion system.

Abstract: A collar configured to couple a burner to a partition plate is provided including a body having a diameter configured to couple to a diameter of the burner. A flange extends outwardly from the body. The collar is formed from a heat resistance material such that heat transfer between the burner and the partition plate is limited.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a method for producing composites, comprising mixed oxides of aluminum oxide and cerium/zirconium, hereinafter referred to briefly as Al/Ce/Zr oxide composite(s), using boehmite and soluble cerium/zirconium salts. Al/Ce/Zr oxide composites produced in this way have an increased thermal stability.

Abstract: A porous-medium premixing combustor is provided, which includes: an air-fuel gas mixer, a combustor body, a thermocouple, an ignition electrode, and a detecting electrode. The combustor body includes a casing connected to the air-fuel gas mixer; an outer and an inner burner-block, wherein the outer burner-block and the casing are connected, forming a square chamber, and the inner burner-block is provided inside the square chamber, with a via hole communicating with a pipe; and a mixed gas distributing plate, an ordered porous plate, a small-pore foamed ceramic plate, and a big-pore foamed-ceramic plate sequentially provided along an axis direction of the via hole of the inner burner-block. The thermocouple is provided at the casing and extends into the square chamber. The ignition electrode is provided close to an end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate. The detecting electrode is provided close to an exit end of the big-pore foamed-ceramic plate.

Abstract: A chemical looping reactor is provided. The reactor comprises a first reduction reactor, a second reduction reactor and a shared oxidation reactor. The shared oxidation reactor is set between the first and second reduction reactors. Therein, the present invention applies interconnected fluidized beds in chemical looping combustion. Single redox is processed with oxygen carrier (oxide of metal like nickel or copper). The first and second reduction reactors individually handle their own reactions and reactants. Thus, in a chemical looping reactor, two different source materials can be handled at the same time. The oxygen carrier can be cycled separately as well for fully releasing oxygen contained within. High-purity carbon dioxide is further obtained. The application can be extended to hydrogen generation. Hence, the present invention simplifies the reaction mechanism, enhances the yield, improves the operation efficiency and reduces the cost.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating an exhaust gas comprising methane and NO. The exhaust gas is contacted with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen to oxidize at least part of the methane in the gas stream to carbon dioxide and water and at least part of the NO into NO2 obtaining a treated gas stream. The catalyst comprises one or more noble metals supported on non-modified zirconia, wherein the zirconia comprises tetragonal zirconia and monoclinic zirconia, and wherein the weight ratio of tetragonal zirconia to monoclinic zirconia is in the range of from 1:1 to 31:1.

Abstract: An exhaust system is provided for a device having at least one fuel cell. The exhaust system includes at least one exhaust duct for transporting anode-side and/or cathode-side exhaust gas of the fuel cell, at least one air inlet for supplying air, at least one air feeding device for feeding in the supplied air, at least one heat exchanger for heating up the supplied air, a mixing region for mixing exhaust gas of the fuel cell transported by way of the exhaust duct with the supplied air and forming a mixed exhaust gas, and a mixed exhaust gas outlet for carrying the mixed exhaust gas away from the exhaust system.

Abstract: A system for converting fuel may include a first moving bed reactor, a second reactor, and a non-mechanical valve. The first moving bed reactor may include at least one tapered section and multiple injection gas ports. The multiple injection gas ports may be configured to deliver a fuel to the first moving bed reactor. The first moving bed reactor may be configured to reduce an oxygen carrying material with a fuel by defining a countercurrent flowpath for the fuel relative to the oxygen carrying material. The second reactor may communicate with the first moving bed reactor and may be operable to receive an oxygen source. The second reactor may be configured to regenerate the reduced oxygen carrying material by oxidation.

Abstract: An improved chemical looping combustion (CLC) process and system includes a hopper containing oxygen carrier particles, e.g., metal oxides, that are gravity fed at a controlled rate of flow from the hopper into (a) a generally vertical downflow reactor where they are mixed with all of the hydrocarbon fuel feed to the system and (b) into one or more standpipes that are in communication with a plurality of staged fluidized reactor beds, the amount of the oxygen carrier particles introduced into the system being stoichiometrically predetermined to produce a syngas mixture of H2 and CO2; or to complete combustion of the fuel to CO2 and water vapor, thereby permitting capture of a majority of the CO2 produced in an essentially pure form.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a spark plug which includes, at at least one of a center electrode and a ground electrode, a tip having excellent spark wear resistance in a high temperature environment, thereby having excellent durability. A spark plug includes a center electrode and a ground electrode disposed with a gap provided between the center electrode and the ground electrode. At least one of the center electrode and the ground electrode includes a tip which defines the gap. The tip includes a metal base material containing Ir as a main component, and oxide particles containing at least one of oxides having a perovskite structure represented by general formula ABO3 (A is at least one element selected from elements in group 2 in a periodic table, and B is at least one element selected from metal elements). When a cross section of the tip is observed, an area proportion of the oxide particles is not lower than 1% and not higher than 13%.

Abstract: A high efficiency laminar flow burner system for proving a stream of heat energy including a supply input module for providing fuel and laminar streams of air to a combustion manifold. The laminar air delivery system includes a damper, a blower, and an air delivery controller. The air delivery controller receives an efficiency signal to control the flow of a laminar air intake stream by adjusting the damper. The combustion manifold includes an air-fuel mixing system, a stoichiometric unit, and a refractory unit each coupled to one another. The laminar air intake stream traveling from the supply input module passes through a stoichiometric unit body to meet with a first combustion stream from an air-fuel mixing chamber within the stoichiometric unit body to define a second combustion stream. The second combustion stream then travels across the refractory passageway to define a third combustion stream.

Abstract: A storage system for storing hydrogen and providing controlled release of hydrogen gas includes a container having an outer wall defining an interior. The interior is configured to contain liquid lithium hydride, and a portion of the outer wall includes a thermally insulating layer. The storage system also includes a temperature control system configured to maintain the interior at a temperature such that the lithium hydride decomposes to produce hydrogen gas at a substantially equilibrium state.

Abstract: Stabilized palladium (+1) compounds to mimic rhodium's electronic configuration and catalytic properties are disclosed. Palladium (+1) compounds may be stabilized in perovskite or delafossite structures and may be employed in Three-Way Catalysts (TWC) for at least the conversion of HC, CO and NOx, in exhaust gases. The TWC may include a substrate, a wash-coat and, a first impregnation layer, a second impregnation layer and an over-coat. The second impregnation layer and the over-coat may include palladium (+1) based compounds as catalyst.

Abstract: Described herein are embodiments of systems and methods for oxidizing gases. In some embodiments, a reaction chamber is configured to receive a fuel gas and maintain the gas at a temperature within the reaction chamber that is above an autoignition temperature of the gas. The reaction chamber may also be configured to maintain a reaction temperature within the reaction chamber below a flameout temperature. In some embodiments, heat and product gases from the oxidation process can be used, for example, to drive a turbine, reciprocating engine, and injected back into the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A burner box includes a housing, a fuel tube and a porous heat dissipating surface. The housing is bounded by a sidewall and has a top and an opposite bottom that are each open so that the sidewall defines an open passage that allows unimpeded vertical airflow. The fuel tube extends into the passage and defines a plurality of spaced apart orifices that distribute fuel into the open passage. The fuel tube is at a distance from the top of the housing so that substantially all of the fuel is entrained by the combustion air before the fuel reaches the top. The heat dissipating surface is disposed across the top of the housing and supports a flame. The heat dissipating surface includes enough open area so that the fuel/air mixture passes through the porous heat dissipating surface unimpeded. The heat dissipating surface dissipates heat from the flame and prevents flashback.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an apparatus and method utilizing fuel reactor comprised of a fuel section, an oxygen carrier section, and a porous divider separating the fuel section and the oxygen carrier section. The porous divider allows fluid communication between the fuel section and the oxygen carrier section while preventing the migration of solids of a particular size. Maintaining particle segregation between the oxygen carrier section and the fuel section during solid fuel gasification and combustion processes allows gases generated in either section to participate in necessary reactions while greatly mitigating issues associated with mixture of the oxygen carrier with char or ash products. The apparatus and method may be utilized with an oxygen uncoupling oxygen carrier such as CuO, Mn3O4, or Co3O4, or utilized with a CO/H2 reducing oxygen carrier such as Fe2O3.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic reforming assembly. The method includes injecting a quantity of oxidizer gas and a quantity of combustion gas into a reformer to form a mixture. The mixture is channeled across a catalyst bed to form a reformate gas stream. A temperature of the catalyst bed is measured using at least one temperature sensor. A level of the oxidizer gas in the reformate stream is measured using at least one oxidizer gas sensor. A health of the catalyst bed is determined based on at least one of a catalyst bed temperature measurement and an oxidizer gas level.

Abstract: A device is presented and described for the use of oxygen for the thermochemical gasification of biomass in at least one fluidised bed reactor, a heater being arranged in the fluidised bed of the fluidised bed reactor and the fluidised bed reactor being heatable by at least partial oxidation of a combustible gas with oxygen.

Abstract: A supported precious metal catalyst for the high-temperature combustion of a hydrocarbon includes 1-10% by weight in total of one or more precious metals on a refractory metal oxide support material, and 1-20% by weight in total of one or more stabilizing metals selected from rare earths and Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA of the periodic table of the elements, wherein at least part of the precious metal is present as a mixed metal oxide with one or more of the stabilizing metals.

Abstract: A device for burning a fuel/oxidant mixture in a strongly exothermic reaction, consists of a reactor with a combustion chamber containing at least one first porous material and at least one second porous material in separate zones A and C. The zones are designed in such a way that an exothermic reaction can only occur in zone B, and with one or more feed lines for the fuel and for the oxidant, whereby zone A, which consists of the first porous material, is separated by a distance of approximately 10 mm to 4000 mm, for example approximately 20 mm to 500 mm, equating to one zone B, from zone C which consists of the second porous material and is located before zone C in a flow direction of the fuel/oxidant mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for chemical-looping combustion of a hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, comprising: contacting oxygen-carrying material particles coming from a reduction zone R0 with an oxidizing gas stream in a reactive oxidation zone R1, separating the fly ashes, the fines and the oxygen-carrying material particles within a mixture coming from zone R1 in a dilute phase separation zone S2, the driving force required for dilute phase elutriation in S2 being provided by the oxidizing gas stream from reactive oxidation zone R1. Optionally, partitioning is carried out in a dedusting zone S4, then possibly in a dense phase elutriation separation zone S5. The invention also relates to a chemical-looping combustion plant allowing said method to be implemented.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel reactor adapted for carrying out chemical reactions at temperatures of up to 1600° C., and at pressures of up to 100 bars. The reactor of the invention has two vessels surrounding the reaction zone, an inner vessel constituted by a refractory material and an outer vessel surrounding the inner vessel and constituted by an insulating material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for chemical-looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon-containing feedstock, wherein the ashes and fines are removed at the outlet of reactive oxidation zone R1 by sending transported phase (5) coming from reactive zone R1, comprising gas and solid, to a gas-solid separation zone S2, then by sending solid stream (7) coming from gas-solid separation zone S2 to a dense phase elutriation separation zone S3 fluidized by a non-reducing gas (8) allowing the fines and the fly ashes to be separated from the oxygen-carrying material particles. Optionally, deeper separation is carried out in a dedusting zone S5 arranged downstream from dense phase elutriation separation zone S3. The invention also relates to a chemical-looping combustion plant allowing the method according to the invention to be implemented.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for chemical-looping combustion of a solid hydrocarbon-containing feed using a particular configuration of the reduction zone with: a first reaction zone R1 operating under dense fluidized bed conditions; a second reaction zone R2; a fast separation zone S3 for separation of the unburnt solid feed particles, of fly ashes and of the oxygen-carrying material particles within a mixture coming from zone R2; fumes dedusting S4; a particle stream division zone D7, part of the particles being directly recycled to first reaction zone R1, the other part being sent to an elutriation separation zone S5 in order to collect the ashes through a line 18 and to recycle the dense particles through a line 20 to first reaction zone R1. The invention also relates to a chemical-looping combustion plant allowing said method to be implemented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for burning hydrocarbons or other combustible liquids and gases, the apparatus (APP) has been provided with at least one inlet for a liquid and/or gaseous fuel (FUE) and air (AIR) and at least one outlet (EXHG) for gases for removing the gases (EXHG) generated in the apparatus (APP), at least one measurement and adjustment unit (C) for adjusting the amount of fuel (FUE) and air (AIR), at least one pre-combustion zone (Cz11, Cz12, Tz1) for the partial combustion of gases, and at least one post-combustion zone (Tz2, Cz21, Cz22) for the combustion of gases generated in pre-combustion, for the reduction of NOx's produced in pre-combustion, and/or for the oxidation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions.

Abstract: In a device or method to fix print images on a recording material, a printing fluid comprising a carrier fluid and chromophoric solid particles are applied to the recording material, the chromophoric solid particles being applied in a form of the print images to be fixed. Hot waste gas and infrared radiation are generated with aid of a porous burner. The infrared radiation is directed towards the recording material in a drying chamber such that the carrier fluid polymerizes or is vaporized, whereby a gaseous air/oil mixture arises in the drying chamber. The air/oil mixture is influenced with aid of the hot waste gas of the porous burner.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an oxygen carrier comprised of a plurality of metal oxide particles in contact with a plurality of MgO promoter particles. The MgO promoter particles increase the reaction rate and oxygen utilization of the metal oxide when contacting with a gaseous hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 725° C. The promoted oxide solid is generally comprised of less than about 25 wt. % MgO, and may be prepared by physical mixing, incipient wetness impregnation, or other methods known in the art. The oxygen carrier exhibits a crystalline structure of the metal oxide and a crystalline structure of MgO under XRD crystallography, and retains these crystalline structures over subsequent redox cycles. In an embodiment, the metal oxide is Fe2O3, and the gaseous hydrocarbon is comprised of methane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for advantageously efficiently treating a sulfureous combustible effluent stream by recovering the sulfur in elemental form. This process consists especially of the succession of two steps: a step of combustion of the sulfureous combustible effluent stream with an oxidant gas in excess, a step of post-combustion of the effluents from the combustion step with an acidic gas. The stream of the post-combustion effluents, free of chemical compounds that are harmful to the efficacy of the Claus catalysts, is treated in a Claus unit which performs the recovery of the sulfur in elemental form.

Abstract: A catalytic tank heater includes a removably attached catalytic heater cartridge having catalytic material. The heater is attached to an LPG tank to position the catalytic heater cartridge to face the tank. The catalytic heater cartridge covers a plenum chamber of the catalytic tank heater. A fuel distribution header and heating element are positioned within the plenum chamber and are controlled to initiate combustion of the catalytic material to heat the tank. Vapor from the tank is provided as fuel to the catalytic tank heater, and is regulated to increase heat output as tank pressure drops. The catalytic heater cartridge can be replaced with a new cartridge while at the location of the tank on a property.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for treatment of unburnts in a flue stream 9 of a chemical looping combustion system. Unburnts present in the flue stream 9 are treated after CO2 is removed from the flue stream in a gas processing unit 13. As shown in FIG. 2, oxidation of the unburnts occurs primarily in an air reactor 2 in the presence of air 1, allowing the system to maintain CO2 capture effectiveness and removing the need for creation of enriched or pure oxygen 11.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for enhanced fuel combustion to maximize the capture of by-product carbon dioxide. According to various embodiments of the invention, a method for combusting fuel in a two-stage process is provided, which includes in-situ oxygen generation. In-situ oxygen generation allows for the operation of a second oxidation stage to further combust fuel, thus maximizing fuel conversion efficiency. The integrated oxygen generation also provides an increased secondary reactor temperature, thereby improving the overall thermal efficiency of the process. The means of in-situ oxygen is not restricted to one particular embodiment, and can occur using an oxygen generation reactor, an ion transport membrane, or both. A system configured to the second stage combustion method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel reformer is provided that is capable of improving endurance and performance. The fuel reformer includes a first burner having a first-burner first end, a first-burner second end, and a first opening formed in the first-burner first end; a second burner surrounding the first burner and having a second-burner second end, a second-burner second end, and a second opening in the second-burner first end, wherein the second-burner second end is coupled to the first-burner second end to communicate a fluid. The reforming reactor is configured to generate heat from the first and second burners, and has a fuel supply including a nozzle unit in the first burner and supplies a second oxidation fuel from the outside to the first burner. A first oxidation fuel is introduced into the first opening and flows through the first burner in a first direction and flows through the second burner in a third direction opposite to the first direction.

Abstract: Control and regulation system of a combustion unit (10) of the type comprising a combustion chamber (11) and a catalyst (40), the control and regulation system comprising: -an acquisition device of signals proportional to functioning parameters characteristic of the functioning state of the combustion unit (10), an electronic data processing unit (30) connected to the signal acquisition device from which it receives signals, a control and regulation program associated with said electronic data processing unit (30), a first fuel distribution valve (20), a second air distribution valve (21), a data base associated with said electronic data processing unit (30), the electronic data processing unit (30) receives signals from the signal acquisition device, processes them and regulates the opening of the first valve (20) and second valve (21) to minimize the polluting emissions of CO and Nox of the combustion unit (10).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method and reactor of chemical looping combustion involving at least two gases in a reactor in which: said at least two gases are conveyed to a reactor fluid inlet center which is divided in at least two sectors; said at least two gases flow radially outward into an oxygen carrier bed that surrounds said fluid inlet center, said oxygen carrier bed comprising an active material, in which at least one reaction takes place between said active material and said at least two gases; effluents from said at least one reaction are conveyed to an outer compartment of the reactor, said compartment being divided in two sections by means of two radially extending partition walls, said fluid inlet center, said oxygen carrier bed and said outer compartment are rotating relative to each other.

Abstract: A pressurized oxy-combustion circulating fluidized bed power plant having a circulating fluidized bed boiler is provided. A combustion chamber of the boiler is in fluid communication with a separator and configured so that solids produced during combustion enter the separator. The power plant further includes an air separation unit that is in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The air separation unit is configured to supply substantially pure oxygen to the combustion chamber at a pressure greater than 1 bar. An external heat exchanger is in fluid communication with the separator and in fluid communication with the combustion chamber. The external heat exchanger is configured so that a portion of the solids received in the separator pass through the external heat exchanger and transfer heat to a working fluid, after which the solids are returned to the combustion chamber to moderate or control the temperature in the combustion chamber.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for enhancing heavy oil recovery using fixed-bed chemical looping combustion processes that incorporate carbon dioxide capture and/or sequestration. A fixed-bed chemical looping combustion process is provided for generating heat and carbon dioxide. The heat thus generated may be employed in thermal recovery techniques such as SAGD to enhance recovery of heavy oils. Additionally or alternatively, the carbon dioxide produced by the process may be sequestered, captured, employed as a tertiary recovery technique, or any combination thereof. Advantages of certain embodiments include one or more of the following advantages: lower cost, relatively high conversion rates, and high theoretical efficiency of carbon dioxide capture.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a method for enhancing the operation of a circulating mass reactor (1), which circulating mass reactor (1) comprises a fluidized-bed chamber (8) provided with a fluidized bed (108), means for separating fluidized material (80) from the flue gases, and a return conduit system (15, 16, 19) including at least one cooled return conduit (15, 16). In the method, for the combustion of fuel taking place in the circulation mass reactor (1) is provided a lower combustion chamber (89), which comprises a fluidized-bed chamber (8), and an upper combustion chamber (11) and a flow conduit (10) connecting them. The flow conduit (10), the means for separating the fluidized material (80) from the fuel gases and the return conduit system (15, 16, 19) are arranged to be located essentially between the lower combustion chamber (89) and the upper combustion chamber (11).

Abstract: The disclosure provides an oxygen carrier comprised of a plurality of metal oxide particles in contact with a plurality of MgO promoter particles. The MgO promoter particles increase the reaction rate and oxygen utilization of the metal oxide when contacting with a gaseous hydrocarbon at a temperature greater than about 725° C. The promoted oxide solid is generally comprised of less than about 25 wt. % MgO, and may be prepared by physical mixing, incipient wetness impregnation, or other methods known in the art. The oxygen carrier exhibits a crystalline structure of the metal oxide and a crystalline structure of MgO under XRD crystallography, and retains these crystalline structures over subsequent redox cycles. In an embodiment, the metal oxide is Fe2O3, and the gaseous hydrocarbon is comprised of methane.

Abstract: A gas-fired air conditioning furnace has a cavity burner configured to combust an air-fuel mixture at least partially within an interior space of the cavity burner. A method of operating a gas-fired furnace by flowing an air-fuel mixture into a cavity burner through a perforated wall of the cavity burner, combusting at least a portion of the air-fuel mixture within an interior space of the cavity burner, and flowing at least partially combusted air-fuel mixture into a heat exchanger. A gas-fired air conditioning device has a cavity burner that has a cylindrically shaped body and a cap on a first end of the body, each of the body and the cap being perforated. The device has a cylindrically shaped heat exchanger inlet tube and the cavity burner is at least partially concentrically received within the heat exchanger inlet tube.

Abstract: A portable catalytic combustion heater, wherein fuel vapor (11) and air (10) are supplied to a catalyst (6) which promotes the flameless combustion of fuel and releases that. The fuel is supplied as a liquid, passes through a selectively permeable membrane (8) such as fuel vapor exits the membrane and is fed to the catalyst (6). Additional features include porous supports and means of enhancing and diminishing the catalytic rate of combustion and controlling the heat output.

Abstract: An indoor-outdoor gas infrared heater having one or more heat level settings. The heater includes a burner having ceramic plaques with a plurality of perforations and raised surfaces tapering into an apex between the perforations and an operating system having a control module electrically connected to a control valve, a power source and an activator for triggering the heater. The control valve has multiple pathways with each pathway supplying gas to the burner at a flow rate for a designated heat level setting. The heater has compartments for protecting the components from the heat coming from the burner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for burning a fluid fuel, in which fuel is reacted in a catalytic reaction, whereupon catalytically pre-reacted fuel continues to be burned in a secondary reaction. A swirling component is impressed onto the pre-reacted fuel, allowing the secondary reaction to be ignited in a spatially controlled manner, resulting in complete burnout. The invention further relates to a burner for burning a fluid fuel, in which the fuel outlet of a catalytic burner is disposed upstream of the fuel outlet of a primary burner in the direction of flow of the fuel within a flow channel such that the fuel is catalytically reacted. The catalytic burner is provided with a number of catalytically effective elements which are arranged such that a vortex is created in the flow channel. The invention can be applied particularly to combustion chambers of gas turbines.

Abstract: A dual chamber burner assembly is provided for use with a heater apparatus having dual combustion air premix blowers. The burner assembly includes first and second interior zones communicated with first and second foraminous outer wall portions. First and second fuel and air inlet passages are communicated with the first and second interior zones, respectively.

Abstract: The proper sizing of microchannel dimensions and the management of internal features offer the possibility of inherently safe operation within the flammable limits of a combustible fluid stream while preserving the largest-possible flow dimensions for industrial-scale process capacity. Specifically, the microchannel dimensions need not be restricted to gap distances below the quenching distance to be operated safely. Microchannel performance can be engineered to provide adequate heat transfer for flame propagation. However, it is essential to maintain flame characteristics in such a manner that it cannot transition to a detonation flame front. A detonation takes place when the combustion wave propagates at supersonic speeds at the existing local temperature and pressure conditions in the system. It results in a much larger energy release over a much smaller period of time as compared to a laminar flame or deflagration, the later of which is a combustion wave propagating at subsonic speed.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of delivering vaporized alcohol fuel through a thermally conductive porous nozzle to a catalytic burner with a plasma cavity and a surrounding porous catalytic cavity with fuel vapor and air supplied separately and inter diffusing into each other from different routes to the catalyst to achieve an efficient, steady, and complete combustion of the hydrogen bearing fuels. This heating system with passive auto thermostatic behavior, coupled to thermopiles, heat pipes and fluid heating systems may provide useful heat and electricity to applications of floors, roadways, runways, electronics, refrigerators, machinery, automobiles, structures, and fuel cells.

Abstract: A field ration packaging assembly includes a ration housing and a food tray. The ration housing includes a lid panel having at least one air exhaust vent and a wall panel having at least one intake vent. The food tray may be positioned above a heat source. The at least one air exhaust vent and at least one air intake vent may be in fluid communication such that upon activation of the heat source, air enters the ration housing through the at least one air intake vent, passes over the heat source and exits the ration housing at the at least one exhaust vent by natural convection.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of utilizing a catalyst system for an oxidation process on a gaseous hydrocarbon stream with a mitigation of carbon accumulation. The system is comprised of a catalytically active phase deposited onto an oxygen conducting phase, with or without supplemental support. The catalytically active phase has a specified crystal structure where at least one catalytically active metal is a cation within the crystal structure and coordinated with oxygen atoms within the crystal structure. The catalyst system employs an optimum coverage ratio for a given set of oxidation conditions, based on a specified hydrocarbon conversion and a carbon deposition limit. Specific embodiments of the catalyst system are disclosed.

Abstract: The object of the invention is a combustion method for a solid feed using a chemical loop wherein an oxygen-carrying material circulates, said method comprising at least: contacting the solid feed particles in the presence of metallic oxide particles in a first reaction zone (R1) operating in dense fluidized bed mode, carrying out combustion of the gaseous effluents from first reaction zone (R1) in the presence of metallic oxide particles in a second reaction zone (R2), separating in a separation zone (S3) the unburnt particles and the metallic oxide particles within a mixture coming from second reaction zone (R2), re-oxidizing the metallic oxide particles in an oxidation zone (R4) prior to sending them back to first zone (R1).

Abstract: A fluidized-bed reactor system with at least two fluidized-bed reactors, each being a circulating fluidized bed, a particle line with a particle separator for transferring fluidized-bed particles from the first to the second reactor, and a particle line exiting at the lower half of the second reactor for transferring fluidized-bed particles back to the first reactor, wherein, at least in the second reactor, two or more reaction zones separated by one or more flow controllers and that the particle line opens into the second reactor above at least one flow controller.

Abstract: A waste treatment technique includes: blowing a fluidizing gas from around a mixture discharge port to form a first fluidization region having a degree of fluidization of the fluidizable particles which is set to an extent allowing waste to be accumulated on fluidizable particles, while blowing a fluidizing gas between the first fluidization region and an opposite-side wall at a higher flow velocity to form a second fluid region having a degree of fluidization of fluidizable particles greater than that in the first fluidization region, whereby the fluidizable particles are mixed with the waste to gasify the waste; and supplying waste from a supply-side sidewall portion onto the fluidized bed to cause the waste to be accumulated on the first fluidization region while causing the accumulated waste to be moved into the second fluidization region step-by-step.