Abstract: The invention relates to a heating burner, in particular a heating burner for the combustion of long chain liquid fuel. The heating burner according to the invention comprises a control device which controls its actuators, namely an ignition device for igniting the fuel, an air delivery device for delivering combustion air and a fuel delivery device for delivering fuel to the ignition device, in such a way that the fuel is ignited at periodically recurring ignition intervals and burns for an adjustable combustion interval, wherein the heating capacity can be regulated at the interval concerned for the duration of the combustion interval by the control device.

Abstract: A device for the multifunctional control of the supply of a combustible gas to a burner apparatus is disclosed and comprises, in a main gas supply duct, an electromagnetically controlled electrovalve with an on/off function, a flow regulator downstream of this electrovalve and comprising a valve seat, a respective shutter associated therewith and controlled by a reversible electric motor, such as a step-by-step motor, for the control of the displacement of the shutter with respect to the valve seat. In the device the intercepted condition of the valve seat is detected and a signal correlated with the detected intercepted condition of the valve seat is generated this signal being adapted to supply the corresponding consent for the control to open or close the electrovalve, in order to enable or prevent the passage of gas through this duct in the phases of ignition and extinction of the burner respectively.

Abstract: A fuel delivering terminal (1) is disclosed adapted to be connected to a delivery end of a combustion lance (3) of lime regenerating ovens, wherein D is the external diameter of the terminal (1) and is greater that the internal diameter d of the delivery end of the combustion lance (3); a combustion lance equipped with the terminal (1) and a system and a process for controlling the fuel supply flow through such lances are also disclosed.

Abstract: Calories of a first mixed gas are predicted by calculations based on the mixed flow rate of a blast furnace gas and the mixed flow rate of a converter gas measured by flow meters, and preset blast furnace gas calories and converter gas calories; the flow rate ratio of the mixed flow rate of a coke oven gas to a gas turbine consumed fuel gas flow rate is calculated based on the predicted calories, set calories, and preset coke oven gas calories; the mixed flow rate required value of the coke oven gas is calculated based on the flow rate ratio and a gas turbine fuel gas requirement signal corresponding to the gas turbine consumed fuel gas flow rate; and the opening of a coke oven gas flow control valve provided in a fuel gas production system is controlled, based on the mixed flow rate required value, to control the mixed flow rate of the coke oven gas.

Abstract: A specific electrode arrangement for a burner already exists with which the flame of the burner is influenced by using electrical fields, whereby these electrical fields pass through only areas of the flame in which a stabilizing and pollutant-reducing action occurs. According to at least one embodiment of the invention, the electrodes used to this end simultaneously serve both as probes for detecting flame properties as well as active field electrodes for influencing the flame properties. The probe signals can react to the voltage applied in an inertia-free manner to the electrodes without the involvement of mechanical elements. According to the associated device equipped with a burner and associated electrodes and with a power supply unit, the power supply unit furnishes a voltage that varies over time, and at least one measuring transducer exists that detects the current generated in the flame by the voltage between both electrodes and provides feedback to the power supply unit after amplification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for detecting a combustion state of a boiler, and more particularly to a boiler and a method capable of exactly detecting an abnormal combustion state of a gas boiler using an air pressure sensor and a flame detection unit, thereby improving efficiency of the boiler.

Abstract: In domestic installations of any type of furnace or equivalent, proof of lean combustion is necessary to satisfy requirements of certification agencies. Exhibiting proof of lean combustion during the operation of an integrated fuel reformer and fuel cell system can be problematic because the point of combustion and its nature may shift during operation. In addition, the preferred ratio of fuel to air in these fuel-reforming systems is often near a stoichiometry of one. In the present invention, the combination of a flame-detecting device, a temperature sensing device and an oxygen or hydrocarbon sensor is used to verify the occurrence of combustion, and show proof of lean combustion.

Abstract: A furnace system responsive to a thermostat includes a pollutant sensor for sensing a pollutant concentration in the furnace system. The pollutant sensor is configured to open when the pollutant concentration reaches a pollutant threshold and close when the pollutant concentration falls below the pollutant threshold. When the thermostat is calling for heat, a furnace controller monitors the pollutant sensor and disables the furnace system for a lockout period if a lockout criterion related to the pollutant sensor is met.

Abstract: A furnace has a process chamber and a burner that is operative to fire a flame into the process chamber with the influence of a flame stabilizer. A bypass apparatus is configured to inject an unignited stream of premix into the process chamber without the influence of a flame stabilizer.

Abstract: A method of enhancing the combustion process by stimulating one or more components of a fuel/air mixture using nuclear resonance to selectively reduce or increase the oxidation of selected components of the combustion reaction, e.g., nitrogen (N-14) or hydrogen (H-1). The method can utilize either nuclear magnetic resonance for H-1 or nuclear quadrupole resonance for N-14. Stimulation of the components can occur before, during, or after the combustion reaction in the combustion area. Stimulation with an electromagnetic pulse can be synchronized with the combustion reaction. A feedback system is used to sense one or more operating parameters of the combustion reaction, and adjust the nuclear resonance stimulation based on sensed operating parameters. For example, if the stimulation is an RF signal having a beginning frequency, this frequency can be adjusted based on sensory information regarding gas levels or temperature in an exhaust stream.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled camera assembly that includes a camera for viewing the combustion process in an industrial gas turbine that further includes a tri-concentric tube assembly, and a window cap positioned at a first end of the tri-concentric tube assembly. The camera may be positioned adjacent to and behind the window cap. The tri-concentric tube assembly may form channels between the tubes that direct the flow of coolant to the camera from an inlet and from the camera to an outlet. The coolant may be water. The window cap may be cylindrical and may not exceed 1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter. The window cap may be brazed quartz.

Abstract: A method of verifying proper operation of an electromagnetic valve. The method includes providing a mechanism to effect opening of the valve, verifying that the valve opened as a result of employing the mechanism to effect opening of the valve and after verifying the valve opened, signaling the valve to close after a first period of time has elapsed. The method further includes, after signaling the valve to close, signaling the valve to re-open after a second period of time has elapsed and detecting the occurrence or non-occurrence of an event associated with the closing or re-opening of the valve.

Abstract: A combustion control method for a burner comprises: the fuel supplying means outputs a given amount of fuel oil to the fuel oil atomizing means; the fuel atomizing means sprays fuel atomized gas; said gas is ignited by the igniter; the amount of air is sent to facilitate burning by the air blowing means; the outputting flow rate of fuel oil and the flow rate of air are adjusted automatically, simultaneously and proportionally by controlling the rotating speed of the electric motors of the fuel supplying means and the air blowing means. An autocontrol burner comprises a main body, an oil pump (2), a blower fan (1), a spray gun (9) and an ignition gun (10), and further comprises a programmable control unit (18), motor speed controller (16, 17) and a signal acquisition assembly. The output port of the signal acquisition assembly is connected with the input port of the programmable control unit (18).

Abstract: In certain embodiments, a pressure regulating device for selectively coupling with a first source or a second source includes a housing defining at least a portion of a first input channel, a second input channel, and an output channel. In some embodiments, the device further includes a first connector configured to couple with the first source such that the first source is in communication with the first input channel. The device also includes a second connector configured to couple with the second source such that the second source is in communication with the second input channel. The device further includes a first regulator configured to regulate flow from the first input channel to the output channel and a second regulator configured to regulate flow from the second input channel to the output channel.

Abstract: A system and method for directional control of generating flame effects. The system includes a flame effect generator having a nozzle and an igniter configured to ignite a flammable substance ejected from the nozzle to generate a flame effect. The system also includes an adjustable mounting system supporting at least a portion of the flame effect generator to directionally control a trajectory of the flame effect.

Abstract: The present invention is directed at systems and methods for detecting flue blockages in an HVAC system without the addition of numerous additional sensor elements, wiring, and connections that can unduly increase the cost and possibly reduce the reliability of the HVAC system. In an illustrative embodiment of the present invention, changes in the output of a flame sensor are used to detect when a likely flue blockage exists.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and apparatus for improved process control in combustion applications, and particularly those relating to the steelmaking industry. An apparatus is provided for process control in a combustion application comprising a laser to transmit a near-infrared laser beam through off-gas produced by the combustion application, a detector to detect the transmitted laser beam and convert the detected laser beam to an electrical signal, and a control system for providing adjustment of select inputs to the combustion application in response to the electrical signal from the detector. The method of this invention comprises transmitting a near-infrared laser beam through off-gas produced by the combustion application, detecting the transmitted laser beam, and adjusting select inputs of the combustion application in response to the detected transmitted laser beam.

Abstract: A control unit for controlling operation of a fuel-fired burner includes a housing having an air inlet which is open to an interior chamber of the housing. An air pump is positioned in the interior chamber of the housing and has an air inlet which is open to the interior chamber of the housing. The air pump generates reduced air pressure in the interior chamber which draws air into the housing and into the pump's inlet. This flow of air cools an electronic controller along with other components position in the housing. The air pump may be operated to draw air from the interior chamber of the housing and supplies the air to a combustion chamber of the fuel-fired burner to facilitate operation of the burner. An associated method of advancing air to a fuel-fired burner is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control system (15) for a burner and a setting-up procedure. The control system (15) controls the air ratio for combustion using the ionisation electrode (16). For calibration, a change is carried out in a first parameter, and the subsequent change in a second parameter is observed. Accurate expected values for the change observed come from stored characteristic data that have been determined in the setting-up procedure, and from taking into account the current combustive content of air and fuel. This allows corrective measures or fault signals to be established.

Abstract: A method, and a system using the method, of controlling a heating device. The method includes combusting a mixture of fuel and air in a sealed combustion chamber thereby forming a reaction zone in which the fuel reacts with the air, and also forming outside of the reaction zone an ion zone in which ions are formed as a result of combustion. The method also includes positioning an ion detecting member in the ion zone, and generating an electrical signal at the ion detecting member in response to an ion concentration in the ion zone. The method also includes detecting a direction reversal of the electrical signal at the ion detecting member, and stopping combusting the mixture in response to the reverse of the direction of the electrical signal.

Abstract: The “fuel-air pressure ratio” combustion control system for maintaining a selected fuel-air ratio for a combustion apparatus supplied with air at a substantially constant volumetric rate is improved by means for adjusting the flow rate of fuel in relation to temperature fluctuations of the air. A temperature sensor positioned in the air stream before it mixes with the fuel is connected to a converter which transmits converted temperature signals from the sensor as adjustments of a remote control, secondary valve in the fuel line downstream of a primary valve regulating the flow of fuel. Fuel temperature fluctuations can also be converted into adjustments of the remote control, secondary valve.

Abstract: The system (1) for controlling the combustion (7) of a cooking oven burner (2), comprises in combination a thermostat valve (3) with a rotary hand knob (4) and a non-electric temperature sensor (6) for modulating the burner flame (7), and an electromagnetic safety valve kept open for ignition, and a electronic module (10) supplying in a first moment a DC power supply to the safety valve (8), which is then maintained open by a thermocouple (9) heated by the main flame (7). A common electrode (18) is provided both for electronic flame detection and ignition. During the burner pre-ignition step, the absence of flame detection signal (If) permits the gas flow (G) to be cut off after a short timed interval, irrespective of the thermocouple response. In the event of the AC power supply being cut off, the thermocouple (9) and the thermostat valve (3) keep the burner modulated independently.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame-monitoring device in which an a.c. input voltage (U1) is limited to a voltage limit (U2) by means of a voltage limiter (4). Said voltage limit (U2) is applied to a flame sensing device (7) which operates by means of the rectifying effect of a flame, and through which a current (i) flows, especially when a flame (6) is present. An asymmetric voltage limit (U2) can be defined by said voltage limiter (4), said limit being then applied to the sensing device (7).

Abstract: A method of operating a fuel-fired burner of an emission abatement assembly includes supplying a reduced amount of fuel to the fuel-fired burner in response to detection of a burner shutdown request. Such a reduced fuel supply continues for a predetermined time period after which fuel is no longer supplied to the burner. The supply of both combustion air and atomization air, along with spark generation, continues for a period of time after the fuel is shutoff. An emission abatement assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel injector (11) supplies liquid fuel to a catalytic combustor (9) of a fuel reforming device during startup of a fuel reforming device. A controller sets the injection amount (Qf) for liquid fuel to a first injection amount (Qf1) during a predetermined time (t1) after starting fuel injection. After the predetermined time, the injection amount (Qf) is set to a second injection amount (Qf2) which is larger than the first injection amount (Qf1). When the elapsed time after starting fuel injection is smaller than a value (t1), the discharged amount of uncombusted fuel is reduced by setting the injection amount (Qf) to a minimum injection amount (Qf1) which allows ignition and combustion in the catalyst.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled fuel valve, especially for a fuel-operated heating burner of a vehicle heating system has at least one valve member (40) that is adjustable as a function of a temperature in the area of a heating burner (30).

Abstract: A raw fuel vaporizing apparatus comprising: a vaporizer for vaporizing liquid raw fuel; a raw fuel introducing device for introducing the liquid raw fuel into the vaporizer; a catalyst combustor into which fuel and air are supplied for catalytic combustion, the catalyst combustor generating heat in the presence of a catalyst and supplying the resulting heat to the vaporizer to vaporize the liquid raw fuel; a fuel introducing device for introducing the fuel into the catalyst combustor; an air introducing device for introducing the amount of the air suitable for catalytic combustion into the catalyst combustor; a heat transferring gas introducing device introducing heat transferring gas into the catalyst combustor to transfer heat retained by the catalyst combustor to the vaporizer; and a controller increasing the amount of the heat transferring gas through the heat transferring gas introducing device when the amount of vapor generated in the vaporizer is increased.

Abstract: A heater includes a handle, a combustion chamber, a valve and a thermal controller. A reservoir for fuel can be installed in the handle. The combustion chamber is mounted on the handle. The valve is received in the handle. The valve defines a passage through which fuel can flow from the reservoir into the combustion chamber for combustion. The thermal controller includes a memory element at least partially received in the combustion chamber and a rod connected between the memory element and the valve for controlling a rate at which fuel can flow through the passage defined in the valve based on the temperature in the combustion chamber. The memory element is a helical memory metal element. The memory element shrinks or expands when the temperature increases above a certain value.

Abstract: A fluid flow control valve uses a servo valve to control the pressure in a main diaphragm chamber defined by a main diaphragm. The main diaphragm carries a main valve element that assumes either a low flow or a high flow position relative to a valve seat depending on which of two states the servo valve is in. When the servo valve is in the one of the two states creating the low flow position of the main valve element, the main diaphragm chamber pressure is regulated by a pressure divider comprising two flow restrictors in series connection between the inlet and outlet chambers of the valve. When in the other of the two states, the servo valve disables the pressure divider and allows the main diaphragm chamber pressure to reach the outlet pressure. The disclosure shows two versions of the invention. One version of the valve enters its low flow state when the servo valve is closed, and the other when its servo valve is open.

Abstract: Herein we disclose an apparatus, comprising: an air feed; a fuel feed; a combustion zone, capable of mixing and combusting air and fuel therein; a temperature sensor positioned within the combustion zone, capable of measuring the temperature of at least one point within the combustion zone; and a control system, comprising: a processor to which the temperature sensor is capable of reporting the measured temperature; and an air flow adjustment apparatus controlled by the processor and capable of adjusting the flow rate of air to the combustion zone in response to the reported temperature. We also disclose a reformer, a power plant, and a fuel cell comprising or associated with the apparatus.

Abstract: A microcombustor comprises a microhotplate and a catalyst for sustained combustion on the microscale. The microhotplate has very low heat capacity and thermal conductivity that mitigate large heat losses arising from large surface-to-volume ratios typical of the microdomain. The heated catalyst enables flame ignition and stabilization, permits combustion with lean fuel/air mixtures, extends a hydrocarbon's limits of flammability, and lowers the combustion temperature. The reduced operating temperatures enable a longer microcombustor lifetime and the reduced fuel consumption enables smaller fuel supplies, both of which are especially important for portable microsystems applications. The microcombustor can be used for on-chip thermal management and for sensor applications, such as heating of a micro gas chromatography column and for use as a micro flame ionization detector.

Abstract: According to the invention, the ionization signal is detected at a first point of time during full-load operation and during partial-load operation, and for this first point of time a first difference is formed between the ionization signal during full-load operation and the ionization signal during partial-load operation. Furthermore, the ionization signal is detected at a second point of time during full-load operation and during partial-load operation, and for this second point of time a second difference is formed between the ionization signal during full-load operation and the ionization signal during partial-load operation. The first difference and the second difference are compared to each other and, dependent thereon, the state of the gas burner is inferred.

Abstract: A water heater control system that prevents the accumulation and accidental ignition of dangerous quantities of unwanted flammable vapors. The system intermittently generates a spark at a predetermined interval such that if unwanted flammable vapors are present, they are burned in a controlled manner. The system obviates the need for flammable vapor sensors.

Abstract: A fuel-fired natural draft water heater is provided with a self-powered, low NOx burner system in which a thermoelectric generator is positioned to be heated by the water heater's fuel burner during firing thereof and used to power an auxiliary combustion air fan which operates to supply to the burner system a quantity of combustion air in addition to that normally supplied by the natural draft of the water heater during operation thereof. The burner system is configured in a manner such that the water heater is operative even if either or both of the thermoelectric generator and the auxiliary combustion air fan fail to function.

Abstract: A burner comprises a fuel distributor having a plurality of fuel injection holes through which a fuel gas is injected into a combustion space 3, an air injector 2 placed to surround the fuel distributor and having a plurality of air injection holes through which air is injected into the combustion space 3, a temperature detector placed such that a temperature detecting portion at a tip end thereof is located within the air injection hole, a body portion thereof is contained within the air injector, and an air layer is formed between the temperature detector and an inner wall of the air injector 9, and a flame detector connected to the temperature detector, for detecting a flame condition based on temperature information within the combustion space which is obtained from the temperature detector.

Abstract: A combustion system for automatic, real-time control of a combustion process which can be applied with significant advantage to a wide range of furnaces, boilers and combustors. The system includes a burner body having a primary first fluid inlet end forming at least one primary first fluid inlet and a first fluid outlet end forming at least one first fluid outlet. An inner conduit is disposed within the burner body, forming a fluid flow region between the burner body and the inner conduit. The inner conduit has a second fluid inlet distal from the first fluid outlet and a second fluid outlet proximate the first fluid outlet. An internal adjustment device is provided for adjusting a flow cross-sectional area for a first fluid and/or a second fluid disposed within the burner body.

Abstract: A continuously operating ultra-stable flare pilot for igniting a flammable fluid discharged from the open end of a flare stack and methods are provided. The flare pilot basically comprises a fuel-air mixture inlet conduit, a fuel-air mixture discharge nozzle attached to the fuel-air mixture inlet conduit and a wind shield having a lower end attached to the fuel-air mixture discharge nozzle or the fuel-air mixture inlet conduit. The wind shield has an open upper end which includes an upstanding wall portion facing the open end of the flare stack and the wind shield includes an outwardly extending wind capturing baffle attached to each of the opposite sides of the wind shield positioned substantially around openings in the wind shield through which captured wind can flow into the interior of the wind shield.

Abstract: As taught herein, an incinerator system that directly eliminates the undesirable and harmful pollution of any gases vente or exhausted to open air. The system utilizes a fuel injector system that is used to dispense gaseous or atomized fuel of almost any type and inject the fuel into the combustion chamber. The fuel injector system disperses the gaseous or atomized fuel within the combustion chamber. Once the gaseous or atomized fuel is in the combustion chamber, it is then ignited. A controller senses the operational parameters of the incinerator system to control fresh air, ignition and fuel supply to start the system and maintain proper operating temperatures within the incinerator system so as to optimize the combustion efficiency and energy economy of the pollution abatement incinerator system.

Abstract: According to the invention, the ionization signal is detected at a first point of time during full-load operation and during partial-load operation, and for this first point of time a first difference is formed between the ionization signal during full-load operation and the ionization signal during partial-load operation. Furthermore, the ionization signal is detected at a second point of time during full-load operation and during partial-load operation, and for this second point of time a second difference is formed between the ionization signal during full-load operation and the ionization signal during partial-load operation. The first difference and the second difference are compared to each other and, dependent thereon, the state of the gas burner is inferred.

Abstract: A flame measuring device, in particular for use in a regulating device for a burner, includes an ionization electrode which is arranged in a flame region of the burner. An ac voltage is applied to the ionization electrode whereby a dc voltage component is superimposed on an ionization current that flows through a resistor connected to the ionization electrode. The flame region influences the ac voltage and the dc voltage at a blocking capacitor unequally, and allows an ac voltage component to be separated from the dc voltage component by way of a first means. The separated ac voltage component can be compared to a separated-off dc voltage component by way of a second means in order to produce a pulse width-modulated signal.

Abstract: A programmable burner for gas stoves, which is constituted by a gas burner and a safety valve that includes a thermocouple, which is located in coincidence with an external edge of the burner. The safety valve is maintained open when the thermocouple is detecting the presence of a flame on the gas burner and is closed when the burner has been turned off. An electrode is placed near of the external periphery of the burner for igniting. A spark generation module is connected with the electrode for generating the sparks for igniting the burner. A spark interrupter is connected to the spark generation module, the spark interrupter being located over a burner knob that is connected to the safety valve, for activating or deactivating the spark generation of the spark generation module. Finally a programmable device is connected with the thermocouple and the security valve, for programming the ignition time of the burner in accordance with a preestablished operation time by user.

Abstract: A device for welding overlapping roof membranes comprising a chassis, an air discharge chute and a flame distribution assembly communicating with the air discharge chute. The flame distribution assembly includes a gaseous fuel source inlet, a primary burner, and an ignition source. A control unit ignites the primary burner by the ignition source. The blower connected to an inlet port of the air discharge chute directs heat generated by the primary burner through an air discharge outlet for welding the overlapping roof membranes.

Abstract: A pressure proving gas valve insures safe and efficient operation of a fuel-burning appliance by monitoring combustion air pressure and appropriately controlling the valve based upon this air pressure. An air pressure sensor is incorporated into a pressure proving valve housing itself thus providing integrated solution for the control of the combustion process. Consequently, when heat is called for, no fuel is provided to the combustion chamber unless appropriate combustion air pressure is sensed. Further, by monitoring the actual air pressure, additional control capability is provided. That is, a variable speed blower associated with the combustion apparatus can be controlled to provide very precise fuel to air mixtures.

Abstract: A burner system with staged fuel injection includes a burner with a swirl generator (1) for a combustion air stream and device(s) for introducing fuel into the combustion air stream, wherein the fuel introducing devices include at least two separate fuel supply elements (4a, 4b) with groups of fuel outlet openings for corresponding premix fuel amounts, wherein a first group is arranged downstream from a second group. The burner system furthermore includes measurement value probes (8, 9) for measuring the pulsations and emissions of the combustion, as well as a control device (10) that controls the two stages (4a, 4b) for introducing fuel dependent on the measured measuring values. The burner system permits optimized operation of the system even under changing operating and environmental conditions.

Abstract: A burner for liquid fuel has an electric heating device for start up heating a fuel vaporization chamber to a selected temperature, a flame retention baffle being fitted on the vaporization chamber with a temperature sensor sensing temperature of the vaporization. When the vaporization chamber is heated to a desired temperature of about 350 degrees celsius by deflected hot exhaust gas products from the burner operation and such temperature is sensed, the sensor outputs a signal so that the electric heating device can be shut down, vaporization chamber heating then being maintained by the deflected hot exhaust gas flow.

Abstract: A main burner 22, a pilot burner 25, and a lead-in pipe 29 supplying combustion exhaust to the pilot burner 25 are arranged in a combustion chamber R2. A flame arrester 27 with small holes 27a is provided at a bottom plate 13. Furthermore, a primary thermocouple 26 detecting the flame state of the pilot burner 25 and a secondary thermocouple 28 detecting the temperature in the combustion chamber R2 are connected in series but with opposite polarities. When the flame arrester 27 clogs up with fine particles, the pilot burner 25, which sucks in combustion exhaust, performs abnormal combustion before the main burner 22, which is detected by the primary thermocouple 26 and the secondary thermocouple 28, whereupon the combustion with the main burner 22 is stopped. Thus, incomplete combustion due to blocking of the air supply path can be prevented.

Abstract: A regulating device for a burner regulates the air-gas ratio by way of an ionization electrode. In the event of dynamic changes in output preliminary control is implemented in accordance with the invention with two or more stored characteristics.

Abstract: In a flame ionization sensor type gas combustion control apparatus, the sensor is provided with a power supply which will increase the voltage as contamination build up occurs on the in-flame sensor electrode thereby keeping a constant sensor current and enabling the sensor to perform as intended even though insulative contaminant build up is present on the electrode.

Abstract: A furnace exhaust remediation unit comprises an auxiliary combustion chamber with a gas burner assembly optimized for efficient and substantially complete combustion of pollutants, for example, waxy hydrocarbons emitted as binder/lubricant substances are driven off in sintering of green powdered-metal parts. The rate of flow of air and exhaust through the combustion chamber are controlled, permitting control of the average residence time of the emissions, ensuring substantially complete combustion. The burner is arranged such that it provides a high-energy exhaust stream directed tangentially into the combustion chamber, so that a spiral motion is provided to the combustible pollutants, improving mixing and heat transfer and thus ensuring efficient combustion of the vaporized hydrocarbon emissions. The system has a universal modular construction where a burn chamber module; a burn chamber extension module and slide gate damper assembly module are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a laser-based method and apparatus that uses absorption spectroscopy to detect the mole fraction of CO2 in a high temperature gas stream. In a preferred embodiment, a distributed feedback based diode laser sensor operating at a wavelength near 1996.89 nm (5007.787 cm−1) interrogates the R(50) transition of the &ngr;1+2&ngr;2+&ngr;3 CO2 absorption band in the near infrared. This transition is specifically chosen based on its superior linestrength and substantial isolation from interfering absorption by high-temperature H2O, CO, NH3, N2O, NO, and other species commonly present in combustion or other high-temperature gas flows.