Abstract: A fire display assembly has a burner tray optionally located within a hollow space in the interior of a non-flammable structure. A porous element on or in the non-flammable structure has extensions from a lower surface thereof extending into fuel in the burner tray. The assembly can include a fuel tray connected to the burner tray by conduits which provide flow channels for liquid fuel between the trays. When a container of liquid fuel is placed in the fuel tray the fuel is dispensed and flows into the burner tray. Fuel in the tray is transmitted to the outer surface of the porous element. Flammable vapors from the liquid fuel at the outer surface are then ignited. The arrangement provides a continuous feed of fuel to the surface of the non-flammable structure and allows safe replenishment of the fuel in the burner while the flame is present.

Abstract: A fluidized bed boiler plant and a method of combusting sulfurous fuel in the fluidized bed boiler plant, a furnace of which plant is provided with a fluidized bed of particles. Sulfurous fuel, CaCO3-containing sulphur-binding agent and combusting air are introduced to the bed of particles, whereby fuel burns and generates flue gases and the sulphur-binding agent calcinates to CaO and binds SO2 generated in the combustion. Energy is recovered to a heat exchange medium circulating in heat exchange tubes of a condensing heat exchanger arranged in a flue gas channel, and a water solution of acid condensing on outer surfaces is neutralized by mixing it in a mixing vessel to a CaO-containing ash from a plant, preferably, fly ash collected by a dust separator.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided for protecting a catalyst within a combustor. In one embodiment, a catalytic reactor includes a protective coating that may be chemically removed or mechanically removed while the catalytic reactor is disposed in a combustor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing particulates within an exhaust flow are provided. The methods and apparatus utilize a soot sensor that includes opposed electrodes separated by an insulator. Preferably, a gap is formed between the electrodes and the insulator to prevent electrical current from flowing therebetween. The soot sensor, when positioned in an exhaust flow, will accumulate a layer of particulates on an outer surface thereof. As the layer of particulates increases the particulates will bridge the two electrodes permitting current flow. The sensor is configured with a proper geometry and potential difference between the electrodes to generate currents in the milli-amp range. Further, the sensor is configured to have a regenerative effect that causes the bridge to be broken when particles sees to impinge the soot sensor.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the volumetric reduction of organic liquids. The methods comprise admixing a porous matrix material with an organic liquid to produce a mixture, forcing oxidant through the mixture, and initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic liquid or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion. Yet further embodiments comprise the batch addition of a fuel additive to the aggregate prior to smoldering to ensure that the ensuing smoldering combustion is self-sustaining or of the required temperature to reduce or remove other contaminants in the matrix or organic liquid such as heavy metals or asbestos.

Abstract: A gas burner including a burner body having a lower housing, an inlet conduit and a combustion surface element attached to the lower housing. A diffuser/reflector positioned within the body encourages even distribution and mixing of a combustible gas/air mixture. The diffuser/reflector is preferably of a sheet metal construction and includes a plurality of stamped openings with each of these openings having an overhanging guide plate. The combustion surface element includes a plurality of integrally formed rigidizing ribs and is made from a high temperature steel alloy wire cloth. The inlet conduit is secured directly or indirectly to an access door/bulkhead that is used to close off an access opening formed in a water heater wall through which the burner is installed. In one construction, an air scoop shrouds the inlet conduit and at least partially defines a flow path of primary air, substantially isolated from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of feeding at least one of light, fine and moist fuel into a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Fuel is fed into the furnace through a fuel feed and the fuel is combusted in a turbulent, circulating fluidized bed. A fuel feed area is isolated from the turbulent circulating bed by arranging the fuel feed along at least one channel arranged in a wall of the furnace. Solids of the circulating bed material are introduced onto a first grid section at the bottom of the fuel feed area. The fuel and the solids are mixed and fluidized above the grid section to form a fuel-solids mixture that flows laterally onto a second grid section and a third grid section where the mixture is fluidized. The fluidized bed material is circulated both inside and outside of the furnace. The bed material is separated from the flue gases and returned to the furnace.

Abstract: A method of feeding at least one of light, fine, volatile and moist fuel into a furnace of a circulating fluidized bed boiler. Fuel is introduced into the furnace and is combusted in the presence of a fluidized bed material to form flue gases. The fluidized bed material is circulated both inside the furnace in an internal circulation in which bed material returns along walls of the furnace down to the bottom of the furnace, and outside the furnace in an external circulation that includes at least a solids separator arranged in flow communication with the furnace. Bed material is separated from the flue gases in the separator. The flue gases are removed from the separator for further treatment. The separated bed material is returned to the furnace.

Abstract: An assembly (45) includes a plurality of separate pie-shaped segments (72) forming a disk (70) around a central region (48) for retaining a plurality of tubes (46) in a concentrically spaced apart configuration. Each segment includes a support member (94) radially extending along an upstream face (96) of the segment and a plurality of annularly curved support arms (98) transversely attached to the support member and radially spaced apart from one another away from the central region for receiving respective upstream end portions of the tubes in arc-shaped spaces (100) between the arms. Each segment also includes a radial passageway (102) formed in the support member for receiving a fluid segment portion (106) and a plurality of annular passageways (104) formed in the support arms for receiving respective arm portions (108) of the fluid segment portion from the radial passageway and for conducting the respective arm portions into corresponding annular spaces (47) formed between the tubes retained by the disk.

Abstract: A method for of reducing the acidity and lowering the acid dewpoint of flue gas, the method steps including partially combusting the fuel in a first stage to create a reducing environment; maintaining the reducing environment for a sufficient time period such that reducible acids are reduced to achieve a desirable acidity concentration in the flue gas; and combusting the remainder of the fuel and combustion intermediates in a second stage with oxidizing environment; thereby decreasing the acidity and lowering the acid dewpoint of the flue gas by reducing the acid concentration of the gas.

Abstract: A chemical looping combustion process for producing heat or steam or both from a hydrocarbon fuel. A metal oxide oxygen carrier is reduced from an initial oxidation state in a first reduction reaction with a hydrocarbon fuel to provide CO2, H2O, heat, and a reduced metal or metal oxide having a first reduced state, the first reduced state lower than the initial oxidation state, and then the reduced metal or metal oxide from the first reduced state is further reduced in a second reduction reaction with additional hydrocarbon fuel to provide CO2, H2O, heat, and a further reduced metal or metal oxide having a second reduced state, the second reduced state lower than the first reduced state. The further reduced metal or metal oxide is oxidized, substantially back to the initial oxidation state with air to produce N2, O2, and heat.

Abstract: A catalytic reactor for a gas turbine engine comprising an air inlet, a premixing zone, a reacting zone comprising a reactive portion and a nonreactive portion, a post reaction mixing zone, a first fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the reactive portion, and a second fuel injection system for introducing fuel into the nonreactive portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heating device for exhaust gas in an internal-combustion engine, which is driven by using LPG, LNG, a volatile oil, a light oil, biodiesel or oxygenated hydrocarbon being DME, the device consisting of a catalyst reactor reformer, an exhaust gas suction section and the second fuel supply device. The exhaust gas suction section is mounted for using oxygen included in the exhaust gas. When the heating device is driven, air and fuels are supplied to the catalyst reactor and the second fuel supply device via a single tube when the heating device is heated. The present invention provides with a heating device for exhaust gas capable of securing the durability of a heating device for exhaust gas and minimizing the amount of air supplied from the outside to the combustion reforming device by excluding carbon depositions in a tube due to a prolysis of LPG, LNG, a volatile oil, a light oil, biodiesel or oxygenated hydrocarbon being DME, and a method for driving the device.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustor having a catalyst bed. The method includes the steps of directing a flow of air through a catalyst bed, providing heat to the catalyst bed, sensing the temperature in an upstream portion of the catalyst bed to provide an upstream temperature, directing a flow of a fuel through the catalyst bed when the upstream temperature reaches a light-off temperature to produce a combustion reaction, increasing the flow of the fuel until the flow of air and the flow of fuel have a selected air to fuel ratio, and controlling the combustion reaction within the catalyst bed by adjusting the flow of air and the flow of fuel while maintaining the selected air to fuel ratio. The method can include sensing temperatures within the catalyst bed and controlling the combustion reaction in response to the sensed temperatures. The heat provided to the catalyst bed can also be adjusted in response to the sensed temperatures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing very pure carbon dioxide containing gas and thermal energy and the use of such apparatus and method are described. The production apparatus (PA) includes at least one catalytic combustion unit (2) with at least one catalytic burner (NCB) for catalytic combustion of fuel, for burning the fuel efficiently at a temperature of 350 to 850° C. in a retention time of 0.01 to 0.1 s, and at least one heat exchanger (RHE, THE) for at least partial transfer of heat from the gas (CO2G) formed in the combustion to the combustion air (AIR) and the fuel (PG) to be supplied into the catalytic burner (NCB). The production apparatus (PA) also includes at least one catalytic after burner (ACB) for at least partial after purification of the gas (CO2G) formed in the combustion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and a method for biomass combustion and simultaneous CO2 capture for capturing the CO2 generated in said combustion to generate a substantially pure CO2 stream (9) which can be subsequently stored. The device comprises a combustor-carbonator reactor (a) which is fed with biomass and air; at least one solids recycling cyclone (b, c) which separates solids (5) returning to the combustor-carbonator and from which there exits a solids and gases stream (4). The device comprises a calciner B which regenerates CaO, a fluidized bed (d) and means for feeding fresh CaCO3 (12) and for purging solids (11).

Abstract: A fire lighter apparatus and method for using the apparatus are described herein. The fire lighter apparatus comprises a containment pot that stores a flammable liquid and a wand torch that removably inserts into the containment pot. The wand torch includes a shaft, a handle at one end of the shaft, and an igniting head located at an opposing end of the shaft. The igniting head is removably affixed to the shaft through a non-threaded fastener. This fastener includes a first and a second component, which generally positions the igniting head. The handle further comprises a bended loop, which faces upward when the wand torch is laying flat upon a horizontal surface. The method for using the fire lighter comprises submerging the wand torch in the flammable fluid within the containment pot and lighting the igniting head attached after removal from the flammable fluid within the containment pot.

Abstract: A fluidized chamber with a coarse layer of refractory particles and a fine layer of refractory particles along with a fluidizing gas inlet connected to a fluidizing gas supply. The fluidizing bed does not have a distributor and fluidizing gas is passed through the fluidized bed at a flow rate to fluidize the fine layer particles but not to fluidize the coarse layer. Preferably, the fluidized bed is a heat treating furnace, the fluidizing gas is combustible and objects to be heat treated are fed through the fluidizing chamber on a continuous basis. A method of operating a fluidized bed is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radiant gas burner device comprising a first cylindrical chamber (1) and a first injector (2) for feeding the first chamber with a combustible gas mixture, the first chamber (1) comprising an external peripheral heating surface (10). The device of the invention further comprises a second cylindrical and hollow second chamber, and a second injector (4) for feeding the second chamber with a combustible gas mixture, the second chamber being positioned inside the first chamber (1), separated from the first chamber by a sealed wall, and having an internal heating surface (30), and the first and second injectors (2, 4) being designed for separately feeding the first and second chambers, independently of each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device and to an improved method for chemical looping combustion of at least one liquid hydrocarbon feed, comprising: mixing the liquid feed with an atomization gas so as to feed it into a metal oxide transport zone (2), upstream from combustion zone (3), through atomization means (6) allowing to form finely dispersed liquid droplets in the atomization gas; spraying the liquid feed in form of droplets into contact with at least part of the metal oxides in transport zone (2), the operating conditions in transport zone (2) being so selected that the superficial gas velocity after spraying the liquid feed is higher than the transport velocity of the metal oxide particles; sending all of the effluents from transport zone (2) to a combustion zone (3) allowing reduction of the metal oxides, said combustion zone (3) comprising at least one dense-phase fluidized bed. The invention can be advantageously applied to CO2 capture and energy production.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for mixing at least two separate fluid flows (2, 3), in particular for a burner of a power plant. To improve the mixing, a plurality of swirl flows (7, 8), which are annular and concentric with respect to a longitudinal center line (6), are generated from the fluid flows (2, 3), in such a manner that radially adjacent swirl flows (7, 8) have opposite directions of rotation.

Abstract: A catalyzer for burning part of a gaseous fuel/oxidant mixture, in particular for a burner of a power plant installation, has catalytically active channels and catalytically inactive channels and at least two sectors are arranged consecutively in the main flow direction. The sectors include a first sector defining an inlet sector and at least one following sector that includes one or more of a mixing sector arranged downstream from the inlet sector and an outlet sector. Further, the catalyzer has one or more of a smaller flow resistance in the inlet sector than any following sector, a higher catalytic activity in the inlet sector than any following sector, a plurality of holes in the mixing sector oriented transversely to the main flow direction and through which adjoining channels communicate, and a swirl generator in the outlet sector that provides a swirl to a gas mixture flowing through the outlet sector.

Abstract: Apparatus for the combustive destruction of noxious substances comprises an annular combustion zone (C14) surrounded by the exit surface of an inwardly fired foraminous burner (C32) and surrounding the exit surface of an outwardly fired foraminous burner (C42), means (C12) for injecting a gas stream containing at least one noxious substance into the combustion zone, and means for supplying fuel gas and oxidant to the foraminous burners to effect combustion at the exit surfaces.

Abstract: A wire mesh burner plate for use in large, gas burners for large ovens is comprised of spaced-apart wire mesh plates. The spacing between the wire mesh plates defines an air/fuel mixture space. The fuel passes through the lower or first mesh, experiences a pressure drop, mixes with air and passes through a second wire mesh. The gas combusts after passing through the second wire mesh. The fine gauge of the mesh prevents combustion from flowing backwardly into the fuel/air mixture space. Several individual wire mesh burner plates can be flexibly attached to each other such that a very wide space can be covered. Thermal stresses are reduced by being distributed across multiple burners.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a device which utilizes catalytic microcombustion for the production of heat or power and which exhibits a low pressure drop and has a high catalytic surface area. The catalytic microcombustor includes catalyst inserts in the reaction chamber separated by a sub millimeter distance. Thermal spreaders ensure temperature uniformity and maximum thermal efficiency. A mixing zone is prior to the combustion zone. Thermally conductive and/or insulating inserts are in the vicinity of the reaction zone.

Abstract: A burner apparatus utilizes a reticulated member to promote mixing of a fuel and oxidizer mixture. A plurality of exit ports, disposed on a wall or surface encapsulating the reticulated member, defines exit streams of the mixture that produces flames upon combustion. The burner apparatus have high heating rates and turndown ratios of at least about 18:1.

Abstract: A combustor apparatus and method for the combustion of viscous fuels are provided. The combustor apparatus can include a precombustion chamber particularly adapted to heat and at least partially combust a heavy primary fuel, and a main combustion chamber adapted to combust the primary fuel uniformly through the main combustion chamber (in flameless mode). The precombustion chamber can include at least one air injection inlet port positioned to induce a first stage vortex in the main body portion of the housing of the precombustion chamber. Further, the precombustion chamber can be interfaced with a main combustion chamber to induce a second stage vortex within the main combustion chamber. The main combustion chamber can have an extended axial length in order to accommodate heavier fuels that require additional time to sufficiently combust (oxidize) within the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A water heater apparatus includes a fuel-air transfer arm connecting a blower outlet to a burner inlet. The transfer arm includes a continuously curved 180° bend portion and at least one inwardly extending internal flow disrupter located in the 180° bend portion for improving fuel-air mixture distribution across the burner inlet.

Abstract: An afterburner device and a method for operating an afterburner device, especially for chemical reformers for obtaining hydrogen, for making heat available from fuels and/or residual gases from a reforming process and/or a fuel cell process. In this context, heat is supplied in a controlled manner from recirculated combustion gases to a first housing and/or a combustion chamber situated in it and at least in part filled with heat resistant, open-pored foamed ceramics. The regulation takes place, for instance, based on a temperature recorded in the combustion chamber using an infrared light measurement.

Abstract: A burner device having a burner chamber (26) filled at least partially by a porous body (28), an evaporation zone (12) upstream of the burner chamber (26) for evaporating liquid fuel supplied via a fuel inlet line (16), an igniter (30) for igniting a combustion mixture of evaporated liquid fuel and combustion air supplied via a combustion air inlet line (18) to the evaporation zone (12) as well as an exhaust discharge (38) downstream of the combustion chamber (26). A mixing zone (20) is disposed between the evaporation zone (14) and the combustion chamber (26) in which fuel gas is introduced via a fuel gas inlet line (22, 24) and is mixed with the combustion air and/or the combustion mixture. The burner device can be used as an afterburner in a fuel cell stack.

Abstract: This invention relates to a solid oxide fuel cell system comprising at least one longitudinally extending tubular solid oxide fuel cell and a longitudinally extending heater mounted in thermal proximity to the fuel cell to provide heat to the fuel cell during start up and during operation as needed. The heater and fuel cell can be encased within a tubular thermal casing; the inside of the casing defines a first reactant chamber for containing a first reactant, such as oxidant. The fuel cell comprises a ceramic solid state electrolyte layer and inner and outer electrode layers concentrically arranged around and sandwiching the electrolyte layer. The outer electrode layer is fluidly communicable with the first reactant, and the inner electrode layer is fluidly isolated from the first reactant and fluidly communicable with a second reactant, such as fuel.

Abstract: A gas-fired burner unit for providing combustion and infrared radiation includes at least one plenum for receiving at least the gas, and at least one perforated metal plate mounted for receiving at least the gas from the plenum and supplying at least the gas to the combustion so that the combustion is proximate the perforated metal plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to inlet elements at disposal devices for process exhaust gases containing pollutants, as are produced in particular in semiconductor component fabrication. The solution is intended to make it possible to avoid deposits in the inlet region for process exhaust gases at disposal devices. To achieve this object, the inlet elements according to the invention are designed in such a way that a porous, gas-permeable wall element, via which an inert gas can be fed into the interior of the inlet element routing process exhaust gas, is present at the inlet element.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon transformations through radical reaction are carried out in presence of: a carbon nano/meso precursor, an aluminium containing support, and a lanthanide catalyst deposited on said aluminium containing support.

Abstract: A wire mesh burner plate for use in large, gas burners for large ovens is comprised of spaced-apart wire mesh plates. The spacing between the wire mesh plates defines an air/fuel mixture space. The fuel passes through the lower or first mesh, experiences a pressure drop, mixes with air and passes through a second wire mesh. The gas combusts after passing through the second wire mesh. The fine gauge of the mesh prevents combustion from flowing backwardly into the fuel/air mixture space. Several individual wire mesh burner plates can be flexibly attached to each other such that a very wide space can be covered. Thermal stresses are reduced by being distributed across multiple burners.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hybrid burner (1) for a combustor (7), in particular of a power plant, comprising a housing (2), in which a full oxidation catalyst (9) and a partial oxidation catalyst (10) are arranged. An inlet side of the housing (2) is connected to at least one oxidizer supply (3) and to at least one fuel supply (4, 5). An outlet side of the housing (2) is connected to a combustion chamber (7).

Abstract: A catalytic combustor is configured to accelerate the combustion processing of anode off gas in the combustor to reduce the amount of unburned hydrogen discharged to the outside of the combustor. Anode off gas and cathode off gas discharged from the fuel cell are fed into the catalytic combustor and combusted with a catalyst. Ventilation air is supplied from inside of the fuel cell is also supplied to the catalytic combustor. A portion of the catalytic combustor located upstream of the catalyst inside is divided into an upper flow path and a lower flow path by a partitioning plate and a gas flow passage is provided upstream of the upper and lower flow paths. The cathode off gas is supplied to the gas flow passage.

Abstract: Mixed oxides catalysts usable in particular in the full oxidation to CO2 and H2O of volatile organic compounds (VOC), in the decomposition of nitrogen protoxide to nitrogen and oxygen and the combustion of CO, H2 and CH4 off gases in fuel cells, comprising oxides of manganese, copper and La2O3 and/or Nd2O3, having a percentage composition by weight expressed as MnO, CuO, La2O3 and/or Nd2O3 respectively of 35-56%, 19-31% and 20-37%. The oxides are supported on inert porous inorganic oxides, preferably alumina.

Abstract: This invention discloses a portable catalytic combustion heater. Fuel vapor and air are supplied to a catalyst which promotes the flameless combustion of the fuel, releasing heat. The fuel is supplied as a liquid, passes through a selectively permeable membrane such that fuel vapor exits the membrane and is fed to the catalyst. Additional features such as porous supports and means of enhancing and diminishing the catalytic rate of combustion and controlling the heat output are also shown. This invention can be used to heat apparel, blankets, food, dwellings, containers, machinery, insect attractants, humidifiers, and perfume generators.

Abstract: The invention relates to a burner arrangement (1) in particular for heating, drying or keeping warm, in particular a distributor (5) of a continuous casting unit and consisting of a flat arrangement of at least one burner (2). The burner(s) (2) is/are embodied as a porous burner (10).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a method and reactor of chemical looping combustion involving at least two gases in a reactor in which: said at least two gases are conveyed to a reactor fluid inlet centre which is divided in at least two sectors; said at least two gases flow radially outward into an oxygen carrier bed that surrounds said fluid inlet center, said oxygen carrier bed comprising an active material, in which at least one reaction takes place between said active material and said at least two gases; effluents from said at least one reaction are conveyed to an outer compartment of the reactor, said compartment being divided in two sections by means of two radially extending partition walls, said fluid inlet centre, said oxygen carrier bed and said outer compartment are rotating relative to each other.

Abstract: Burner for gas oven comprising a device for retaining a flame of the burner, separating the flame from a mixing chamber capable of receiving a flow of primary air and gas to form a gaseous mixture. The flame retention device is provided with a mesh comprising metal threads, capable of allowing said gaseous mixture to pass through the mesh, said mesh comprising at least one main zone and a pilot zone which are adjacent. The pilot zone having, according to a main direction of the flame of the burner, a thickness greater than the thickness of the main zone, capable of slowing down the gaseous mixture passing through the pilot zone relative to the mixture passing through the main zone. The burner comprises at least one orifice capable of receiving a secondary air flow.

Abstract: An open “funnel shaped” Inner Burner inside an open top Outer Casing. The casings closed base has a central hole accommodating the burners small open bottom Ash Exit. The space between the Inner Burner wall and Outer Casing wall forms an Annular Air Plenum that's supplied by an electric variable speed blower. Air enters the Burner Combustion space through perforations in the Burner/Plenum wall. This ensures rapid ignition and controls combustion rate (Temp). This also precipitates ash from burner Ash Exit, through the Ash Chute and into Storage Container fitted to outer casings base. A Radial diffuser centered on the heating surface provides a variable speed Lateral Air Sheet between heating and grill surfaces, instantly blowing “Smoke and Flare-Ups” to the outer burner perimeter. Unit is designed as a “Drop-In” unit to fit a manufacturer BBQ cart suitably equipped to specify basic installation requirements.

Abstract: A catalytic combustion apparatus is equipped with a reactor for catalytically burning a gas to be treated containing a combustible organic compound, which further comprises a condensate forming means for condensing a part of a gas after reaction in the reactor, to form a condensate, and a pH measuring means for measuring a pH of the resultant condensate. It is preferred that the catalytic combustion apparatus still further comprise a temperature adjusting means for adjusting a temperature of at least a catalyst-packed portion of the reactor based on data measured by the pH measuring means.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a hybrid combustor, such as an anode tailgas oxidizer (ATO), for fuel processing applications which combines both flame and catalytic type burners. The hybrid combustor of the present invention combines the advantages of both flame and catalytic type burners. The flame burner component of the hybrid combustor is used during start-up for the preheating of the catalytic burner component. As soon as the catalytic burner bed is preheated or lit off, the flame burner will be shut off. Optionally, the hybrid combustor may also include an integrated heat recovery unit located downstream of the catalytic burner for steam generation and for the preheating of the feed for a reformer, such as an autothermal reformer.

Abstract: An installation for combustion (1) of carbon-containing solids includes an oxide reducing reactor (2), a first cyclone (5), a recuperator (6), an oxidation reactor (3), a second cyclone (4), wherein flows an oxide which is reduced then oxidized in each of the two reactors (2 and 3). In the installation, the fuel is ground before being introduced into the reduction reactor (3). The reduced size of the solid fuel particles enables more complete and faster combustion and enables almost 100% production of fly ashes which are separated from the circulating oxides.

Abstract: A method for operating a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in particular of a power plant is provided. The combustion chamber includes at least one burner with a catalytic pilot burner. The method includes actuating the pilot burner at low power of the combustion chamber, generating a synthesis gas with a high proportion of hydrogen as a reaction product. The method further includes actuating the pilot burner at high power of the combustion chamber, generating a synthesis gas with a low proportion of hydrogen gas. An annular combustion chamber of a gas turbine, is also provided. The combustion chamber includes a plurality of burners distributed annularly. Each burner includes a catalytic pilot burner and a common air supply for the burner and the pilot burner is also provided. The common air supply distributes the supplied air with constant division between the burner and the pilot burner.

Abstract: A system is provided for vaporizing a cryogenic liquid. The system includes means for producing an exhaust gas by flameless thermal oxidation of a fuel. The system also includes means for transferring heat from the exhaust gas to the cryogenic liquid. The heat transferring means is coupled to receive the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas producing means. The means for producing an exhaust gas optionally includes an oxidizer having a matrix bed, a fuel/air mixture inlet positioned to deliver the fuel/air mixture to the matrix bed, and an exhaust outlet positioned to deliver the exhaust gas from the oxidizer to the heat transferring means. The means for transferring heat optionally includes a receptacle configured to hold a heat transfer medium, a conduit for cryogenic liquid extending into the receptacle, and a sparger positioned to deliver exhaust gas from the exhaust gas producing means to the receptacle.

Abstract: The present invention includes an integrated fuel processor subsystem incorporating a thermal combustor, a catalytic combustor, a quasi-autothermal reactor (QATR) and a air-fuel-steam (AFS) mixer to provide a range of operating modes exhibiting performance between that of a pure steam reformer and a pure autothermal reformer to increase the flexibility of the fuel processor to handle transient system demands such as cold starts, suppress emissions and carbon formation and improve efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for generating steam, comprising oxidizing a fuel to generate heat via a flameless reaction; and using the heat generated via the reaction to convert water to steam. In an embodiment, the amount of NOx present is flue gas from the reaction is less than about 10 PPMv. In an embodiment, the reaction temperature is less than about 2600° F. (1430° C.). In an embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the reaction temperature to minimize the formation of NOx. In an embodiment, controlling the reaction temperature further comprises sensing one or more process variables and adjusting a process controller in response to the sensed process variable. Also disclosed herein is a steam generator comprising a reaction zone wherein fuel is oxidized to generate heat via a flameless reaction and a heating zone wherein water is converted to steam via heat from the reaction.